基于村镇空间“物—场”模型的乡村聚落布局优化研究
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摘要
科学确定乡村聚落布局优化类型,利于指导乡村聚落布局优化及新时期乡村振兴战略的实施。本文以宁夏盐池县为例,以物—场模型为基础,构建了乡村聚落发展的乡镇影响力指数、聚落自身活跃度及周围设施影响的空间场;借鉴空间相互作用的引力模型对乡村聚落的发展影响程度进行定量评价与分析;按乡村聚落的不同影响力大小,界定乡村聚落的不同演化方向,并针对其演化方向将乡村聚落优化类型划分为社区化发展型、综合发展潜力型、优势发展保持型、聚落迁并扶持型四大类。结果表明,盐池县社区化发展类型的乡村聚落共27个,面积11.58 km~2,占盐池县乡村聚落总面积的34.06%,主要沿中心城镇呈团块状分布;综合发展潜力型的乡村聚落共27个,面积9.45 km~2,占比27.79%,主要分布于城镇发展拓展边界的外围及设施条件较优越的地带;优势发展保持型的乡村聚落有33个,面积9.28 km~2,占比27.29%;聚落迁并扶持型的乡村聚落共15个,面积3.69 km~2,占比为10.85%,并针对4种优化类型,提出了较为可行的优化方案。研究结果可为乡村聚落的布局优化及乡村振兴的战略推进提供参考。
Scientific determination of the type of rural settlement layout optimization is conducive to guiding the layout optimization of rural settlement and the implementation of the strategy of Rural Revitalization in the new era. Taking Yanchi County of Ningxia as an example, based on the substance-field model, this paper constructs the spatial field of the influence index of the towns, the activity level of rural settlement and the spatial field influenced by the surrounding facilities on the development of rural settlements; uses the gravitational model of spatial interaction for quantitative evaluation and analysis of the impact of rural settlements; defines the different evolution directions of rural settlements according to the different influence of rural settlements. According to its evolution direction, the optimization types of rural settlements can be divided into four types: community development type, comprehensive development potential type, dominant development maintenance type and settlement relocation and supporting type. The results show that there are 27 community-based rural settlements in Yanchi County, with an area of 11.58 km~2, accounting for 34.06% of the total settlement area in Yanchi County, which mainly distribute in clusters along the central towns; 27 rural settlements with comprehensive development potential type, covering an area of 9.45 km~2, accounting for 27.79%, are mainly distributed in the periphery of urban development and expansion boundary and the facilities with superior facilities. There are 33 rural settlements with dominant development maintenance type, covering an area of 9.28 km~2, accounting for 27.29%.There are 15 settlements relocation and supporting type with an area of 3.69 km~2, accounting for 10.85%. For the four optimization types, a feasible optimization scheme is proposed. The research results can provide reference for the layout optimization of rural settlements and the strategic promotion of rural revitalization.
Scientific determination of the type of rural settlement layout optimization is conducive to guiding the layout optimization of rural settlement and the implementation of the strategy of Rural Revitalization in the new era. Taking Yanchi County of Ningxia as an example, based on the substance-field model, this paper constructs the spatial field of the influence index of the towns, the activity level of rural settlement and the spatial field influenced by the surrounding facilities on the development of rural settlements; uses the gravitational model of spatial interaction for quantitative evaluation and analysis of the impact of rural settlements; defines the different evolution directions of rural settlements according to the different influence of rural settlements. According to its evolution direction, the optimization types of rural settlements can be divided into four types: community development type, comprehensive development potential type, dominant development maintenance type and settlement relocation and supporting type. The results show that there are 27 community-based rural settlements in Yanchi County, with an area of 11.58 km~2, accounting for 34.06% of the total settlement area in Yanchi County, which mainly distribute in clusters along the central towns; 27 rural settlements with comprehensive development potential type, covering an area of 9.45 km~2, accounting for 27.79%, are mainly distributed in the periphery of urban development and expansion boundary and the facilities with superior facilities. There are 33 rural settlements with dominant development maintenance type, covering an area of 9.28 km~2, accounting for 27.29%.There are 15 settlements relocation and supporting type with an area of 3.69 km~2, accounting for 10.85%. For the four optimization types, a feasible optimization scheme is proposed. The research results can provide reference for the layout optimization of rural settlements and the strategic promotion of rural revitalization.
引文
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[22]原野,赵中秋,师学义,等.基于乡镇地域主导功能定位的农村居民点整理策略研究[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(12):2 089-2 099.
[23]Tian Guangjin,Qiao Zhi,Gao Xiaolu.Rural settlement land dynamic modes and policy implications in Beijing metropoli‐tan region,China[J].Habitat International,2014,44:237-246.
[24]马晓冬,李全林,沈一.江苏省乡村聚落的形态分异及地域类型[J].地理学报,2012,67(4):516-525.
[25]郭晓东,李莺飞,马利邦.基于改进Converse断裂点模型和加权Voronoi图的区域城镇体系结构研究--以天水市为例[J].地域研究与开发,2017,36(6):70-75.
[26]马利邦,田亚亚,谢作轮,等.微观尺度绿洲乡村聚落质量评价及其空间重构[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(5):227-234+295-296.
[27]焦鹏飞,张凤荣,李灿,等.基于引力模型的县域中心村空间布局分析--以山西省长治县为例[J].资源科学,2014,36(1):45-54.
[28]孙峰华,朱传耿,王振波,等.TRIZ:研究人地关系问题的一种新的理论与方法[J].地理研究,2012,31(10):1 737-1 748.
[29]王丽,邓羽,刘盛和,等.基于改进场模型的城市影响范围动态演变--以中国中部地区为例[J].地理学报,2011,66(2):189-198.
[30]李裕瑞,王婧,刘彦随,等.中国“四化”协调发展的区域格局及其影响因素[J].地理学报,2014,69(2):199-212.
[2]刘彦随.新时代乡村振兴地理学研究[J].地理研究,2019,38(3):461-466.
[3]刘彦随.中国新时代城乡融合与乡村振兴[J].地理学报,2018,73(4):637-650.
[4]金其铭.我国农村聚落地理研究历史及近今趋向[J].地理学报,1988,43(4):10-11.
[5]吴传钧.论地理学的研究核心:人地关系地域系统[J].经济地理,1991,11(3):1-6.
[6]龙花楼,刘彦随,张小林,等.农业地理与乡村发展研究新近进展[J].地理学报,2014,69(8):1 145-1 158.
[7]李红波,张小林,吴启焰,等.发达地区乡村聚落空间重构的特征与机理研究--以苏南为例[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(4):591-603.
[8]屠爽爽,龙花楼,李婷婷,等.中国村镇建设和农村发展的机理与模式研究[J].经济地理,2015,35(12):141-147,160.
[9]张富刚,刘彦随.中国区域农村发展动力机制及其发展模式[J].地理学报,2008,63(2):115-122.
[10]王曼曼,吴秀芹,吴斌,等.盐池北部风沙区乡村聚落空间格局演变分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(8):260-271.
[11]杨忍,刘彦随,龙花楼,等.基于格网的农村居民点用地时空特征及空间指向性的地理要素识别--以环渤海地区为例[J].地理研究,2015,34(6):1 077-1 087.
[12]陈宗峰,李裕瑞,刘彦随.黄土丘陵沟壑区乡村聚落分布格局特征与类型[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(14):266-274,316.
[13]Carrión-Flores C,Irwin E G.Determinants of residential landuse conversion and sprawl at the rural-urban fringe[J].Ameri‐can Journal of Agricultural Economics,2004,86(4):889-904.
[14]Yang Ren,Liu Yansui,Long Hualou,et al.Spatio-temporal characteristics of rural settlements and land use in the Bohai Rim of China[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2015,25(5):559-572.
[15]Thorsen I,Ub?e J.Modeling residential location choice in an area with spatial barriers[J].Regional Society,2002,36(6):13-64.
[16]梁发超,刘诗苑,刘黎明.基于“居住场势”理论的乡村聚落景观空间重构--以厦门市灌口镇为例[J].经济地理,2017,37(3):193-200.
[17]刘彦随,陈聪,李玉恒.中国新型城镇化村镇建设格局研究[J].地域研究与开发,2014,33(6):1-6.
[18]Martins P F D,Pereira T Z D.Cattle-raising and public credit in rural settlements in Eastern Amazon[J].Ecological Indica‐tors,2012,20:316-323.
[19]任国平,刘黎明,付永虎,等.都市郊区乡村聚落景观格局特征及影响因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(2):220-229.
[20]杨忍.基于自然主控因子和道路可达性的广东省乡村聚落空间分布特征及影响因素[J].地理学报,2017,72(10):1 859-1 871.
[21]娄帆,李小建,陈晓燕.平原和山区县域聚落空间演变对比分析--以河南省延津县和宝丰县为例[J].经济地理,2017,37(4):158-166.
[22]原野,赵中秋,师学义,等.基于乡镇地域主导功能定位的农村居民点整理策略研究[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(12):2 089-2 099.
[23]Tian Guangjin,Qiao Zhi,Gao Xiaolu.Rural settlement land dynamic modes and policy implications in Beijing metropoli‐tan region,China[J].Habitat International,2014,44:237-246.
[24]马晓冬,李全林,沈一.江苏省乡村聚落的形态分异及地域类型[J].地理学报,2012,67(4):516-525.
[25]郭晓东,李莺飞,马利邦.基于改进Converse断裂点模型和加权Voronoi图的区域城镇体系结构研究--以天水市为例[J].地域研究与开发,2017,36(6):70-75.
[26]马利邦,田亚亚,谢作轮,等.微观尺度绿洲乡村聚落质量评价及其空间重构[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(5):227-234+295-296.
[27]焦鹏飞,张凤荣,李灿,等.基于引力模型的县域中心村空间布局分析--以山西省长治县为例[J].资源科学,2014,36(1):45-54.
[28]孙峰华,朱传耿,王振波,等.TRIZ:研究人地关系问题的一种新的理论与方法[J].地理研究,2012,31(10):1 737-1 748.
[29]王丽,邓羽,刘盛和,等.基于改进场模型的城市影响范围动态演变--以中国中部地区为例[J].地理学报,2011,66(2):189-198.
[30]李裕瑞,王婧,刘彦随,等.中国“四化”协调发展的区域格局及其影响因素[J].地理学报,2014,69(2):199-212.
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