四川盆地纵向结构及原型盆地叠合特征
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摘要
位于扬子克拉通西部的四川盆地在前震旦纪基底形成之后经历了多旋回构造演化,长期以来对其在不同地质历史时期的构造动力学性质、盆地类型存在争议;而理清不同时期盆地类型及其叠合特征对于上扬子克拉通盖层演化及油气勘探具有重要意义。作者利用穿过盆地的北西-南东向区域地震反射大剖面,结合钻井、野外地质、区域地质资料,对四川盆地的构造-沉积演化进行剖析,识别出5个区域不整合面,划分出5个盖层构造层,认为在纵向上形成了海相克拉通裂陷盆地(Z-S)、海相克拉通拗陷盆地(P_1l-T_2l)、海陆交互相断陷盆地(T_3x~1-T_3x~3)、陆相拗陷盆地(T_3x~4-J)、前陆盆地(K-Q)等原型盆地的有序叠合。
The Sichuan Basin in the western part of the Yangtze Craton has undergone multi-cyclic tectonic evolution after the formation of the pre-Sinian basement. The natures of the tectonic dynamics and basin types in different geological periods have long been a controversy. Clarifying the basin types and superposition characteristics is important for unravelling the evolution of the sedimentary cover and promoting the oil and gas exploration in the Yangtze Craton. In this paper, data of drilling wells, field and regional geological investigation, northwest-southeast direction regional seismic reflection profile are used to analyze the tectonic-sedimentary evolution of the Sichuan Basin. The research shows that five regional unconformities in the basin and five tectonic layers in the sedimentary cover of the basin are identified, and the prototype basins were successively superimposed in the vertical direction in following order: marine rift cratonic basin(Z-S), marine intra-craton sag basin(P_1l-T_2l), downfaulted basin(T_3x~1-T_3x~3), continental depression basin(T_3x~4-J), and foreland basin(K-Q).
The Sichuan Basin in the western part of the Yangtze Craton has undergone multi-cyclic tectonic evolution after the formation of the pre-Sinian basement. The natures of the tectonic dynamics and basin types in different geological periods have long been a controversy. Clarifying the basin types and superposition characteristics is important for unravelling the evolution of the sedimentary cover and promoting the oil and gas exploration in the Yangtze Craton. In this paper, data of drilling wells, field and regional geological investigation, northwest-southeast direction regional seismic reflection profile are used to analyze the tectonic-sedimentary evolution of the Sichuan Basin. The research shows that five regional unconformities in the basin and five tectonic layers in the sedimentary cover of the basin are identified, and the prototype basins were successively superimposed in the vertical direction in following order: marine rift cratonic basin(Z-S), marine intra-craton sag basin(P_1l-T_2l), downfaulted basin(T_3x~1-T_3x~3), continental depression basin(T_3x~4-J), and foreland basin(K-Q).
引文
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[19] 刘笛笛,杨子荣,杨彦东,等.四川盆地珍珠冲组植物群特点及侏罗系与三叠系界线的厘定[J].地球科学与环境,2009,31(3):254-259.Liu D D,Yang Z R,Yang Y D,et al.Characteristic of the flora in the Zhenzhuchong Formation and the Jurassic-Triassic boundary in the Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2009,31(3):254-259.(in Chinese)
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[21] 陈竹新,贾东,魏国齐,等.川西前陆盆地中-新生代沉积迁移与构造转换[J].中国地质,2008,35(3):472-481.Chen Z X,Jia D,Wei G Q,et al.Meso-Cenozoic sediment transport and tectonic transition in the western Sichuan foreland basin[J].Geology in China,2008,35(3):472-481.(in Chinese)
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[23] 刘树根,罗志立,戴苏兰.龙门山冲断带的隆升和川西前陆盆地的沉降[J].地质学报,1995,69(3):204-214.Liu S G,Luo Z L,Dai S L.The uplift of the Longmenshan thrust belt and subsidence of the western Sichuan foreland basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1995,69(3):204-214.(in Chinese)
[24] Li Y,Allen P A,Densmore A L,et al.Evolution of the Longmen Shan foreland basin (western Sichuan Basin) during the late Triassic Indosinian orogeny[J].Basin Research,2003,15:117-138.
[25] Zhu M,Chen H L,Zhou J,et al.Provenance change from the middle to late Triassic of the southwestern Sichuan Basin,Southwest China:Constraints from the sedimentary record and its tectonic significance[J].Tectonophysics,2017,700/701:92-107.
[26] Meng Q R,Wang E Q,Hu J M.Mesozoic sedimentary evolution of the northwest Sichuan Basin:Implication for continued clockwise rotation of the south China block[J].GSA Bulletin,2005,117(3/4):396-410.
[27] 孟庆任,渠洪杰,胡健民.西秦岭和松潘地体三叠系深水沉积作用[J].中国科学:D辑,2007,37(增刊Ⅰ):209-223.Meng Q R,Qu H J,Hu J M.Triassic deep-water sedimentation in western Qinling and Songpan terrane[J].Science in China (Series D),2007,37(Supplement Ⅰ):209-223.(in Chinese)
[28] 刘旗,王帮全,李振江,等.川西雅江-道孚地区三叠系西康群若干地质问题研究进展与分歧[J].四川地质学报,2003,23(2):70-76.Liu Q,Wang B Q,Li Z J,et al.On some geological problems of the Triassic Xikang Group in Yajiang-Dawu belt,west Sichuan[J].Acta Geologic Sichuan,2003,23(2):70-76.(in Chinese)
[29] 朱占祥,王林彰,赵友年,等.四川西康群的新层序[J].中国区域地质,1993,12(1):18-27.Zhu Z X,Wang L Z,Zhao Y N,et al.A new stratigraphic sequence of the Xikang Group in Sichuan[J].Regional Geology of China,1993,12(1):18-27.(in Chinese)
[30] 梁斌,杨逢清,郭建秋,等.四川雅江县上三叠统雅江组和两河口组深水遗迹化石的发现[J].地质科技情报,2003,22(3):41-44.Liang B,Yang F Q,Guo J Q,et al.Discovery of deep water trace fossils from late Triassic Yajiang Formation and Lianghekou Formation in Yajiang County,Sichuan Province[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2003,22(3):41-44.(in Chinese)
[31] 李玉文.论四川盆地白垩纪地质发展史[J].中国区域地质,1987,6(1):51-56.Li Y W.The cretaceous geological history of the Sichuan Basin[J].Regional Geology of China,1987,6(1):51-56.(in Chinese)
[32] Li Y Q,He D F,Chen L B,et al.Cretaceous sedimentary basins in Sichuan,SW China:Restoration of tectonic and depositional environments[J].Cretaceous Research,2016,57:50-65.
[2] 张恺.中国大陆板块构造与含油气盆地评价[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.Zhang K.Chinese Continental Plate and Petroleum[M].Beijing:Publishing House of Petroleum Industry,1995.(in Chinese)
[3] 赵文智,何登发,宋岩,等.中国陆上主要含油气盆地石油地质基本特征[J].地质论评,1999,45(3):232-240.Zhao W Z,He D F,Song Y,et al.Fundamental characteristics of petroleum geology of major on-land petroleum-bearing basins in China[J].Geological Review,1999,45(3):232-240.(in Chinese)
[4] 王清晨,金之钧.叠合盆地与油气形成富集[J].中国基础科学,2002,(6):4-7.Wang Q C,Jin Z J.Superimposed basin and oil-gas formation and accumulation[J].China Basic Science,2002,(6):4-7.(in Chinese)
[5]贾承造,魏国齐,李本亮.中国中西部小型克拉通盆地群的叠合复合性质及其含油气系统[J].高校地质学报,2005,11(4):497-482.Jia C Z,Wei G Q,Li B L.Superimposed-composite characteristics of micro-craton basins and its bearing petroleum systems,central-western China[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2005,11(4):479-482.(in Chinese)
[6] 贾承造,李本亮,张兴阳,等.中国海相盆地的形成与演化[J].科学通报,2007,52(增刊):1-8.Jia C Z,Li B L,Zhang X Y,et al.Formation and evolution of marine basin in China[J].Science Bulletin,2007,52(Supplement):1-8.(in Chinese)
[7] Zhang K,Wang J L.Petroleum exploration of craton basins in China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(1):117-126.
[8] Korsch R J,Mai H Z,Sun Z C,et al.The Sichuan Basin,Southwest China:A late Proterozoic (Sinian) petroleum province[J].Precambrian Research,1991,54:45-63.
[9] 张岳桥,董树文,李建华,等.中生代多向挤压构造作用与四川盆地的形成和改造[J].中国地质,2011,38(2):233-250.Zhang Y Q,Dong S W,Li J H,et al.Mesozoic multi-directional compressional tectonics and formation-reformation of Sichuan Basin[J].Geology in China,2011,38(2):233-250.(in Chinese)
[10] 刘树根,李智武,孙玮,等.四川含油气叠合盆地基本特征[J].地质科学,2011,46(1):233-257.Liu S G,Li Z W,Sun W,et al.Basic geological features of superimposed basin and hydrocarbon accumulation in Sichuan Basin,China[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2011,46(1):233-257.(in Chinese)
[11] Li Z X,Bogdanova S V,Collins A S,et al.Assembly,configuration,and break-up history of Rodinia:A synthesis[J].Precambrian Research,2007,160(1/2):179-210.
[12] Song X Y,Zhou M F,Cao Z M,et al.Late Permian rifting of South China Craton caused by the Emeishan mantle plume[J].Journal of the Geological Society,2004,161:773-781.
[13] 何登发,李德生,张国伟,等.四川多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].地质科学,2011,46(3):589-606.He D F,Li D S,Zhang G W,et al.Formation and evolution of multi-cycle superposed Sichuan Basin,China[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2011,46(3):589-606.(in Chinese)
[14] 李忠权,麻成斗,应丹琳,等.川渝地区构造动力学演化与盆岭-盆山耦合构造分析[J].岩石学报,2014,30(3):631-640.Li Z Q,Ma C D,Ying D L,et al.Tectonic dynamic evolution and analysis of basin-range coupling and basin-mountain coupling in Sichuan-Chongqing region,China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2014,30(3):631-640.(in Chinese)
[15] 邹才能,徐春春,李伟,等.川东石炭系大型岩性地层气藏形成条件与勘探方向[J].石油学报,2010,31(1):18-24.Zou C N,Xu C C,Li W,et al.The formation conditions and exploration targets of large Carboniferous lithologic and stratigraphic gas pools in the eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(1):18-24.(in Chinese)
[16] 李忠权,张寿庭,陈更生,等.准噶尔南缘拉张伸展角度不整合的形成机理及动力学意义[J].成都理工学院学报,1998,25(1):117-118.Li Z Q,Zhang S T,Chen G S,et al.Forming mechanism and dynamic significance of extensional angular unconformity in the south border of Junggar Basin[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,1998,25(1):117-118.(in Chinese)
[17] 李剑波,付菊,任青松.四川盆地须家河组地层划分方案讨论[J].地层学杂志,2010,34(4):423-430.Li J B,Fu J,Ren Q S.Discussion on the correlation of the Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2010,34(4):423-430.(in Chinese)
[18] 孟繁松,陈辉明,李旭兵.四川盆地非海相三叠系-侏罗系界线研究[J].地层学杂志,2005,29(增刊):565-573.Meng F S,Chen H M,Li X B.Study of the non-marine Triassic-Jurassic boundary in the Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2005,29(Supplement):565-573.(in Chinese)
[19] 刘笛笛,杨子荣,杨彦东,等.四川盆地珍珠冲组植物群特点及侏罗系与三叠系界线的厘定[J].地球科学与环境,2009,31(3):254-259.Liu D D,Yang Z R,Yang Y D,et al.Characteristic of the flora in the Zhenzhuchong Formation and the Jurassic-Triassic boundary in the Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2009,31(3):254-259.(in Chinese)
[20] 王二七,孟庆任.对龙门山中生代和新生代构造演化的讨论[J].中国科学:D辑,2008,38(10):1221-1233.Wang E Q,Meng Q R.Discussions on the tectonic evolution of the Longmen Shan from Mesozoic to Cenozoic[J].Science in China (Series D),2008,38(10):1221-1233.(in Chinese)
[21] 陈竹新,贾东,魏国齐,等.川西前陆盆地中-新生代沉积迁移与构造转换[J].中国地质,2008,35(3):472-481.Chen Z X,Jia D,Wei G Q,et al.Meso-Cenozoic sediment transport and tectonic transition in the western Sichuan foreland basin[J].Geology in China,2008,35(3):472-481.(in Chinese)
[22] Chen S F,Wilson C L,Luo Z L,et al.The evolution of the Western Sichuan Foreland Basin,southwestern China[J].Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences,1994,10(3/4):159-168.
[23] 刘树根,罗志立,戴苏兰.龙门山冲断带的隆升和川西前陆盆地的沉降[J].地质学报,1995,69(3):204-214.Liu S G,Luo Z L,Dai S L.The uplift of the Longmenshan thrust belt and subsidence of the western Sichuan foreland basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1995,69(3):204-214.(in Chinese)
[24] Li Y,Allen P A,Densmore A L,et al.Evolution of the Longmen Shan foreland basin (western Sichuan Basin) during the late Triassic Indosinian orogeny[J].Basin Research,2003,15:117-138.
[25] Zhu M,Chen H L,Zhou J,et al.Provenance change from the middle to late Triassic of the southwestern Sichuan Basin,Southwest China:Constraints from the sedimentary record and its tectonic significance[J].Tectonophysics,2017,700/701:92-107.
[26] Meng Q R,Wang E Q,Hu J M.Mesozoic sedimentary evolution of the northwest Sichuan Basin:Implication for continued clockwise rotation of the south China block[J].GSA Bulletin,2005,117(3/4):396-410.
[27] 孟庆任,渠洪杰,胡健民.西秦岭和松潘地体三叠系深水沉积作用[J].中国科学:D辑,2007,37(增刊Ⅰ):209-223.Meng Q R,Qu H J,Hu J M.Triassic deep-water sedimentation in western Qinling and Songpan terrane[J].Science in China (Series D),2007,37(Supplement Ⅰ):209-223.(in Chinese)
[28] 刘旗,王帮全,李振江,等.川西雅江-道孚地区三叠系西康群若干地质问题研究进展与分歧[J].四川地质学报,2003,23(2):70-76.Liu Q,Wang B Q,Li Z J,et al.On some geological problems of the Triassic Xikang Group in Yajiang-Dawu belt,west Sichuan[J].Acta Geologic Sichuan,2003,23(2):70-76.(in Chinese)
[29] 朱占祥,王林彰,赵友年,等.四川西康群的新层序[J].中国区域地质,1993,12(1):18-27.Zhu Z X,Wang L Z,Zhao Y N,et al.A new stratigraphic sequence of the Xikang Group in Sichuan[J].Regional Geology of China,1993,12(1):18-27.(in Chinese)
[30] 梁斌,杨逢清,郭建秋,等.四川雅江县上三叠统雅江组和两河口组深水遗迹化石的发现[J].地质科技情报,2003,22(3):41-44.Liang B,Yang F Q,Guo J Q,et al.Discovery of deep water trace fossils from late Triassic Yajiang Formation and Lianghekou Formation in Yajiang County,Sichuan Province[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2003,22(3):41-44.(in Chinese)
[31] 李玉文.论四川盆地白垩纪地质发展史[J].中国区域地质,1987,6(1):51-56.Li Y W.The cretaceous geological history of the Sichuan Basin[J].Regional Geology of China,1987,6(1):51-56.(in Chinese)
[32] Li Y Q,He D F,Chen L B,et al.Cretaceous sedimentary basins in Sichuan,SW China:Restoration of tectonic and depositional environments[J].Cretaceous Research,2016,57:50-65.
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