科学数据管理态势及其对我国地球科学领域的启示
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摘要
科学数据是重要的科技基础条件和国家战略资源。随着大数据时代的到来,全球各国纷纷将科学数据管理纳入国家发展战略。为了完善我国科学数据管理并抓住这个大数据发展机遇,国务院办公厅于2018年3月正式印发《科学数据管理办法》。在这一新的国际、国内数据管理政策环境下,分析归纳了全球11个方面的科学数据管理态势,并剖析了发达国家科学数据中心发展模式,针对我国地球科学领域科学数据管理,提出了科学数据政策制定、科学数据中心建设、科学数据生命周期管理、数据机构能力建设、科学数据认证、数据出版、科学数据回报机制、数据综合集成和安全管理等方面的启示与展望。
Scientific data is an important scientific and technological basis and national strategic resource.With the coming of the era of big data,countries all over the world have added scientific data management into their national development strategies.In order to improve the scientific data management in our country and make full use of the development opportunity from big data,the General Office of the State Council officially issued "The Measures for the Administration of Scientific Data" in March,2018.In the new international and domestic policy on data management,this study analyzed and summarized 11 aspects of international situation of scientific data management,and dissected the development models of developed countries' scientific data centers deeply.And also,the study put forward new ideas for the policy-making of scientific data,the construction of scientific data centers,the life cycle management of scientific data,the capacity building of data organizations,the authentication of scientific data,the publication of data,the return mechanism of the data and the comprehensive integration,and the safety management of the data in the scientific data management of Earth sciences in China.
Scientific data is an important scientific and technological basis and national strategic resource.With the coming of the era of big data,countries all over the world have added scientific data management into their national development strategies.In order to improve the scientific data management in our country and make full use of the development opportunity from big data,the General Office of the State Council officially issued "The Measures for the Administration of Scientific Data" in March,2018.In the new international and domestic policy on data management,this study analyzed and summarized 11 aspects of international situation of scientific data management,and dissected the development models of developed countries' scientific data centers deeply.And also,the study put forward new ideas for the policy-making of scientific data,the construction of scientific data centers,the life cycle management of scientific data,the capacity building of data organizations,the authentication of scientific data,the publication of data,the return mechanism of the data and the comprehensive integration,and the safety management of the data in the scientific data management of Earth sciences in China.
引文
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[30]Si Li,Xing Wenming.Scientific data management and sharing policies in foreign countries:Investigation and inspiration to us[J].Information and Documentation Services,2013,34(1):61-66.[司莉,邢文明.国外科学数据管理与共享政策调查及对我国的启示[J].情报资料工作,2013,34(1):61-66.]
[31]Zhang Xiaoqing,Sheng Xiaoping.A review of foreign policies on open data and data sharing of scientific data[J].Library Tribune,2018,38(8):147-154.[张晓青,盛小平.国外科学数据开放共享政策述评[J].图书馆论坛,2018,38(8):147-154.]
[32]Lin Hai,Wang Juanle.The data archiving work in resource and environment field of national basic research program of China(973 Program)has been officially launched[J].Advances in Earth Science,2008,23(8):895-896.[林海,王卷乐.国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)资源环境领域项目数据汇交工作正式启动[J].地球科学进展,2008,23(8):895-896.]
[33]Li Na,Gao Baihong.Practice and relfect on delivery of the S&T project resource in the personal and healthy[J].China Science&Technology Resources Review,2015,47(5):63-67.[李娜,高百红.人口健康科技项目资源汇交实践与思考[J].中国科技资源导刊,2015,47(5):63-67.]
[34]Zhu Yunqiang,Sun Kai,Yang Yaping,et al.Data resources collection and reorganization for national special program on basic works for science and technology of China[J].China Science&Technology Resources Review,2017,49(5):12-20.[诸云强,孙凯,杨雅萍,等.科技基础性工作数据资料的汇交与整编[J].中国科技资源导刊,2017,49(5):12-20.]
[35]Yang Jie,Song Jia,Zhu Yunqiang,et al.Construction of special data archiving and sharing platform for the science and technology basic work[J].China Science&Technology Resources Review,2017,49(5):52-59,67.[杨杰,宋佳,诸云强,等.科技基础性工作专项数据汇交共享平台建设[J].中国科技资源导刊,2017,49(5):52-59,67.]
[36]Li Xin,Nan Zhuotong,Wu Lizong,et al.Environmental and ecological science data center for West China:Integration and sharing of environmental and ecological data[J].Advances in Earth Science,2008,23(6):628-637.[李新,南卓铜,吴立宗,等.中国西部环境与生态科学数据中心:面向西部环境与生态科学的数据集成与共享[J].地球科学进展,2008,23(6):628-637.]
[37]Nan Zhuotong,Li Xin,Wang Liangxu,et al.Design and implementation of the online data sharing portal of environmental and ecological science data center for West China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2010,32(5):970-975.[南卓铜,李新,王亮绪,等.中国西部环境与生态科学数据中心在线共享平台的设计与实现[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(5):970-975.]
[38]Zhao Zuoquan.The frontier of Earth science:From disciplinary guidance to problem guidance-Characteristics,comparison and reflection of the frontiers of Earth science in the United States and China[J].Science&Technology Review,1994,8:13-15.[赵作权.地球科学前沿走向:从学科导向到问题导向--美、中两国地球科学前沿的特点、比较与思考[J].科技导报,1994,8:13-15.]
[39]Wei Yanqiang,Li Xin,Gao feng,et al.The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDG)and the response strategies of China[J].Advances in Earth Science,2018,33(10):1 084-1 093.[魏彦强,李新,高峰,等.联合国2030年可持续发展目标框架及中国应对策略[J].地球科学进展,2018,33(10):1 084-1 093.]
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[2]Atkinson M,Liew C S,Galea M,et al.Data-intensive architecture for scientific knowledge discovery[J].Distributed&Parallel Databases,2012,30(5/6):307-324.
[3]Liu J,Pacitti E,Valduriez P,et al.A survey of data-intensive acientific workflow management[J].Journal of Grid Computing,2015,13(4):457-493.
[4]Cooper M M.Data-driven education research[J].Science,2007,317(5 842):1 171.
[5]Pentland A.The data-driven society[J].Scientific American,2013,309(4):78.
[6]British Academy.Data Management and Use:Governance in the 21st Century[R].London:The Royal Society,2017.
[7]Editorial.Data sharing and the future of science[J].Nature Communications,2018,9:2 817.
[8]Guo H.Big Earth data:A new frontier in Earth and information sciences[J].Big Earth Data,2017,1(1/2):4-20.
[9]Guo Huadong.Scientific big data-A footstone of national strategy for big data[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2018,33(8):768-773.[郭华东.科学大数据--国家大数据战略的基石[J].中国科学院院刊,2018,33(8):768-773.]
[10]National Science&Technology Infrastructure Center.National Science Data Resource Development Report:2016[M].Beijing:Scientific and Technical Documentation Press,2016.[国家科技基础条件平台中心.国家科学数据资源发展报告:2016[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2016.]
[11]State Council.Action Plan for Promoting Big Data Development[EB/OL].Beijing:State Council,2015.[2018-11-12].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2015-09/05/content_10137.htm.[国务院.促进大数据发展行动纲要[EB/OL].北京:国务院,2015.[2018-11-12].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2015-09/05/content_10137.htm.]
[12]General Office of the State Council.The Measures for the administration of Scientific Data[EB/OL].Beijing:General Office of the State Council,2018.[2018-10-30].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2018-04/02/content_5279272.htm.[国务院办公厅.科学数据管理办法[EB/OL].北京:国务院办公厅,2018.[2018-10-30].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2018-04/02/content_5279272.htm.]
[13]Wang Juanle,Yang Yaping,Zhu Yunqiang,et al.Data archiving progress and datatypes analysis of National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)in resource and environment field[J].Advances in Earth Science,2009,24(8):947-953.[王卷乐,杨雅萍,诸云强,等.“973”计划资源环境领域数据汇交进展与数据分析[J].地球科学进展,2009,24(8):947-953.]
[14]Boulton G.The challenges of a big data Earth[J].Big Earth Data,2018,(5):1-7.
[15]Wang J,Sun J,Zhu Y,et al.A study on the organizational architecture and standard system of the data sharing network of earth system science in china[J].Data Science Journal,2013,12:91-101.
[16]National Science&Technology Infrastructure Center.National Science Data Resource Development Report:2017[M].Beijing:Scientific and Technical Documentation Press,2018.[国家科技基础条件平台中心.国家科学数据资源发展报告:2017[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2018.]
[17]Aurore Nical,Julie Caruso,Eric Archambault.Open Data Access Policies and Strategies in the European Research Area and Beyond[R].Washington:Science-Metrix Inc,2013.
[18]European Commission.Open data:An engine for innovation,growth and transparent governance[J].Open Data Impact,2011,(3):1-13.
[19]Wang Qiaoling,Zhong Yongheng,Jiang Hong.Research on UK scientific data sharing policies and regulations[J].Library Journal,2009,29(3):63-66.[王巧玲,钟永恒,江洪.英国科学数据共享政策法规研究[J].图书馆杂志,2009,29(3):63-66.]
[20]Fu Xiaofeng,Li Jun,Li Jianhui.A survey on international scientific data and its open access[J].China Basic Science,2007,9(2):30-35.[傅小锋,李俊,黎建辉.国际科学数据的发展与共享[J].中国基础科学,2007,9(2):30-35.]
[21]Hu Zhihui.Japan promulgates the basic law on information technology[J].Science and Technology Policy and Development Strategy,2002,(1):26-27.[胡智慧.日本颁布《信息技术基本法》[J].科技政策与发展战略,2002,(1):26-27.]
[22]Ye Yujiang.Strengthen construction of science&technology infrastructure promote sharing service of scientific&technical resources[J].China Science&Technology Resources Review,2016,48(4):1-5.[叶玉江.加强科技基础条件建设提升科技资源共享服务水平[J].中国科技资源导刊,2016,48(4):1-5.]
[23]World Data System.Membership[EB/OL].Tokyo:World Data System,2018.[2018-11-30].http://www.icsu-wds.org/community/membership.
[24]Wang Mingming,Wang Juanle,Zhao Qiang,et al.Experiences and enlightenment of ICPSR scientific data center development[J].China Science&Technology Resources Review,2017,49(6):100-107.[王明明,王卷乐,赵强,等.ICPSR科学数据中心的建设经验与启示[J].中国科技资源导刊,2017,49(6):100-107.]
[25]Wang Yi,Hua Xia,Wang Jianmei.Analysis of the domestic and foreign scientific data management and sharing[J].Science&Technology Progress and Policy,2013,30(14):126-129.[王祎,华夏,王建梅.国内外科学数据管理与共享研究[J].科技进步与对策,2013,30(14):126-129.]
[26]European Union.General Data Protection Regulation[EB/OL].United Kingdom:Official Journal of the European Union,2016.[2018-11-30].https://gdpr-info.eu/.
[27]Guo Chuntao.EU information network security law regulation and its reference significance[J].Netinfo Security,2009,(8):27-30.[郭春涛.欧盟信息网络安全法律规制及其借鉴意义[J].信息网络安全,2009,(8):27-30.]
[28]Han Xuehua,Wang Juanle,Shi Lei,et al.Identification and its inspiration for Netherlands'Data-Seal-of-Approval in scientific data repositories[J].China Science&Technology Resources Review,2018,50(1):14-19.[韩雪华,王卷乐,石蕾,等.荷兰数据认可印章科学数据仓储认证及启示[J].中国科技资源导刊,2018,50(1):14-19.]
[29]Wang Juanle,Sun Jiulin,Yang Yaping,et al.Data archiving practice and consideration of national basic research program of China(973 Program)in resource and environment field[J].China Science&Technology Resources Review,2011,43(3):1-5.[王卷乐,孙九林,杨雅萍,等.973计划资源环境领域项目数据汇交实践与思考[J].中国科技资源导刊,2011,43(3):1-5.]
[30]Si Li,Xing Wenming.Scientific data management and sharing policies in foreign countries:Investigation and inspiration to us[J].Information and Documentation Services,2013,34(1):61-66.[司莉,邢文明.国外科学数据管理与共享政策调查及对我国的启示[J].情报资料工作,2013,34(1):61-66.]
[31]Zhang Xiaoqing,Sheng Xiaoping.A review of foreign policies on open data and data sharing of scientific data[J].Library Tribune,2018,38(8):147-154.[张晓青,盛小平.国外科学数据开放共享政策述评[J].图书馆论坛,2018,38(8):147-154.]
[32]Lin Hai,Wang Juanle.The data archiving work in resource and environment field of national basic research program of China(973 Program)has been officially launched[J].Advances in Earth Science,2008,23(8):895-896.[林海,王卷乐.国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)资源环境领域项目数据汇交工作正式启动[J].地球科学进展,2008,23(8):895-896.]
[33]Li Na,Gao Baihong.Practice and relfect on delivery of the S&T project resource in the personal and healthy[J].China Science&Technology Resources Review,2015,47(5):63-67.[李娜,高百红.人口健康科技项目资源汇交实践与思考[J].中国科技资源导刊,2015,47(5):63-67.]
[34]Zhu Yunqiang,Sun Kai,Yang Yaping,et al.Data resources collection and reorganization for national special program on basic works for science and technology of China[J].China Science&Technology Resources Review,2017,49(5):12-20.[诸云强,孙凯,杨雅萍,等.科技基础性工作数据资料的汇交与整编[J].中国科技资源导刊,2017,49(5):12-20.]
[35]Yang Jie,Song Jia,Zhu Yunqiang,et al.Construction of special data archiving and sharing platform for the science and technology basic work[J].China Science&Technology Resources Review,2017,49(5):52-59,67.[杨杰,宋佳,诸云强,等.科技基础性工作专项数据汇交共享平台建设[J].中国科技资源导刊,2017,49(5):52-59,67.]
[36]Li Xin,Nan Zhuotong,Wu Lizong,et al.Environmental and ecological science data center for West China:Integration and sharing of environmental and ecological data[J].Advances in Earth Science,2008,23(6):628-637.[李新,南卓铜,吴立宗,等.中国西部环境与生态科学数据中心:面向西部环境与生态科学的数据集成与共享[J].地球科学进展,2008,23(6):628-637.]
[37]Nan Zhuotong,Li Xin,Wang Liangxu,et al.Design and implementation of the online data sharing portal of environmental and ecological science data center for West China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2010,32(5):970-975.[南卓铜,李新,王亮绪,等.中国西部环境与生态科学数据中心在线共享平台的设计与实现[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(5):970-975.]
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