古尔班通古特沙漠中4种荒漠草本植物的生物量与化学计量特征
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摘要
对于荒漠植物不同生长期生物量分配和化学计量比的研究有助于深入了解荒漠植物的功能结构,更好掌握环境对植物的生存影响。本研究选取古尔班通古特沙漠4种一年生荒漠草本植物沙蓬(Agriophyllum sqarrosum(L.) Moq.)、雾冰藜(Bassssia dasyphylla(Fisch. et Mey.) O. Kuntze)、角果藜(Ceratocarpus arenarius L.)和碱蓬(Suaeda glauca(Bge.) Bge.)对比研究了4种生物量分配与N、P化学计量学随植物生长的变化。结果显示:(1) 4种荒漠植物生物量积累配过程中,根冠比随生长季的延长逐渐降低。地上、地上生物量相关生长关系表明,角果藜为等速→异速的变化过程,沙蓬从采样初期至末期的变化过程为异速→等速生长,而沙蓬和碱蓬的相关生长指数相反,分别为异速→等速→异速、等速→异速→等速的变化格局;(2) 4种植物N、P含量随生长期的延长逐步降低。在整个生长季节4种植物的N与P含量的变化趋势均为相似。(3)植物N、P含量间达到正相关显著,除沙蓬和雾冰藜的N∶P之外其余指标分别与植物的地上、地下生物量及总生物量间呈负相关显著,而根冠比、相关生长指数与化学计量特征间未达到显著水平,表明了二者较弱的相关性。研究表明,4种荒漠草本植物生物量与化学计量特征的相关性不大,说明化学计量比并不是影响植物生物量及生活策略的主要因素,而更多是受植物自身遗传特性的影响。同时也体现了荒漠草本植物在养分匮乏的条件下,形成了自身独特的生理生态特征,且具有相对稳定的适应特性。
The study on the biomass allocation and stoichiometric ratio of desert plants in different growth periods can help to understand the functional structure of desert plants and better grasp the influence of environment on the survival of plants. In this study,four annual desert herbs Agriophyllum sqarrosum (L.)Moq.,Bassssia dasyphylla (Fisch. Et Mey.) O. Kuntze,Ceratocarpus arenarius L. and Suaeda glauca (Bge.)Bge. were selected. The changes of the distribution of biomass,N and P stoichiometry with plant growth were compared. The results showed that: (1) During the process of biomass accumulation and distribution of four kinds of desert plants,the root crown ratio decreased gradually with the extension of growing season. The growth relation of aboveground and aboveground biomass showed that the change process of the quinoa was isokinetic to isokinetic,while the change process from the initial stage to the final stage of the sample was isokinetic to isokinetic,while the correlation growth index of the apsarum and the apsarum was opposite,which was the change pattern of isokinetic to isokinetic,isokinetic to isokinetic to isokinetic. (2) The N and P contents of the four plants decreased gradually with the extension of growth period. The variation trend of N and P content of the four plants was similar throughout the growing season. (3) The contents of plant N and P reached a significant positive correlation,and the other indexes except N: P of desiccant and fog ice quinoa showed a significant negative correlation with the aboveground and underground biomass and total biomass of plants,while the root crown ratio,correlation growth index and stoichiometric characteristics did not reach a significant level,indicating a relatively weak correlation between them. Study shows that the four kinds of desert plant biomass little correlation with characteristics of chemical measurement and explain stoichiometric ratio is not the main factors influencing the plant biomass and life strategy,but more is affected by the plant's own genetic traits,but also embodies the desert herbaceous plants under the condition of lack of nutrients,formed its own unique physiological and ecological characteristics,and has a relatively stable adaptive traits. Research shows,There was little correlation between biomass and stoichiometric characteristics of the four desert herbaceous plants,indicating that stoichiometric ratio was not the main factor affecting biomass and living strategies of plants,but was more influenced by the genetic characteristics of plants themselves. At the same time,it also reflects that desert herbaceous plants have formed their own unique physiological and ecological characteristics under the condition of nutrient deficiency,and have relatively stable adaptation characteristics.
The study on the biomass allocation and stoichiometric ratio of desert plants in different growth periods can help to understand the functional structure of desert plants and better grasp the influence of environment on the survival of plants. In this study,four annual desert herbs Agriophyllum sqarrosum (L.)Moq.,Bassssia dasyphylla (Fisch. Et Mey.) O. Kuntze,Ceratocarpus arenarius L. and Suaeda glauca (Bge.)Bge. were selected. The changes of the distribution of biomass,N and P stoichiometry with plant growth were compared. The results showed that: (1) During the process of biomass accumulation and distribution of four kinds of desert plants,the root crown ratio decreased gradually with the extension of growing season. The growth relation of aboveground and aboveground biomass showed that the change process of the quinoa was isokinetic to isokinetic,while the change process from the initial stage to the final stage of the sample was isokinetic to isokinetic,while the correlation growth index of the apsarum and the apsarum was opposite,which was the change pattern of isokinetic to isokinetic,isokinetic to isokinetic to isokinetic. (2) The N and P contents of the four plants decreased gradually with the extension of growth period. The variation trend of N and P content of the four plants was similar throughout the growing season. (3) The contents of plant N and P reached a significant positive correlation,and the other indexes except N: P of desiccant and fog ice quinoa showed a significant negative correlation with the aboveground and underground biomass and total biomass of plants,while the root crown ratio,correlation growth index and stoichiometric characteristics did not reach a significant level,indicating a relatively weak correlation between them. Study shows that the four kinds of desert plant biomass little correlation with characteristics of chemical measurement and explain stoichiometric ratio is not the main factors influencing the plant biomass and life strategy,but more is affected by the plant's own genetic traits,but also embodies the desert herbaceous plants under the condition of lack of nutrients,formed its own unique physiological and ecological characteristics,and has a relatively stable adaptive traits. Research shows,There was little correlation between biomass and stoichiometric characteristics of the four desert herbaceous plants,indicating that stoichiometric ratio was not the main factor affecting biomass and living strategies of plants,but was more influenced by the genetic characteristics of plants themselves. At the same time,it also reflects that desert herbaceous plants have formed their own unique physiological and ecological characteristics under the condition of nutrient deficiency,and have relatively stable adaptation characteristics.
引文
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3.丁俊祥,范连连,李彦,等.古尔班通古特沙漠6种荒漠草本植物的生物量分配与相关生长关系[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(5):1323-1330.Ding J X,Fan L L,Li Y,et al.Biomass allocation and allometric relationships of six desert herbaceous plants in the Gurbantunggut Desert[J].Journal of Desert Research,2016,36(5):1323-1330.
4.郝虎东,田青松,石凤翎,等.无芒雀麦地上生物量及各构件生物量分配动态[J].中国草地学报,2009,31(4):85-90.Hao H D,Tian Q S,Shi F L,et al.Allocated dynamics of aboveground biomass and structural biomass in Bromus inermis Leyss[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2009,31(4):85-90.
5.Funk J L,Larson J E,Ames G M,et al.Revisiting the holy grail:using plant functional traits to understand ecological processes[J].Biological Reviews,2016,92(2):1156-1173.
6.Lyu S M,Liu X,Venail P.Functional dissimilarity,not phylogenetic relatedness,determines interspecific interactions among plants in the Tibetan alpine meadows[J].Oikos,2017,126(3):381-388.
7.Díaz S,Kattge J,Cornelissen J H C,et al.The global spectrum of plant form and function[J].Nature,2016,529(7585):167-171.
8.陶冶,张元明.3种荒漠植物群落物种组成与丰富度的季节变化及地上生物量特征[J].草业学报,2011,20(6):1-11.Tao Y,Zhang Y M.Seasonal changes in species composition,richness and the aboveground biomass of three community types in Gurbantunggut Desert,Northwestern China[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2011,20(6):1-11.
9.陶冶,吴甘霖,刘耀斌,等.古尔班通古特沙漠典型灌木群落土壤化学计量特征及其影响因素[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(2):305-314.Tao Y,Wu G L,Liu Y B,et al.Soil stoichiometry and their influencing factors in typical shrub communities in the Gurbantunggut Desert,China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2017,37(2):305-314.
10.姜沛沛,曹扬,陈云明.陕西省森林群落乔灌草叶片和凋落物C、N、P生态化学计量特征[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(2):365-372.Jiang P P,Cao Y,Chen Y M.C,N,P stoichiometric characteristics of tree,shrub,herb leaves and litter in forest community of Shaanxi Province,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(2):365-372.
11.王凯博,上官周平.黄土丘陵区燕沟流域典型植物叶片C、N、P化学计量特征季节变化[J].生态学报.2011,31(17):4985-4991.Wang K B,Shangguan Z P.Seasonal variations in leaf C,N,and P stoichiometry of typical plants in the Yangou watershed in the loess hilly gully region[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(17):4985-4991.
12.吴统贵,吴明,刘丽,等.杭州湾滨海湿地3种草本植物叶片N、P化学计量学的季节变化[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(1):23-28.Wu T G,Wu M,Liu L,et al.Seasonal variations of leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of three herbaceous species in Hangzhou Bay coastal wetlands,China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2010,34(1):23-28.
13.王绍强,于贵瑞.生态系统碳氮磷元素的生态化学计量学特征[J].生态学报,2008,28(8):3937-3947.Wang S Q,Yu G R.Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of ecosystem carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus elements[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(8):3937-3947.
14.唐高溶,郑伟,王祥,等.旅游对喀纳斯景区植被和土壤碳、氮、磷化学计量特征的影响[J].草业科学,2016,33(8):1476-1485.Tang G R,Zheng G W,Wang X,et al.Effects of tourism disturbance on the ecological stoichiometry characteristics of C,N and P of the vegetation and soil in Kanas Scenic Area[J].Pratacultural Science,2016,33(8):1476-1485.
15.李玮,郑子成,李廷轩.不同植茶年限土壤团聚体碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(1):9-16.Li W,Zheng Z C,Li T X.Ecologicalstoichiometry of soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus within soil aggregates in tea plantations with different ages[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(1):9-16.
16.张蕾蕾,钟全林,程栋梁,等.刨花楠不同相对生长速率下林木叶片碳氮磷的适应特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(9):2607-2613.Zhang L L,Zhong Q L,Cheng D L,et al.Biomass relative growth rate of Machilus pauhoi in relation to leaf carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus stoichiometry properties[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(9):2607-2613.
17.Kerkhoff A J,Enquist B J,Elser J J,et al.Plant allometry,stoichiometry and the temperature-dependence of primary productivity[J].Global Ecology and Biogeography,2005,14(6),585-598.
18.Aerts R,Chapin III F S.The mineral nutrition of wild plants revisited:a re-evaluation of processes and patterns[J].Advances in Ecological Research,1999,30:1-67.
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