白银东大沟水体和底泥中重金属污染评价
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摘要
为了给白银东大沟河道生态治理和底泥处理风险评价提供科学参考,分析了东大沟水体中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、As、Hg和底泥中Cr、Zn、Pb、Cu、Cd、Hg重金属的含量水平、分布特征及含量变化趋势,并采用内梅罗综合指数法和潜在生态风险指数法分别对水体和沉积底泥中的重金属污染累积程度、潜在风险进行评价。研究结果表明,东大沟水体中6种重金属平均含量在0.005 7～4.796 0 mg/L之间,其含量大小依次为Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb>As>Hg。随水流方向,水体中As含量表现为升高趋势,其余重金属含量则呈显著降低趋势。底泥中6种重金属平均含量在(61.6～5 999.3)×10-6之间,其含量大小依次为Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd>Cr>Hg。东大沟河段底泥中的重金属含量有起伏,但整体表现为随水流方向含量显著降低的趋势。参照相关评价标准,东大沟水体的主要重金属污染物为Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd,其单因子污染程度Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu,综合指数评价表明东大沟水体存在不同程度的污染;底泥主要重金属污染物为Cd、Hg、Pb、Cu,为复合污染,其生态危害风险程度Cd>Hg>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cr,潜在生态风险指数评价表明东大沟大部分河段底泥潜在生态风险指数为严重。
In order to provide scientific reference for the ecological control of the water and the risk assessment of sediment treatment,the authors analyzed the content level,the distribution characteristics and the content change trend of heavy metals such as Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,As and Hg in water and Cr,Zn,Pb,Cu,Cd and Hg in sediments. The Nemerow Index and the Potential Ecological Risk Index were used to evaluate the accumulation degree and potential risk of heavy metal pollution in water bodies and sediments. The results show that the average content of six heavy metals in water is in the range of 0.005 7 ～ 4.796 0 mg/L,and the content exhibits the order of Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb>As>Hg. The content of As in the water body shows an increasing trend with water flow,while the other heavy metals content in water decreases obviously with the water flow. The average content of six heavy metals in the sediments is in the range of( 61.6～5 999.3) ×10-6,with the order of Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd>Cr>Hg. The content of heavy metals in the sediments of the river sections has undulating changes,but the overall change trend is that the content of heavy metals in the sediments decreases obviously with flowing water. The main heavy metal pollutants in Dongdagou water are Cu,Pb,Zn and Cd,and the single factor pollution degree is in order of Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu. The Dongdagou water evaluated by the Nemerow Index shows that there are different degrees of polluted water in the river. The contaminations in sediments are heavy metal pollutants Cd,Hg,Pb and Cu,and the degree of ecological risk is in order of Cd>Hg>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cr. The evaluation of the sediments in Dongdagou by using the Potential Ecological Risk Index shows that the total potential ecological risk index of the sediments in the whole section of Dongdagou is serious.
In order to provide scientific reference for the ecological control of the water and the risk assessment of sediment treatment,the authors analyzed the content level,the distribution characteristics and the content change trend of heavy metals such as Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,As and Hg in water and Cr,Zn,Pb,Cu,Cd and Hg in sediments. The Nemerow Index and the Potential Ecological Risk Index were used to evaluate the accumulation degree and potential risk of heavy metal pollution in water bodies and sediments. The results show that the average content of six heavy metals in water is in the range of 0.005 7 ～ 4.796 0 mg/L,and the content exhibits the order of Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb>As>Hg. The content of As in the water body shows an increasing trend with water flow,while the other heavy metals content in water decreases obviously with the water flow. The average content of six heavy metals in the sediments is in the range of( 61.6～5 999.3) ×10-6,with the order of Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd>Cr>Hg. The content of heavy metals in the sediments of the river sections has undulating changes,but the overall change trend is that the content of heavy metals in the sediments decreases obviously with flowing water. The main heavy metal pollutants in Dongdagou water are Cu,Pb,Zn and Cd,and the single factor pollution degree is in order of Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu. The Dongdagou water evaluated by the Nemerow Index shows that there are different degrees of polluted water in the river. The contaminations in sediments are heavy metal pollutants Cd,Hg,Pb and Cu,and the degree of ecological risk is in order of Cd>Hg>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cr. The evaluation of the sediments in Dongdagou by using the Potential Ecological Risk Index shows that the total potential ecological risk index of the sediments in the whole section of Dongdagou is serious.
引文
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[13]张丹,王鑫羽,周富强,等.白银市东大沟上游河道重金属污染现状及治理方法[J].现代农业科技,2013(16):224-224.Zhang D,Wang X Y,Zhou F Q,et al. Status and treatment of heavy metal pollution in the upper reaches of Dongdagou,Baiyin city[J]. Modern Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2013(16):224-224.
[14]韩冰.白银市污水灌溉对农田环境及小麦产量质量的影响研究[J].甘肃农业科技,2000(6):46-47.Han B. Study on the influence of sewage irrigation in Baiyin city on farmland environment and wheat yield and quality[J]. Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology,2000(6):46-47.
[15]刘白林.甘肃白银东大沟流域农田土壤重金属污染现状及其在土壤—作物—人体系统中的迁移转化规律[D].兰州:兰州大学,2017.Liu B L. Heavy metal contamination in farmland soils and it transfer in the soil-crop-human system within the Dongdagou watershed,Baiyin,Gansu[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2017.
[16]黄河上游白银段东大沟流域重金属污染整治与生态系统修复规划[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2012.Heavy metal pollution remediation and ecosystem restoration planning in the Dongdagou watershed of the upper section of the Yellow River[M]. Beijing:Peking University Press,2012.
[17] SL187-96水质采样技术规程[S].SL187-96 Technical regulation of water quality sampling[S].
[18] GB5084-92农田灌溉水质标准[S].GB5084-92 Standards for irrigation water quality[S].
[19]于国强,李占斌,张霞,等.土壤水盐动态的BP神经网络模型及灰色关联分析[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(11):74-79.Yu G Q,Li Z B,Zhang X,et al. Dynamic simulation of soil water-salt using BP neural net-work model and grey correlation analysis[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2009,25(11):74-79.
[20]阎伍玖,陈飞星.长江安徽马鞍山段水质评价研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(4):104-107.Yan W J,Chen F X. Water quality assessment on Yangtze River near Maanshan Anhui Province[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,14(4):104-107.
[21] GB3838-2002地表水环境质量标准[S].GB3838-2002 Environmental quality standards for surface water[S].
[22] Hakanson L.An ecology risk index for aquatic pollution control:A sedimentological approach[J]. Water Research,1980,14:975-1001.
[23]梅明,文磊,戚俊磊,等.河流底泥重金属形态分析及污染评价方法综述[J].价值工程,2016,35(9):8-11.Mei M,Wen L,Qi J L,et al. Review on methods of morphological analysis of heavy metals in river sediment and pollution Evaluation[J]. Value Engineering,2016,35(9):8-11.
[24]杨潇瀛,张力文,张凤君,等.土壤重金属污染潜在风险评价[J].世界地质,2011,30(1):103-109.Yang X Y,Zhang L W,Zhang F J,et al. Potential risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in soil[J]. Global Geology,2011,30(1):103-109.
[25]中国环境监测中心.中国土壤背景值图集[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.China environmental monitoring center. China soil background value atlas[M]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1990.
[26] Stead-Dexter K,Ward N I. Mobility of heavy metals within freshwater sediments affected by motorway stormwater[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2004,334:271-277.
[27]倪鼎文.白银市东大沟流域重金属污染的防控治理对策研究[J].甘肃科技,2015,31(24):6-8,11.Ni D W.Countermeasures for prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in Dongdagou Watershed of Baiyin City[J]. Gansu Science and Technology,2015,31(24):6-8,11.
[2]于晓霞,赵学强,孙滨峰,等.济南市小清河流域表层沉积物中重金属的空间分布、生态风险及源解析[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2017,42(2):78-84.Yu X X,Zhao X Q,Sun B F,et al. Spatial distribution,ecological risk and source apportionment of heavy metals in sediments from Xiaoqinghe watershed of Jinan[J]. Journal of Southwest China Normal University,2017,42(2):78-84.
[3] Fu J,Hu X,Tao X C,et al. Risk and toxicity assessments of heavy metals in sediments and fishes from The Yangtze River and Taihu Lake,China[J]. Chemosphere,2013,93(9):1887-1895.
[4] Varol M. Assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Tigris River(Turkey)using pollution indices and multivariate statistical techniques[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,195(1):355-364.
[5]黄淦.联用强化混凝与化学沉淀法去除水中重金属离子的研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2008.Huang G. Study on the removal of heavy metal lons in the water by combined intensifying coagulation and chemical precipitating[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2008.
[6]黄飞,王泽煌,蔡昆争,等.大宝山尾矿库区水体重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(11):1701-1708.Huang F,Wang Z H,Cai K Z,et al. Pollution characteristics and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in water of Tailing zone in dabaoshan mine,Guangdong Province,China[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(11):1701-1708.
[7] Naicker K,Cukrowska E,Mccarthy T S. Acid mine drainage arising from gold mining activity in Johannesburg,south Africa and Environs[J]. Environmental Pollution,2003,122(1):29-40.
[8]张俊华,卢翠玲,刘玉寒,等.开封城郊河道底泥重金属形态垂向分布特征及风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(6):1192-1201.Zhang J H,Lu C L,Liu Y H,et al. Vertical distribution characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in core sediments from Kaifeng suburban rivers[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(6):1192-1201.
[9] Hakima Z,Mohamed M,Aziza M,et al. Environmental and ecological risk of heavy metals in the marine sediment from Dakhla bay,Morocco[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(9):7970-7981.
[10]李春亮,刘文辉.甘肃省白银市区土壤环境质量评价[J].物探与化探,2012,36(6):1014-1019.Li C L,Liu W H. An assessment of the soil environmental quality in the downtown area of Baiyin city,Gansu Province[J]. Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,2012,36(6):1014-1019.
[11]张素娣,吴世洋.白银东大沟重金属污染现状及综合治理对策[J].世界有色金属,2013(9):72-73.Zhang S Z,Wu S Y. Current status of heavy metal pollution in Dongdagou, Baiyin and comprehensive countermeasures[J].World Nonferrous Metals,2013(9):72-73.
[12]李小虎,汤中立,初凤友.白银矿山水体和沉积物中重金属及其化学形态分布特征[J].地球与环境,2008,36(3):218-224.Li X H,Tang Z L,Chu F Y. Analysis on speciation and transportation of heavy metals in water and sediment in Baiyin mine[J].Earth&Environment,2008,36(3):218-224.
[13]张丹,王鑫羽,周富强,等.白银市东大沟上游河道重金属污染现状及治理方法[J].现代农业科技,2013(16):224-224.Zhang D,Wang X Y,Zhou F Q,et al. Status and treatment of heavy metal pollution in the upper reaches of Dongdagou,Baiyin city[J]. Modern Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2013(16):224-224.
[14]韩冰.白银市污水灌溉对农田环境及小麦产量质量的影响研究[J].甘肃农业科技,2000(6):46-47.Han B. Study on the influence of sewage irrigation in Baiyin city on farmland environment and wheat yield and quality[J]. Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology,2000(6):46-47.
[15]刘白林.甘肃白银东大沟流域农田土壤重金属污染现状及其在土壤—作物—人体系统中的迁移转化规律[D].兰州:兰州大学,2017.Liu B L. Heavy metal contamination in farmland soils and it transfer in the soil-crop-human system within the Dongdagou watershed,Baiyin,Gansu[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2017.
[16]黄河上游白银段东大沟流域重金属污染整治与生态系统修复规划[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2012.Heavy metal pollution remediation and ecosystem restoration planning in the Dongdagou watershed of the upper section of the Yellow River[M]. Beijing:Peking University Press,2012.
[17] SL187-96水质采样技术规程[S].SL187-96 Technical regulation of water quality sampling[S].
[18] GB5084-92农田灌溉水质标准[S].GB5084-92 Standards for irrigation water quality[S].
[19]于国强,李占斌,张霞,等.土壤水盐动态的BP神经网络模型及灰色关联分析[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(11):74-79.Yu G Q,Li Z B,Zhang X,et al. Dynamic simulation of soil water-salt using BP neural net-work model and grey correlation analysis[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2009,25(11):74-79.
[20]阎伍玖,陈飞星.长江安徽马鞍山段水质评价研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(4):104-107.Yan W J,Chen F X. Water quality assessment on Yangtze River near Maanshan Anhui Province[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,14(4):104-107.
[21] GB3838-2002地表水环境质量标准[S].GB3838-2002 Environmental quality standards for surface water[S].
[22] Hakanson L.An ecology risk index for aquatic pollution control:A sedimentological approach[J]. Water Research,1980,14:975-1001.
[23]梅明,文磊,戚俊磊,等.河流底泥重金属形态分析及污染评价方法综述[J].价值工程,2016,35(9):8-11.Mei M,Wen L,Qi J L,et al. Review on methods of morphological analysis of heavy metals in river sediment and pollution Evaluation[J]. Value Engineering,2016,35(9):8-11.
[24]杨潇瀛,张力文,张凤君,等.土壤重金属污染潜在风险评价[J].世界地质,2011,30(1):103-109.Yang X Y,Zhang L W,Zhang F J,et al. Potential risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in soil[J]. Global Geology,2011,30(1):103-109.
[25]中国环境监测中心.中国土壤背景值图集[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.China environmental monitoring center. China soil background value atlas[M]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1990.
[26] Stead-Dexter K,Ward N I. Mobility of heavy metals within freshwater sediments affected by motorway stormwater[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2004,334:271-277.
[27]倪鼎文.白银市东大沟流域重金属污染的防控治理对策研究[J].甘肃科技,2015,31(24):6-8,11.Ni D W.Countermeasures for prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in Dongdagou Watershed of Baiyin City[J]. Gansu Science and Technology,2015,31(24):6-8,11.
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