地形因素对白龙江流域甘肃段泥石流灾害的影响及权重分析
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摘要
白龙江流域甘肃段是我国四大泥石流灾害多发地区之一,其中地形条件是形成泥石流的关键因素。文章在实地调查研究区内发育的1 008条泥石流沟的基础上,通过统计分析沟床比降、沟坡坡度、流域面积和相对高差4个主要地形因素数据与泥石流灾害的类型及易发程度的关系,研究其对泥石流灾害形成的影响。通过熵权法计算4个因素的权重,由权重大小排序分析了它们对泥石流灾害形成的贡献程度。结果表明:在200‰～400‰区间内的沟床比降、坡度大于30°的沟坡、相对高差大于300 m的山体、小于10 km~2的流域面积对泥石流的形成和运动最为有利;对泥石流灾害形成贡献程度最大的为沟床比降,其次为相对高差和流域面积,最小的为沟坡坡度。该研究结果对此区域内泥石流灾害的监测预警及防治有一定指导意义。
The Gansu segment of the Bailongjiang River is one of the four major debris flow disaster areas in China. Topography is the key factor for the formation of debris flows. In this paper,the impacts of topographical factors on debris flows at the Gansu segment of the Bailongjiang River Basin are examined based on a statistical analysis of the relationship between the main topographical factors,such as the groove gradient,gully slope,relative elevation difference,drainage area and the debris flows' types,and the susceptibility by investigation of1 008 debris flows in the study area. The contribution degree to the formation of debris flows is analyzed by ranking the weights of the 4 factors which are calculated by the entropy method. The results show that the groove gradient in the range of 200‰-400‰,slope greater than 30 degrees,relative elevation difference greater than300 m,less than 10 km~2 of drainage area are beneficial to the formation and movement of debris flows. The greatest contribution degree to the formation of debris flows is the groove gradient,followed by the relative elevation difference and drainage area,and the smallest is the gully slope. The results of this study are of guided significances for the monitoring,warning and prevention of debris flow disasters in this area.
The Gansu segment of the Bailongjiang River is one of the four major debris flow disaster areas in China. Topography is the key factor for the formation of debris flows. In this paper,the impacts of topographical factors on debris flows at the Gansu segment of the Bailongjiang River Basin are examined based on a statistical analysis of the relationship between the main topographical factors,such as the groove gradient,gully slope,relative elevation difference,drainage area and the debris flows' types,and the susceptibility by investigation of1 008 debris flows in the study area. The contribution degree to the formation of debris flows is analyzed by ranking the weights of the 4 factors which are calculated by the entropy method. The results show that the groove gradient in the range of 200‰-400‰,slope greater than 30 degrees,relative elevation difference greater than300 m,less than 10 km~2 of drainage area are beneficial to the formation and movement of debris flows. The greatest contribution degree to the formation of debris flows is the groove gradient,followed by the relative elevation difference and drainage area,and the smallest is the gully slope. The results of this study are of guided significances for the monitoring,warning and prevention of debris flow disasters in this area.
引文
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[16]胡向德,黎志恒,魏洁,等.舟曲县三眼峪沟特大型泥石流的形成和运动特征[J].水文地质工程地质,2011,38(4):82-87.[HU X D,LI Z H,WEI J,et al. Formation and kinematic characteristics of the debris flow disaster at the Sanyanyu gulley,Zhouqu County of Gansu Province[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2011,38(4):82-87.(in Chinese)]
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[18]韩征,徐林荣,苏志满,等.基于流域形态完整系数的泥石流容重计算方法[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(2):100-105.[HAN Z,XU L R,SU Z M,et al. Research on the method for calculating the bulk density of debris flow based on the integrity coefficient of watershed morphology[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2012,39(2):100-105.(in Chinese)]
[2]赵忠海,朱红军.基于GIS的北京山区泥石流影响因素及发生概率评价[J].资源环境与工程,2010,24(4):412-415.[ZHAO Z H,ZHU H J.Occurrence probability evaluationand influencing factors of debris flow in Beijing mountainous area based on GIS[J]. Resources Environment and Engineering,2010,24(4):412-415.(in Chinese)]
[3]伦国星,周斌,等.地形条件对兰州市泥石流灾害形成影响分析[J].甘肃地质,2011,20(4):65-70.[LUN G X,ZHOU B,et al. Impact of landform to debris flow disasters in Lanzhou[J]. Gansu Geology,2011,20(4):65-70.(in Chinese)]
[4]薛强,曾庆铭,徐继维.都江堰市龙池镇煤炭坪泥石流形成条件及特征[J].自然灾害学报,2015,24(2):115-121.[XUE Q,ZENG Q M,XU J W.Formation conditions and characteristics of Meitanping gully debris flow in Longchi Town,Dujiangyan City[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters,2015,24(2):115-121.(in Chinese)]
[5]冯茵,杨武年,张林等.岷江上游地貌侵蚀对泥石流发育的影响[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2013,24(2):16-25.[FENG Y,YANG W N,ZHANG L,et al. Influence of geomorphology erosion on debris flow development on upperstream of Minjiang River[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2013,24(2):16-25.(in Chinese)]
[6]杨东旭,游勇,陈晓清,等.汶川震区狭陡型泥石流典型特征与防治[J].水文地质工程地质,2015,42(1):146-153.[YANG D X,YOU Y,CHEN X Q, et al. Typical characteristics and mitigation of debris flow in narrow-steep gullies in the Wenchuan earthquake areas[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2015,42(1):146-153.(in Chinese)]
[7]余斌,王涛,朱渊.浅层滑坡诱发沟谷泥石流的地形和降雨条件[J].水科学进展,2016,27(4):542-550.[YU B,WANG T,ZHU Y. Research on the topographical and rainfall factors of debris flows caused by shallow landslides[J]. Advances in Water Science,2016,27(4):542-550.(in Chinese)]
[8]张鹏丽,李育.地形要素对西北干旱区河谷型城市泥石流的影响[J].兰州大学学报(自然资源版),2017,53(5):593-597.[ZHANG P L,LI Y. Influence of topographical factors on debris flow in valley cities in northwest China[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2017,53(5):593-597.(in Chinese)]
[9]张以晨,秦胜伍,翟健健,等.基于信息量的长白山地区泥石流易发性评价[J].水文地质工程地质,2018,45(2):150-158.[ZHANG Y C,QIN S W,ZHAI J J,et al. Susceptibility assessment of debris flow based on GIS and weight information for the Changbai mountain area[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2018,45(2):150-158.(in Chinese)]
[10]曾群华,徐长乐,向云波,等.泥石流沟地形因素危险性的可拓学评价——以重庆市北碚区为例[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2010,21(3):72-78.[ZENG Q H,XU C L,XIANG Y B,et al. The extension assessment of the terrain factor of debris flow hazard:a case study in Beibei Chongqing[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2010,21(3):72-78.(in Chinese)]
[11]朱云波,余斌,王治兵,等.四川德昌茨达“8·24”群发性滑坡泥石流之地形条件[J].山地学报,2015,33(1):108-115.[ZHU Y B, YU B,WANG Z B,et al. Topographic research of groupoccurring landslide-induced debris flow in Dechang,Sichuan[J]. Mountain Research,2015,33(1):108-115.(in Chinese)]
[12]马煜,李彩侠.地形因子对四川龙溪河流域泥石流发生的影响[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2018,29(2):16-25.[MA Y,LI C X. Effect of topographic factor on the formation of debris flows in Longxi River area,Sichuan Province[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2018,29(2):16-25.(in Chinese)]
[13]贾贵义,全永庆,黎志恒,等.基于组合赋权法的白龙江流域甘肃段地质灾害危险性评价[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(5):1227-1236.[JIA G Y,QUAN Y Q,LI Z H,et al. Geo-hazards assessment for the Gansu segment in Bailongjiang River basin based on combination weighting method[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2014,36(5):1227-1236.(in Chinese)]
[14]韩金华.基于GIS的白龙江流域泥石流危险性评价研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2010.[HAN J H.Study on GIS-based risk assessment on debris flows of Bailong Basin[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2010.(in Chinese)]
[15]赵艳萍.白龙江流域泥石流分布规律及其影响因素研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2013.[ZHAO Y P.Study on the regularity of debris flow distribution and influence factors in Bailong River Basin.[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2013.(in Chinese)]
[16]胡向德,黎志恒,魏洁,等.舟曲县三眼峪沟特大型泥石流的形成和运动特征[J].水文地质工程地质,2011,38(4):82-87.[HU X D,LI Z H,WEI J,et al. Formation and kinematic characteristics of the debris flow disaster at the Sanyanyu gulley,Zhouqu County of Gansu Province[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2011,38(4):82-87.(in Chinese)]
[17]中华人民共和国国土资源部.泥石流灾害防治工程勘察规范:DZ/T 0220—2006[S].北京:中华人民共和国国土资源部,2006.[Ministry of Land and Resources of the People’s Republic of China. Code for Investigation of Mitigation and Prevention Engineering of Debris Flow:DZ/T0220—2006[S].Beijing:Ministry of Land and Resources of the People’s Republic of China,2006.(in Chinese)]
[18]韩征,徐林荣,苏志满,等.基于流域形态完整系数的泥石流容重计算方法[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(2):100-105.[HAN Z,XU L R,SU Z M,et al. Research on the method for calculating the bulk density of debris flow based on the integrity coefficient of watershed morphology[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2012,39(2):100-105.(in Chinese)]
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