右江盆地泥盆系硅质岩地球化学特征及地质意义
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摘要
探讨右江盆地泥盆纪盆地演化。对盆地东南缘六强、那洋地区泥盆纪硅质岩地球化学特征研究表明,硅质岩的SiO_2质量分数为88.40%～97.89%,具有较高的硅化程度。多数样品具有较低的Eu/Eu~*值和较高的Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值,指示硅质岩主要为非热液成因。上泥盆统榴江组有较明显的Ce负异常(Ce/Ce~*值为0.37～0.57),中下泥盆统平恩组和坛河组具有中等Ce负异常值(Ce/Ce~*值分别为0.55～0.57和0.55～0.71)。3组样品均具有明显的Y正异常。除去SiO_2稀释作用的影响后,榴江组硅质岩具有较高的稀土元素含量(∑REE+Y含量相当于PAAS组成的2～5倍),暗示其形成于相对远离陆源供应的环境。综合其他地区硅质岩的地球化学特征,认为泥盆纪右江盆地具有逐渐伸展的演化趋势。
Study of geochemical characteristics of Devonian siliceous rocks from the Liuqiang and Nayang areas in the Youjiang Basin of Guangxi indicates that the mass fraction of SiO_2 of the rock is 88.40%～97.89%. Most samples have lower Eu/Eu~* values and higher Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) values, characteristic of non-hydrothermal origin. The Upper Devonian Liujiang Formation siliceous rocks in Liuqiang area have obvious lower Ce/Ce~* values(0.37～0.57), while the siliceous rocks in Pingen and Tanhe Formations possess moderate level values(0.55～0.57 and 0.55～0.71, respectively) and all analyzed samples display distinct positive Y anomalies. After removing the influence of SiO_2 dilution, the siliceous rocks of the Liujiang Formation exhibit higher REE+Y contents(REE+Y values are equivalent to 2～5 times of PAAS composition), indicating that these siliceous rocks were deposited in a basin far away from the terrigenous supply environment. On the basis of above geochemical study, combined with the geochemical characteristics of siliceous rocks from other regions, it is considered that the Devonian Youjiang Basin displays an evolutionary trend of gradual extension.
Study of geochemical characteristics of Devonian siliceous rocks from the Liuqiang and Nayang areas in the Youjiang Basin of Guangxi indicates that the mass fraction of SiO_2 of the rock is 88.40%～97.89%. Most samples have lower Eu/Eu~* values and higher Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) values, characteristic of non-hydrothermal origin. The Upper Devonian Liujiang Formation siliceous rocks in Liuqiang area have obvious lower Ce/Ce~* values(0.37～0.57), while the siliceous rocks in Pingen and Tanhe Formations possess moderate level values(0.55～0.57 and 0.55～0.71, respectively) and all analyzed samples display distinct positive Y anomalies. After removing the influence of SiO_2 dilution, the siliceous rocks of the Liujiang Formation exhibit higher REE+Y contents(REE+Y values are equivalent to 2～5 times of PAAS composition), indicating that these siliceous rocks were deposited in a basin far away from the terrigenous supply environment. On the basis of above geochemical study, combined with the geochemical characteristics of siliceous rocks from other regions, it is considered that the Devonian Youjiang Basin displays an evolutionary trend of gradual extension.
引文
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[2] 吴浩若.晚古生代-三叠纪南盘江海的构造古地理问题[J].古地理学报,2003,5(1):63-76.Wu H R.Discussion on tectonic palaeogeography of Nanpanjiang Sea in the late Palaeozoic and Triassic [J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2003,5(1):63-76.(in Chinese)
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[4] 刘宝珺,许效松,潘杏南,等.中国南方古大陆沉积地壳演化与成矿[M].北京:科学出版社,1993:104-109.Liu B J,Xu X S,Pan X N,et al.South China Continental Sedimentary Crust Evolution and Mineralization[M].Beijing:Science Press,1993:104-109.(in Chinese)
[5] 曾允孚,刘文均,陈洪德,等.华南右江复合盆地的沉积构造演化[J].地质学报,1995,69(2):113-124.Zeng Y F,Liu W J,Chen H D,et al.Evolution of sedimentation and tectonics of the Youjiang Basin,South China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1995,69(2):113-124.(in Chinese)
[6] 王忠诚,吴浩若,邝国敦.桂西晚古生代海相玄武岩的特征及其形成环境[J].岩石学报,1997,13(2):261-265.Wang Z C,Wu H R,Kuang G D.Characteristics of the late Paleozoic ocean basalts and their eruptive environments in West Guangxi[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,1997,13(2):261-265.(in Chinese)
[7] 殷鸿福,吴顺宝,杜远生.华南是特提斯多岛洋体系的一部分[J].地球科学,1999,24(1):2-12.Yin H F,Wu S B,Du Y S.South China defined as part of Tethyan archipelagic ocean system[J].Earth Science,1999,24(1):2-12.(in Chinese)
[8] 杜远生,黄宏伟,黄志强,等.右江盆地晚古生代-三叠纪盆地转换及其构造意义[J].地质科技情报,2009,28(6):10-15.Du Y S,Huang H W,Huang Z Q,et al.Basin translation from late Palaeozoic to Triassic of Youjiang Basin and its tectonic significance[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2009,28(6):10-15.(in Chinese)
[9] Murray R W,Brink M R B T,Gerlach D C,et al.Rare earth,major,and trace element in chert form the Franciscan Complex and Monterey Group,California:Assessing REE sources to fine-grained marine sediments[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1991,7:1875-1895.
[10] Kato Y,Nakamura K.Origin and global tectonic significance of early Archean cherts from the Marble Bar Greenstone Belt,Pilbara Craton,Western Australia[J].Precambrain Research,2003,8(125):191-243.
[11] 黄虎,杜远生,杨江海,等.水城-紫云-南丹裂陷盆地晚古生代硅质沉积物地球化学特征及其地质意义[J].地质学报,2012,86(12):1995-2010.Huang H,Du Y S,Yang J H,et al.Geochemical features of siliceous sediments of the Shuicheng-Ziyun-Nandan rift basin in the late Paleozoic and their tectonic implication[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2012,86(12):1995-2010.(in Chinese)
[12] 黄虎,杜远生,黄志强,等.桂西晚古生代硅质岩地球化学特征及其对右江盆地构造演化的启示[J].中国科学:地球科学,2013,43(2):304-316.Huang H,Du Y S,Huang Z Q,et al.Depositional chemistry of cherts during late Paleozoic from western Guangxi and its implication for the tectonic evolution of the Youjiang Basin[J].Scientia Sinica (Terrae),2013,43(2):304-316.(in Chinese)
[13] 黄志强,黄虎,杜远生,等.那坡裂陷盆地晚古生代硅质岩地球化学特征及其地质意义[J].地球科学,2013,38(2):254-265.Huang Z Q,Huang H,Du Y S,et al.Depositional chemistry of cherts of the late Paleozoic in Napo rift basin Guangxi and its implication for the tectonic evolution[J].Earth Science,2013,38(2):254-265.(in Chinese)
[14] 杜远生,黄虎,杨江海,等.晚古生代-中三叠世右江盆地的格局和转换[J].地质评论,2013,59(1):1-10.Du Y S,Huang H,Yang J H,et al.The basin translation from late Paleozoic to Triassic of the Youjiang Basin and its tectonic signification[J].Geological Review,2013,59(1):1-10.(in Chinese)
[15] 钟铿,吴诒,殷保安,等.广西的泥盆系[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1992.Zhong K,Wu Y,Yin B A,et al.Devonian in Guangxi [M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,1992.(in Chinese)
[16] Liu Y S,Zong K Q,Kelemen P B,et al.Geochemistry and magmatic history of eclogites and ultramafic rocks from the Chinese continental scientific drill hole:Subduction and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism of lower crustal cumulates[J].Chemical Geology,2008,247:133-153.
[17] McLennan S M.Rare earth elements in sedimentary rocks:Influence of provenance and sedimentary processes [J].Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry,1989,21:169-200.
[18] Bostr?m K,Peterson M N A.The origin of aluminum-poor ferromanganoan sediments in areas of high heat flow on the East Pacific Rise[J].Marine Geology,1969,10(7):427-447.
[19] Adachi M,Yamamoto K,Sugisaki R.Hydrothermal chert and associated siliceous rocks from the northern Pacific their geological significance as indication of ocean ridge activity[J].Sedimentary Geology,1986,47:125-148.
[20] Bostr?m K,Joensuu O,Valdes S,et al.Geochemical history of South Atlantic Ocean sediments since late Cretaceous[J].Marine Geology,1972,12:85-121.
[21] Murray R W.Chemical criteria to identify the depositional environment of chert:General principles and applications[J].Sedimentary Geology,1994,90:213-232.
[22] 张聪,黄虎,侯明才.地球化学方法在硅质岩成因与构造背景研究中的进展问题[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2017,44(3):294-304.Zhang C,Huang H,Hou M C.Progress and problems in the geochemical study on chert genesis for interpretation of tectonic background [J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition),2017,44(3):294-304.(in Chinese)
[23] German C R,Hergt J,Palmer M R,et al.Geochemistry of a hydrothermal sediment core from the OBS vent-field,21°N East Pacific Rise[J].Chemical Geology,1999,155:65-75.
[24] Dias A S,Fruh-Green G L,Bernasconi S M,et al.Geochemistry and stable isotope constraints on high temperature activity from sediment cores of the Saldanha hydrothermal field[J].Marine Geology,2011,279:128-140.
[25] Chen D Z,Qing H R,Yan X,et al.Hydrothermal venting and basin evolution (Devonian,South China):Constraints from rare earth element geochemistry of chert[J].Sedimentary Geology,2006,183:203-216.
[26] Owen A W,Armstrong H A,Floyd J D.Rare earth element geochemistry of Upper Ordovician cherts from the Southern Uplands of Scotland[J].Journal of the Geological Society,1999,156:191-204.
[27] Liu Y G,Miah M,Schmitt R A.Cerium:A chemical tracer for paleo-oceanic redox conditions[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1988,52(6):1361-1371.
[28] Holser W T.Evaluation of the application of rare-earth elements to paleoceanography[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,1997,132(1):309-323.
[29] Murray R W,Buchholtz Ten Brink M R,Jones D L,et al.Rare earth elements as indicators of different marine depositional environments in chert and shale[J].Geology,1990,18:268-271.
[30] Murray R W,Buchholtzten Brink M R,Brumsack H J,et al.Rare earth elements in Japan Sea sediments and diagenetic behavior of Ce/Ce*:Results from ODP leg 127[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1991,55:2453-2466.
[31] 王卓卓,陈代钊,汪建国.广西南宁地区泥盆系硅质岩稀土元素地球化学特征及沉积背景[J].地质科学,2007,42(3):558-569.Wang Z Z,Chen D Z,Wang J G.REE geochemistry and depositional settings of the Devonian cherts in Nanning area,Guangxi[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2007,42(3):558-569.(in Chinese)
[32] Murray R W,Jones D L,Brink M R.Diagenetic formation of bedded chert:Evidence from chemistry of the chert-shale couplet[J].Geology,1992,20:271-274.
[33] Sholkovitz E R.Rare-earth element in marine sediments and geochemical standards[J].Chemical Geology,1990,11:333-347.
[34] Kamber B S,Greig A,Collerson K D.A new estimate for the composition of weathered young upper continental crust from alluvial sediments,Queensland,Australia[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2005,69:1041-1058.
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