短叶片低压边对水泵水轮机空化性能的影响
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摘要
为探究短叶片低压边位置对高水头长短叶片水泵水轮机转轮空化性能的影响,针对其转轮的结构特点,设计具有不同低压边位置的短叶片方案。以低压边在上冠位置直径与转轮喉部直径的比值,从大到小依次命名为方案A、B、C,比值越小低压边位置越靠后。采用Rayleigh-Plesset空化模型对三方案分别进行3个水轮机工况和2个水泵工况的定常数值模拟,对比分析计算工况下各转轮的空化形态及能量特性。结果表明:在水轮机方式,小流量工况下随着短叶片低压边位置后移,转轮空化性能得到改善,而在大、中流量工况下方案B的转轮空化性能最优。在水泵方式,高扬程工况下转轮空化程度随低压边位置后移先减缓后加剧,低扬程工况下方案A的低压边位置最利于改善空化性能。综合考虑水轮机方式和水泵方式,直径比值为0.9487的方案B空化性能较优,效率和扬程相对较高。对后续高水头水泵水轮机转轮水力优化设计具有指导意义。
To investigate the influence of the low pressure edge locations of short blades on the cavitation performance of a high-head pump-turbine with a splitter blade runner, three types of short blades are designed with the different locations according to the structural characteristics of splitter blade runners.The short blades are named as Scheme A, B, and C from the largest to smallest ratio of the diameter of low pressure edges at the upper crown over the runner diameter at the throat. A smaller ratio indicates the low pressure edges located further behind. We use a Rayleigh-Plesset cavitation model to simulate the steady states of the pump-turbine under three turbine conditions and two pump conditions, and compare the forms and energy of cavitation in the pump-turbine. The results show that at low flow rates, the cavitation performance of the runner is improved as the low pressure edges are moved backward, while at high and medium flow rates, Scheme B is better. In pump modes, the cavitation degree of the runner at high working heads is lowered first and then aggravated with the relative edge location moving backward,while the low pressure side in scheme A is most conducive at low heads. Considering both working modes,we conclude that Scheme B with a diameter ratio of 0.9487 is better in cavitation performance and its efficiency and working head are higher.
To investigate the influence of the low pressure edge locations of short blades on the cavitation performance of a high-head pump-turbine with a splitter blade runner, three types of short blades are designed with the different locations according to the structural characteristics of splitter blade runners.The short blades are named as Scheme A, B, and C from the largest to smallest ratio of the diameter of low pressure edges at the upper crown over the runner diameter at the throat. A smaller ratio indicates the low pressure edges located further behind. We use a Rayleigh-Plesset cavitation model to simulate the steady states of the pump-turbine under three turbine conditions and two pump conditions, and compare the forms and energy of cavitation in the pump-turbine. The results show that at low flow rates, the cavitation performance of the runner is improved as the low pressure edges are moved backward, while at high and medium flow rates, Scheme B is better. In pump modes, the cavitation degree of the runner at high working heads is lowered first and then aggravated with the relative edge location moving backward,while the low pressure side in scheme A is most conducive at low heads. Considering both working modes,we conclude that Scheme B with a diameter ratio of 0.9487 is better in cavitation performance and its efficiency and working head are higher.
引文
[1]杜荣幸,王庆,榎本保之,等.长短叶片转轮水泵水轮机在清远抽水蓄能电站中的应用[J].水电与抽水蓄能,2016,2(5):39-44.DU Rongxing,WANG Qing,ENOMOTO Yasuyuki,et al.Application of splitter blade runner pump turbine in Qingyuan pump storage station[J].Hydropower and Pump Storage,2016,2(5):39-44.(in Chinese)
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[3]KUBOTA Kazumasa,WATANABE.The advantage for the application of splitter blades runner in super high head large capacity pump turbine[C].23th IAHR Symposium,Oct.2006,2(1):55-58.
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[7]LAI X D,LIANG Q W,CHEN X M,et al.Experimental investigation of flows in a high-head pump-turbine draft tube at turbine mode[J].IOP Conf.Series:Earth and Environmental Science,2018,163:012119.Doi:10.1088/1755-1315/163/1/012119.
[8]阮辉.低比转速混流式水轮机转轮三维设计与优化[D].西安:西安理工大学,2012.RUAN Hui.Three dimensional design and optimization for low-specific speed Francis runners[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Technology,2012.(in Chinese)
[9]Hydraulic turbines,storage pumps and pump-turbines Model acceptance tests:IEC 60193[S].1999.
[10]ROMEO S R,SEBASTIAN M,IOAN A.Numerical analysis of cavitation inception in Francis turbine[C]//Lausanne:21st IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems,2002.
[11]徐洪泉,王万鹏,廖翠林,等.水轮机空化系数定义及相似性探讨[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(4):209-214.XU Hongquan,WANG Wanpeng,LIAO Cuilin,et al.Study on cavitation similarity and definition of cavitation coefficient of hydraulic turbine[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2013,32(4):209-214.(in Chinese)
[12]LIN H,STOREY B D,SZERI A J.Inertially driven inhomogeneities in violently collapsing bubbles:The validity of the Rayleigh-Plesset equation[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2002,452:145-162.Doi:10.1017/S00221 12001006693.ISSN 0022-1120.
[13]LIU J T,LIU S H,WU Y L,et al.Numerical investigation of the hump characteristic of a pump-turbine based on an improved cavitation model[J].Computers and Fluids,2012,68:105-111.
[14]罗丽,赖喜德,朱李,等.混流式水轮机改造前后内部流动特性对比分析[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(8):80-86.LUO Li,LAI Xide,ZHU Li,et al.Internal flow analysis of Francis turbines before and after update[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2016,35(8):80-86.(in Chinese)
[15]CELEBIOGLU K,ALTINTAS B,ARADAG S,et al.Numerical research of cavitation on Francis turbine runners[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2017,42(28):17771-17781.
[16]TAO R,XIAO R F,ZHU D,et al.Predicting the inception cavitation of a reversible pump-turbine in pump mode[J].Journal of Physics:Conference Series,2015,656:012077.
[17]YANG W,XIAO R F.Multi-objective optimization design of a pump-turbine impeller based on an inverse design using a combination optimization strategy[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering,2013,136(1):141-149.
[18]LIU G C,ZUO Z G,SUN Y K.Experimental evidence of cavitation influences on the positive slope on the pump performance curve of a low specific speed model pump turbine[J].Renewable Energy,2017,113:1539-1550.
[2]王焕茂,覃大清,魏显著,等.哈电混流式水泵水轮机长短叶片转轮水力研发及进展[J].水电与抽水蓄能,2016,2(3):38-43.WANG Huanmao,QIN Daqing,WEI Xianzhu,et al.Hydraulic research and development of splitter blade runner for Harbin electric mixed flow pump turbine[J].Hydropower and Pump Storage,2016,2(3):38-43.(in Chinese)
[3]KUBOTA Kazumasa,WATANABE.The advantage for the application of splitter blades runner in super high head large capacity pump turbine[C].23th IAHR Symposium,Oct.2006,2(1):55-58.
[4]阮辉,罗兴锜,廖伟丽,等.叶片低压边厚度对水泵水轮机空化性能与强度的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(15):32-39.RUAN Hui,LUO Xingqi,LIAO Weili,et al.Effects of low pressure edge thickness on cavitation performance and strength for pump-turbine[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(15):32-39.(in Chinese)
[5]阮辉,廖伟丽,赵亚萍,等.叶片高压边安放角对高水头水泵水轮机性能的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2015,33(3):220-225.RUAN Hui,LIAO Weili,ZHAO Yaping,et al.Effects of blade angle at high pressure end on performance of pump-turbine with high head[J].Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery Engineering,2015,33(3):220-225.(in Chinese)
[6]杜荣幸,陈梁年,德宫健男,等.清远长短叶片水泵水轮机水力研究及模型试验[J].水电站机电技术,2015,38(2):12-15.DU Rongxing,CHEN Liangnian,TOKUMIYA Keno,et al.Hydraulic research and model test of pump turbine with splitter blade at Qingyuan pumped storage hydropower station[J].Mechanical&Electrical Technique of Hydropower Station,2015,38(2):12-15.(in Chinese)
[7]LAI X D,LIANG Q W,CHEN X M,et al.Experimental investigation of flows in a high-head pump-turbine draft tube at turbine mode[J].IOP Conf.Series:Earth and Environmental Science,2018,163:012119.Doi:10.1088/1755-1315/163/1/012119.
[8]阮辉.低比转速混流式水轮机转轮三维设计与优化[D].西安:西安理工大学,2012.RUAN Hui.Three dimensional design and optimization for low-specific speed Francis runners[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Technology,2012.(in Chinese)
[9]Hydraulic turbines,storage pumps and pump-turbines Model acceptance tests:IEC 60193[S].1999.
[10]ROMEO S R,SEBASTIAN M,IOAN A.Numerical analysis of cavitation inception in Francis turbine[C]//Lausanne:21st IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems,2002.
[11]徐洪泉,王万鹏,廖翠林,等.水轮机空化系数定义及相似性探讨[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(4):209-214.XU Hongquan,WANG Wanpeng,LIAO Cuilin,et al.Study on cavitation similarity and definition of cavitation coefficient of hydraulic turbine[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2013,32(4):209-214.(in Chinese)
[12]LIN H,STOREY B D,SZERI A J.Inertially driven inhomogeneities in violently collapsing bubbles:The validity of the Rayleigh-Plesset equation[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2002,452:145-162.Doi:10.1017/S00221 12001006693.ISSN 0022-1120.
[13]LIU J T,LIU S H,WU Y L,et al.Numerical investigation of the hump characteristic of a pump-turbine based on an improved cavitation model[J].Computers and Fluids,2012,68:105-111.
[14]罗丽,赖喜德,朱李,等.混流式水轮机改造前后内部流动特性对比分析[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(8):80-86.LUO Li,LAI Xide,ZHU Li,et al.Internal flow analysis of Francis turbines before and after update[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2016,35(8):80-86.(in Chinese)
[15]CELEBIOGLU K,ALTINTAS B,ARADAG S,et al.Numerical research of cavitation on Francis turbine runners[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2017,42(28):17771-17781.
[16]TAO R,XIAO R F,ZHU D,et al.Predicting the inception cavitation of a reversible pump-turbine in pump mode[J].Journal of Physics:Conference Series,2015,656:012077.
[17]YANG W,XIAO R F.Multi-objective optimization design of a pump-turbine impeller based on an inverse design using a combination optimization strategy[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering,2013,136(1):141-149.
[18]LIU G C,ZUO Z G,SUN Y K.Experimental evidence of cavitation influences on the positive slope on the pump performance curve of a low specific speed model pump turbine[J].Renewable Energy,2017,113:1539-1550.
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