陕南寒武纪西乡化石库的马哈螺和棱管壳研究
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摘要
对陕南西乡化石库发现的马哈螺类化石和棱管壳类化石做了统计和描述,补充了马哈螺类新的属征,建立新种西乡拟鳞锥Ramentoides xixiangensis sp. nov.。马哈螺和棱管壳表面装饰存在差异,并非同一物种上掉落的骨片,本文展示的马哈螺新的特征与"骨针壳"假说存在矛盾,马哈螺在形态上表现出软体动物单板类最原始的特征,而棱管壳则与halkieriids存在密切的亲缘关系。本文报道了马哈螺类化石的新形态,丰富了对马哈螺类和棱管壳类的认识,对确立马哈螺和棱管壳的亲缘关系和分类位置提供了新的材料。
The fossils of maikhanellid and siphogonuchitids found in the Cambrian Xixiang Lagerst?tten in South Shaanxi Province, China were statistically described, and the new characteristics of maikhanellid genera was added. A new species Ramentoides xixiangensis sp. nov. is described in this paper. The surface decoration of maikhanellid and siphogonuchitids is different and they are not the fallen bone slices from the same species. The new characteristics of maikhanellid are contradictory to the "spicule-shell" hypothesis. The maikhanellid exhibits the most primitive characteristics of molluscs in morphology, while the siphogonuchitids has close affinity with halkieriids. This paper reports the new morphology of maikhanellid, enriches the knowledge of maikhanellid and siphogonuchitids, and provides new material for establishing the relationship and systematic position of maikhanellid and siphogonuchitids.
The fossils of maikhanellid and siphogonuchitids found in the Cambrian Xixiang Lagerst?tten in South Shaanxi Province, China were statistically described, and the new characteristics of maikhanellid genera was added. A new species Ramentoides xixiangensis sp. nov. is described in this paper. The surface decoration of maikhanellid and siphogonuchitids is different and they are not the fallen bone slices from the same species. The new characteristics of maikhanellid are contradictory to the "spicule-shell" hypothesis. The maikhanellid exhibits the most primitive characteristics of molluscs in morphology, while the siphogonuchitids has close affinity with halkieriids. This paper reports the new morphology of maikhanellid, enriches the knowledge of maikhanellid and siphogonuchitids, and provides new material for establishing the relationship and systematic position of maikhanellid and siphogonuchitids.
引文
冯伟民,陈哲,孙卫国,2002.晚前寒武纪末至早寒武世生物骨骼微细结构的分异.中国科学(D辑),32(10):850-855
冯伟民,孙卫国,钱逸,2001.早寒武世马哈螺类的骨骼化特征、分类和演化意义.古生物学报,40(2):195-213
刘云焕,李勇,弓虎军等,2009c.陕南早寒武世早期Quadra-pyrgites再研究.古生物学报,48(4):688-694
刘云焕,李勇,邵铁全等,2005a.瓮安生物群与宽川铺生物群中球形类化石研究.地球科学与环境学报,27(1):5-13
刘云焕,李勇,邵铁全等,2005b.陕西南部早寒武世原始锥石类carinachitids两新种记述.微体古生物学报,22(3):311-321
刘云焕,李勇,邵铁全等,2006a.陕南早寒武世早期Punctatus奇异星状口盘的发现及其形态功能分析.微体古生物学报,23(1):62-69
刘云焕,李勇,邵铁全等,2006b.陕南早寒武世据口部的磷酸盐化Punctatus及其胚胎化石.古生物学报,45(2):182-194
刘云焕,李勇,邵铁全等,2011.陕西宁强原始锥石类五辐对称新属种的发现.微体古生物学报,28(2):244-249
刘云焕,李勇,邵铁全等,2013b.陕西南部寒武系底部棘盔状化石再研究.微体古生物学报,30(2):318-322
刘云焕,李勇,邵铁全等,2014.陕南寒武系底部磷酸盐化保存的寒武松藻属化石新知.微体古生物学报,31(1):98-103
刘云焕,邵铁全,房启飞等,2009b.陕南早寒武世早期管柱状生物化石新发现.微体古生物学报,26(3):291-296
刘云焕,邵铁全,段少帅等,2013a.陕南西乡生物群早寒武世Qua-drapyrgites化石.地球科学与环境学报,35(3):39-43
刘云焕,邵铁全,韩健等,2009a.陕南早寒武世早期磷酸盐化Punctatus发育模式研究.微体古生物学报,26(3):243-248
邵铁全,王琪,刘云焕等,2015a.陕南西乡寒武纪梅树村期的马哈螺类化石.微体古生物学报,32(3):329-338
邵铁全,刘云焕,王琪等,2015b.陕南早寒武世早期水螅营养体及管状疑难化石.微体古生物学报,32(2):194-199
杨暹和,何廷贵,1984.四川南江地区下寒武统梅树村阶小壳化石新属新种.地层古生物论文集,13辑.北京:地质出版社.35-47
张虎,刘云焕,秦嘉琛等,2017.陕南张家沟剖面寒武纪早期微体化石Hexaconularia sichuanensis的新材料.古生物学报,56(4):433-439
罗惠麟,蒋志文,武希彻等,1982.云南东部震旦系-寒武系界线.昆明:云南人民出版社.1-154
钱逸,1977.华中西南区早寒武世梅树村阶的软舌螺纲及其它化石.古生物学报,16(2):255-278
钱逸(主编),1999.中国小壳化石分类学与生物地层学.北京:科学出版社.1-247
蒋志文,1980a.云南晋宁梅树村阶及梅树村动物群.中国地质科学院院报,2(1):75-95
蒋志文,1980b.云南梅树村剖面梅树村阶单板纲,腹足类动物群.地质学报,54(2):112-123
蒋志文,1982.中国梅树村阶小壳化石组合及遗迹化石序列.云南地质,1(3):256-264
戴永定,1994.生物矿物学.北京:石油工业出版社.216-256
BENGTSON S,1992.The cao-shaped Cambrian fossil Maikhanella and the relationship between coeloscleritophora and molluscs.Lethaia,25:401-420
CONWAY Morris,CARON J B,2007.Halwaxiids and the early evolution of Lophotrochozoans.Science,315:1255-1258
DAI Yongding,1994.Biomineralogy.Beijing:Petroleum Indus-try Press.216-256
FENG Weimin,CHEN Zhe,SUN Weiguo,2002.Differentiation of biological skeletal microstructure from late Cambrian to early Cambrian.Science in China (Serties D),32(10):850-855
FENG Weimin,SUN Weiguo,QIAN Yi,2001.Skeletalization characters,classification and evolutionary significance of early Cambrian monoplacophoran Maikhanellids.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,40(2):195-213
HAMDI B,BRASIER M D,JIANG Zhiwen,1989.Earliest skeletal fossils from Precambrian-Cambrian boundary strata,Elburz Mountains.Tran.Geol.Mag.,126:283-289
JIANG Zhiwen,1980a.The Meishucun Stage and fauna of the Jinning county,Yunnan.Bulletin Chinese Acad.Geol.Sci.Series,2(1):75-95
JIANG Zhiwen,1980b.Monoplacophorans and gastropods fauna of the Meishucun Stage from the Meishucun Section,Yunnan.Acta Geological Sinica,54(2):112-123
JIANG Zhiwen,1982.The Meishucun Stage Small Shell Fossil combination and Trace fossils sequence of China.Yunnan Geology,1(3):256-264
KERBER M,1988.Microfossils from lower Cambrian rocks of the Montagen Noire,France.Palaeontographica Abt.A,202:127-203
LIU Yunhuan,LI Yong,GONG Hujun et al.,2009c.New data on Quadrapyrgites from the Earliest Cambrian of South Shaanxi.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,48(4):688-694
LIU Yunhuan,LI Yong,SHAO Tiequan et al.,2005a.Study of the spherioidal fossils in Weng’an biota and Kuanchuanpu biota.Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,27(1):5-13
LIU Yunhuan,LI Yong,SHAO Tiequan et al.,2005b.Two new species of Protoconulariids from the Early Cambrian in South Shaanxi,China.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,22(3):311-321
LIU Yunhuan,LI Yong,SHAO Tiequan et al.,2006a.Phosphatized Star-like oral disc of Punctatus and its functional morpho-logy from early Early Cambrian of South Shaanxi.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,23(1):62-69
LIU Yunhuan,LI Yong,SHAO Tiequan et al.,2006b.Preliminary Note on the Phosphatized Punctatus with mouthparts and its embryos from Lower Cambrian in Ningqiang,South Shaanxi,China.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,45(2):182-194
LIU Yunhuan,LI Yong,SHAO Tiequan et al.,2013b.A re-study on the helmet-like fossils from the basal Cambrian of South Shaanxi,China.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,30(3):318-322
LIU Yunhuan,LI Yong,SHAO Tiequan et al.,2011.A new genus and species of protoconulariids from Early Cambrian in the southern Shaanxi,China.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,28(2):244-249
LIU Yunhuan,LI Yong,SHAO Tiequan et al.,2014.The new record of phosphatized Cambricodium fossils from the basal Cambrian of the South Shaanxi,China.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,31(1):98-103
LIU Yunhuan,SHAO Tiequan,FANG Qifei et al.,2009a.Disco-very on the column-like fossils from Early Cambrian of South Shaanxi.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,26(3):291-296
LIU Yunhuan,SHAO Tiequan,HAN Jian et al.,2009b.Study on the developmental model of phosphatized Punctatus from the earliest Cambrian of South Shaanxi.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,26(3):243-248
LIU Yunhuan,SHAO Tiequan,DUAN Shaoshuai et al.,2013a.Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites fossils of Xixiang Boita in southern Shaanxi Province.Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,35(3):39-43
LIU Yunhuan,ZHANGN Yanan,SHAO Tiequan et al.,2016.New Maikhanellid Shells and Siphogonuchitid Spicule Bundles from the Cambrian Fortunian Stage of South China.Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),89(5):1629-1636
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ZHANG Hu,LIU Yunhuan,QIN Jiachen et al.,2017.New materials of Early Cambrian microfossils Hexaconularia sichuanensis from Zhangjiagou section in southern Shaanxi.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,56(4):433-439
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冯伟民,孙卫国,钱逸,2001.早寒武世马哈螺类的骨骼化特征、分类和演化意义.古生物学报,40(2):195-213
刘云焕,李勇,弓虎军等,2009c.陕南早寒武世早期Quadra-pyrgites再研究.古生物学报,48(4):688-694
刘云焕,李勇,邵铁全等,2005a.瓮安生物群与宽川铺生物群中球形类化石研究.地球科学与环境学报,27(1):5-13
刘云焕,李勇,邵铁全等,2005b.陕西南部早寒武世原始锥石类carinachitids两新种记述.微体古生物学报,22(3):311-321
刘云焕,李勇,邵铁全等,2006a.陕南早寒武世早期Punctatus奇异星状口盘的发现及其形态功能分析.微体古生物学报,23(1):62-69
刘云焕,李勇,邵铁全等,2006b.陕南早寒武世据口部的磷酸盐化Punctatus及其胚胎化石.古生物学报,45(2):182-194
刘云焕,李勇,邵铁全等,2011.陕西宁强原始锥石类五辐对称新属种的发现.微体古生物学报,28(2):244-249
刘云焕,李勇,邵铁全等,2013b.陕西南部寒武系底部棘盔状化石再研究.微体古生物学报,30(2):318-322
刘云焕,李勇,邵铁全等,2014.陕南寒武系底部磷酸盐化保存的寒武松藻属化石新知.微体古生物学报,31(1):98-103
刘云焕,邵铁全,房启飞等,2009b.陕南早寒武世早期管柱状生物化石新发现.微体古生物学报,26(3):291-296
刘云焕,邵铁全,段少帅等,2013a.陕南西乡生物群早寒武世Qua-drapyrgites化石.地球科学与环境学报,35(3):39-43
刘云焕,邵铁全,韩健等,2009a.陕南早寒武世早期磷酸盐化Punctatus发育模式研究.微体古生物学报,26(3):243-248
邵铁全,王琪,刘云焕等,2015a.陕南西乡寒武纪梅树村期的马哈螺类化石.微体古生物学报,32(3):329-338
邵铁全,刘云焕,王琪等,2015b.陕南早寒武世早期水螅营养体及管状疑难化石.微体古生物学报,32(2):194-199
杨暹和,何廷贵,1984.四川南江地区下寒武统梅树村阶小壳化石新属新种.地层古生物论文集,13辑.北京:地质出版社.35-47
张虎,刘云焕,秦嘉琛等,2017.陕南张家沟剖面寒武纪早期微体化石Hexaconularia sichuanensis的新材料.古生物学报,56(4):433-439
罗惠麟,蒋志文,武希彻等,1982.云南东部震旦系-寒武系界线.昆明:云南人民出版社.1-154
钱逸,1977.华中西南区早寒武世梅树村阶的软舌螺纲及其它化石.古生物学报,16(2):255-278
钱逸(主编),1999.中国小壳化石分类学与生物地层学.北京:科学出版社.1-247
蒋志文,1980a.云南晋宁梅树村阶及梅树村动物群.中国地质科学院院报,2(1):75-95
蒋志文,1980b.云南梅树村剖面梅树村阶单板纲,腹足类动物群.地质学报,54(2):112-123
蒋志文,1982.中国梅树村阶小壳化石组合及遗迹化石序列.云南地质,1(3):256-264
戴永定,1994.生物矿物学.北京:石油工业出版社.216-256
BENGTSON S,1992.The cao-shaped Cambrian fossil Maikhanella and the relationship between coeloscleritophora and molluscs.Lethaia,25:401-420
CONWAY Morris,CARON J B,2007.Halwaxiids and the early evolution of Lophotrochozoans.Science,315:1255-1258
DAI Yongding,1994.Biomineralogy.Beijing:Petroleum Indus-try Press.216-256
FENG Weimin,CHEN Zhe,SUN Weiguo,2002.Differentiation of biological skeletal microstructure from late Cambrian to early Cambrian.Science in China (Serties D),32(10):850-855
FENG Weimin,SUN Weiguo,QIAN Yi,2001.Skeletalization characters,classification and evolutionary significance of early Cambrian monoplacophoran Maikhanellids.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,40(2):195-213
HAMDI B,BRASIER M D,JIANG Zhiwen,1989.Earliest skeletal fossils from Precambrian-Cambrian boundary strata,Elburz Mountains.Tran.Geol.Mag.,126:283-289
JIANG Zhiwen,1980a.The Meishucun Stage and fauna of the Jinning county,Yunnan.Bulletin Chinese Acad.Geol.Sci.Series,2(1):75-95
JIANG Zhiwen,1980b.Monoplacophorans and gastropods fauna of the Meishucun Stage from the Meishucun Section,Yunnan.Acta Geological Sinica,54(2):112-123
JIANG Zhiwen,1982.The Meishucun Stage Small Shell Fossil combination and Trace fossils sequence of China.Yunnan Geology,1(3):256-264
KERBER M,1988.Microfossils from lower Cambrian rocks of the Montagen Noire,France.Palaeontographica Abt.A,202:127-203
LIU Yunhuan,LI Yong,GONG Hujun et al.,2009c.New data on Quadrapyrgites from the Earliest Cambrian of South Shaanxi.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,48(4):688-694
LIU Yunhuan,LI Yong,SHAO Tiequan et al.,2005a.Study of the spherioidal fossils in Weng’an biota and Kuanchuanpu biota.Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,27(1):5-13
LIU Yunhuan,LI Yong,SHAO Tiequan et al.,2005b.Two new species of Protoconulariids from the Early Cambrian in South Shaanxi,China.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,22(3):311-321
LIU Yunhuan,LI Yong,SHAO Tiequan et al.,2006a.Phosphatized Star-like oral disc of Punctatus and its functional morpho-logy from early Early Cambrian of South Shaanxi.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,23(1):62-69
LIU Yunhuan,LI Yong,SHAO Tiequan et al.,2006b.Preliminary Note on the Phosphatized Punctatus with mouthparts and its embryos from Lower Cambrian in Ningqiang,South Shaanxi,China.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,45(2):182-194
LIU Yunhuan,LI Yong,SHAO Tiequan et al.,2013b.A re-study on the helmet-like fossils from the basal Cambrian of South Shaanxi,China.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,30(3):318-322
LIU Yunhuan,LI Yong,SHAO Tiequan et al.,2011.A new genus and species of protoconulariids from Early Cambrian in the southern Shaanxi,China.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,28(2):244-249
LIU Yunhuan,LI Yong,SHAO Tiequan et al.,2014.The new record of phosphatized Cambricodium fossils from the basal Cambrian of the South Shaanxi,China.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,31(1):98-103
LIU Yunhuan,SHAO Tiequan,FANG Qifei et al.,2009a.Disco-very on the column-like fossils from Early Cambrian of South Shaanxi.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,26(3):291-296
LIU Yunhuan,SHAO Tiequan,HAN Jian et al.,2009b.Study on the developmental model of phosphatized Punctatus from the earliest Cambrian of South Shaanxi.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,26(3):243-248
LIU Yunhuan,SHAO Tiequan,DUAN Shaoshuai et al.,2013a.Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites fossils of Xixiang Boita in southern Shaanxi Province.Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,35(3):39-43
LIU Yunhuan,ZHANGN Yanan,SHAO Tiequan et al.,2016.New Maikhanellid Shells and Siphogonuchitid Spicule Bundles from the Cambrian Fortunian Stage of South China.Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),89(5):1629-1636
LUO Huilin,JIANG Zhiwen,WU Xiche et al.,1982.Sinian-Cambrian Boundary in the Eastern Yunnan,China.Kunming:Yunnan Press.1-154
MISSARZHEVSKY V V,1974.New data on the oldest fossils of the Early Cambrian of the Siberian Platform.In:Zhuravleva I T,Rozanov A Yu(eds),Biostraigrafiya and Paleontology of the Lower Cambrian of Europe and Northern Asia.179-189 (in Russian)
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