浙江近海春、夏季蟹类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系
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摘要
根据2015年4月和7月浙江近岸海域单船底拖网调查资料,分析了春、夏两个季节浙江近岸海域蟹类的种类组成、优势种及资源密度分布,采用生态多样性指数和丰度/生物量比较曲线(ABC曲线)分析了群落物种多样性及其动态变化,同时运用典范对应分析(CCA)研究了蟹类群落变化与海洋环境因子的关系。结果表明:浙江沿岸海域春、夏季共捕获蟹类28种,隶属于11科19属,调查海域蟹类主要以暖水性种类占优势;春季优势种为双斑蟳(Charybdis bimaculata)、三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)和日本蟳(Charybdis japonica),夏季优势种为三疣梭子蟹和双斑蟳;两个季节蟹类平均资源密度分别为244.38和585.60 kg/km~2,中北部海域资源密度高于南部海域;种类丰富度指数(D)、物种多样性指数(H′)和种类均匀度指数(J′)三种群落多样性指数均不高,蟹类群落多样性水平处于较低水平;根据ABC曲线评估干扰对蟹类群落的影响可得:春、夏季浙江近岸蟹类群落分别处于严重干扰和中等干扰状态;典范对应分析结果表明:在进行对应分析的9个环境因子中,水深为影响研究海域春夏两季蟹类分布的首要环境因子;盐度(表层和底层)为影响蟹类分布的次要环境因子,其他环境因子也均在一定程度上影响蟹类群落分布。
The coastal waters of Zhejiang Province that contain lots of islands and the water exchange fully in this area were affected by the Yangtze River diluted water, Taiwan warm current, coastal water of Jiangsu Province and the Yellow Sea cold water mass. It was the spawning and feeding grounds of multitudinous crabs because of abundant nutrient salts and food organisms. The crab resources and distribution and community ecology in the East China Sea have been reported since 1990 s but mostly concentrated in the sea that was out of the 30 m's isobath and reported before 2008.Thus, these studies cannot represent the characteristics of crab community in the whole coastal waters of Zhejiang Province due to the small research areas relatively. The current study analyzed the content of coastal crab community including species composition, floristic feature, dominant species, distribution of the resource density, species diversity and the relationship between the community structure and the environmental factors based on the fishery resources in Zhejiang coastal area in 2015 designated survey data using ecosystem diversity indexes, abundance/biomass comparison curve(ABC curve) and canonical correspondence analysis(CCA). The 28 captured crab species were belong to 11 families and 19 genera that were dominated by warm water species with a 78.57%. The dominant species were Charybdis bimaculata, Portunus trituberculatus and Charybdis japonica in spring and Portunus trituberculatus and Charybdis bimaculata in summer. The average resource density was 244.38 and 585.60 kg/km~2 in spring and summer respectively,and the density of middle-north Zhejiang coast area was higher than that of the south part. The average values of species abundance index(D), species diversity index(H′) and species evenness index(J′) were not related, indicating a low crab community diversity. According to the abundance/biomass comparison curve(ABC curve), crab community in spring and summer was seriously and moderately disturbed respectively. The result of Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA) analysis showed that the depth of water was the primary environmental factor regulating the distribution of crab community in all 9 environmental factors, and the salinity was the secondary environmental factor. These results enrich the basic information of crab species diversity in China's coastal waters, which hold a useful scientific significance for understanding the dynamic changes of crab diversity in Zhejiang even the East China Sea. At the same time,it can provide reference for the establishment of marine ecological and environmental protection measures in offshore of Zhejiang Province.
The coastal waters of Zhejiang Province that contain lots of islands and the water exchange fully in this area were affected by the Yangtze River diluted water, Taiwan warm current, coastal water of Jiangsu Province and the Yellow Sea cold water mass. It was the spawning and feeding grounds of multitudinous crabs because of abundant nutrient salts and food organisms. The crab resources and distribution and community ecology in the East China Sea have been reported since 1990 s but mostly concentrated in the sea that was out of the 30 m's isobath and reported before 2008.Thus, these studies cannot represent the characteristics of crab community in the whole coastal waters of Zhejiang Province due to the small research areas relatively. The current study analyzed the content of coastal crab community including species composition, floristic feature, dominant species, distribution of the resource density, species diversity and the relationship between the community structure and the environmental factors based on the fishery resources in Zhejiang coastal area in 2015 designated survey data using ecosystem diversity indexes, abundance/biomass comparison curve(ABC curve) and canonical correspondence analysis(CCA). The 28 captured crab species were belong to 11 families and 19 genera that were dominated by warm water species with a 78.57%. The dominant species were Charybdis bimaculata, Portunus trituberculatus and Charybdis japonica in spring and Portunus trituberculatus and Charybdis bimaculata in summer. The average resource density was 244.38 and 585.60 kg/km~2 in spring and summer respectively,and the density of middle-north Zhejiang coast area was higher than that of the south part. The average values of species abundance index(D), species diversity index(H′) and species evenness index(J′) were not related, indicating a low crab community diversity. According to the abundance/biomass comparison curve(ABC curve), crab community in spring and summer was seriously and moderately disturbed respectively. The result of Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA) analysis showed that the depth of water was the primary environmental factor regulating the distribution of crab community in all 9 environmental factors, and the salinity was the secondary environmental factor. These results enrich the basic information of crab species diversity in China's coastal waters, which hold a useful scientific significance for understanding the dynamic changes of crab diversity in Zhejiang even the East China Sea. At the same time,it can provide reference for the establishment of marine ecological and environmental protection measures in offshore of Zhejiang Province.
引文
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[26]Yang G,Li F,LüZ B,et al.Study on the community structure of crabs in the coastal waters along Shandong Peninsula[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2017,39(8):48-61 [杨刚,李凡,吕振波,等.山东半岛近岸海域蟹类群落结构特征的研究.海洋学报,2017,39(8):48-61]
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[28]Li S F.Status of fish community in East China Sea using the method of abundance biomass comparison(ABC)curve[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2008,15(1):136-144[李圣法.以数量生物量比较曲线评价东海鱼类群落的状况.中国水产科学,2008,15(1):136-144]
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[2]Jason S G,Elizabeth M M,Erika D M,et al.A comparison of the distribution and abundance of European green crabs and American lobsters in the Great Bay Estuary,New Hampshire,USA[J].Fisheries Research,2017,189:10-17
[3]Bertini G,Fransozo A,Melo G.Biodiversity of brachyuran crabs(Crustacea:Decapoda)from non-consolidated sublittoral bottom on the northern coast of S?o Paulo State,Brazil[J].Biodiversity&Conservation,2004,13(12):2185-2207
[4]Andrade L S,Frameschi I F,Costa R C,et al.The assemblage composition and structure of swimming crabs(Portunoidea)in continental shelf waters of southeastern Brazil[J].Continental Shelf Research,2014,94:8-16
[5]Dong Y M,Mao J R.A preliminary survey of crabs in Zhejiang,Zhoushan[J].Journal of Zhejiang Normal College,1956,3(1):278-282[董聿茂,毛节荣.浙江舟山蟹类的初步调查.浙江师范学院学报,1956,3(1):278-282]
[6]Shen J R,Liu R Y.Preliminary studies on the characteristics of the crab fauna of China Seas[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1963,5(5):139-153[沈嘉瑞,刘瑞玉.中国海蟹类区系特点的初步研究.海洋与湖沼,1963,5(5):139-153]
[7]Yu C G,Song H T,Yao G Z.Assessment of the crab stock biomass in the continental shelf waters of the East China Sea[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2004,28(1):41-46[俞存根,宋海棠,姚光展.东海大陆架海域蟹类资源量的评估.水产学报,2004,28(1):41-46]
[8]Yu C G,Song H T,Yao G Z,et al.Composition and distribution of economic crab species in the East China Sea[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2006,37(1):53-60[俞存根,宋海棠,姚光展,等.东海大陆架海域经济蟹类种类组成和数量分布.海洋与湖沼,2006,37(1):53-60]
[9]Yu C G,Song H T,Yao G Z.Crab community structure in the East China Sea[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2005,36(3):213-220[俞存根,宋海棠,姚光展.东海蟹类群落结构特征的研究.海洋与湖沼,2005,36(3):213-220]
[10]Chen X Q,Yu C G,Yu C D,et al.Structural characteristics of crab communities in offshore waters of mid-southern East China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(10):2527-2534[陈小庆,俞存根,虞聪达,等.东海中南部外海蟹类群落结构特征.应用生态学报,2009,20(10):2527-2534]
[11]Xue L J,Lu Z H.Community structure and species diversity of crab in middle East China Sea[J].South China Fisheries Science,2011,7(6):66-71[薛利建,卢占晖.东海中部海域蟹类群落结构及其多样性研究.南方水产科学,2011,7(6):66-71]
[12]Xu Z L.Relationship of crab density distribution with environment in the Oujiang Estuary during summer and autumn[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2009,33(2):237-244[徐兆礼.瓯江口海域夏秋季蟹类数量分布与环境的关系.水产学报,2009,33(2):237-244]
[13]Zheng X Z,Yu C G,Chen X Q,et al.Species composition and spatio-temporal distribution of crabs in Zhoushan fishing ground and its adjacent areas[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2012,43(1):147-153[郑献之,俞存根,陈小庆,等.舟山渔场及邻近海域蟹类种类组成和时空分布.海洋与湖沼,2012,43(1):147-153]
[14]Zhang H L,Zhang L,Chen F,et al.Analysis of crab community characteristics in South Zhejiang coastal areas during spring[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2013,20(5):1050-1056[张洪亮,张龙,陈峰,等.浙江南部近岸海域春季蟹类群落结构特征.中国水产科学,2013,20(5):1050-1056]
[15]Liu R Y.Check List of Marine Biota of China Seas[M].Beijing:Science Press.2008,1072-1189[刘瑞玉.中国海洋生物名录.北京:科学出版社.2008,1072-1189]
[16]Song H T,Yu C G,Xue L J,et al.Economic Shrimp and Crab of East China Sea[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press.2006,1-143[宋海棠,俞存根,薛利建,等.东海经济虾蟹类.北京:海洋出版社.2006,1-143]
[17]General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China.Specifications for Oceanographic Survey-Part 6:Marine Biological Survey[S].Beijing:China Standard Publishing House.2008,56-62[中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫局.海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查.北京:中国标准出版社.2008,56-62]
[18]Pinkas L,Oliphant M S,Iverson L K.Food habits of albacore,bluefin tuna,and bonito in California waters[J].Fishery Bulletin,1971,152:1-105
[19]Aglen A,Flyn L,Godflor,et al.Surveys of the marine fish resources of Peninsular Malaysia,June-July 1980[J].Institute of Marine Research,Bergen,1981,9:1-69
[20]Margalef R.Information theory in ecology[J].General Systematics Advancing Frontiers Plant Sciences,1957,3:37-71
[21]Clarke K R,Warwick R M.Change in Marine Communities:an Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpretation(2nd ed)[M].Plymouth:PRIMPER-E.2001,1-91
[22]Ter Braak C J F.Canonical correspondence analysis a new eigenvector method for multivariate direct gradient analysis[J].Ecology,1986,67:1167-1179
[23]Zhai L,Han D Y,Fu D J,et al.Fish community structure and the relationship with environmental factors in Jiaozhou Bay and adjacent waters[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2014,21(4):810-821[翟璐,韩东燕,傅道军,等.胶州湾及其邻近海域鱼类群落结构及与环境因子的关系.中国水产科学,2014,21(4):810-821]
[24]Liang J L,Zhang S Y,Wang Z H,et al.Community structure and diversity of crabs in Ma’an Archipelago area[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(2):431-440[梁金玲,章守宇,汪振华,等.马鞍列岛海域蟹类群落结构及其多样性.生态学杂志,2016,35(2):431-440]
[25]Xu K D,Lu Z H,Xue L J,et al.Crab community structure in the protected Zhongjieshan islands area[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2012,21(6):1032-1037[徐开达,卢占晖,薛利建,等.中街山列岛保护区蟹类群落结构特征的研究.上海海洋大学学报,2012,21(6):1032-1037]
[26]Yang G,Li F,LüZ B,et al.Study on the community structure of crabs in the coastal waters along Shandong Peninsula[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2017,39(8):48-61 [杨刚,李凡,吕振波,等.山东半岛近岸海域蟹类群落结构特征的研究.海洋学报,2017,39(8):48-61]
[27]Huang Z R.Species composition and quantitative distribution of crabs in the northern continental shelf of South China Sea[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2009,24(6):553-558[黄梓荣.南海北部陆架区蟹类的种类组成和数量分布.大连水产学院学报,2009,24(6):553-558]
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