深水砂质碎屑流沉积:概念、沉积过程与沉积特征
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摘要
在总结国内外相关文献的基础上,对砂质碎屑流的相关概念、沉积动力学过程及沉积特征进行系统梳理,并对争议问题进行了讨论。砂质碎屑流是一种富砂质具塑性流变性质的宾汉塑性流体,代表一个从黏性至非黏性碎屑流连续系列,具有中—高碎屑浓度(体积浓度25%～95%)、较低的泥质含量(体积浓度可低至0. 5%)、湍流不发育。其沉积物以块状砂岩、含碎屑逆粒序砂岩沉积为代表,局部可见滑动剪切构造和液化漩涡构造。砂质碎屑流的形成多经历滑动→滑塌→砂质碎屑流→浊流的有序演化过程;滑水作用和基底剪切润湿作用是克服砂质碎屑流与基底剪切摩擦拖拽的重要机制,流体强度则是克服上覆环境水体混入稀释的重要原因;砂质碎屑流头部和边部优先固结沉积,进而控制流体整体沉降。砂质碎屑流是形成深水块状砂岩的主要原因之一,砂质碎屑流在相对低流体效率的深水重力流沉积环境广泛发育。
On the basis of summarizing relevant literatures at home and abroad,the related concepts,sedimentary dynamics and sedimentary characteristics of sandy debris flow are systematically sorted out,and the controversial issues are discussed. Sandy debris flow is a kind of Binghan plastic fluid with medium to high detrital concentration( volume concentration ranges from 25% to 95%) and low mud matrix content( minim volume concentration 0. 5%). It represents a series of debris flow from cohesive to no cohesive flow without obvious turbulence. Sandy debris flow deposits are representing by massive sandstone,sandstone with inverse floating mud clasts. Slump shear structures and liquefied swirly patchy texture can be observed occasionally. The formation of sandy debris flow mostly undergoes the orderly evolution process of sliding→slipping→sand debris flow→turbidity flow. Hydroplaning and basal shear wetting are the main mechanisms to overcome shear friction between sandy debris flow and the base. Fluid strength is an important reason to overcome the dilution of the overlying ambient water. Debris flow has the characteristics of preferential deposition and consolidation of the head and the edge,thus controlling the overall settlement of the fluid. Sandy debris flow is one of the main reasons for the formation of deep-water massive sandstone,which is widely developed in a relatively low fluid efficiency deep water gravity flow deposition environment.
On the basis of summarizing relevant literatures at home and abroad,the related concepts,sedimentary dynamics and sedimentary characteristics of sandy debris flow are systematically sorted out,and the controversial issues are discussed. Sandy debris flow is a kind of Binghan plastic fluid with medium to high detrital concentration( volume concentration ranges from 25% to 95%) and low mud matrix content( minim volume concentration 0. 5%). It represents a series of debris flow from cohesive to no cohesive flow without obvious turbulence. Sandy debris flow deposits are representing by massive sandstone,sandstone with inverse floating mud clasts. Slump shear structures and liquefied swirly patchy texture can be observed occasionally. The formation of sandy debris flow mostly undergoes the orderly evolution process of sliding→slipping→sand debris flow→turbidity flow. Hydroplaning and basal shear wetting are the main mechanisms to overcome shear friction between sandy debris flow and the base. Fluid strength is an important reason to overcome the dilution of the overlying ambient water. Debris flow has the characteristics of preferential deposition and consolidation of the head and the edge,thus controlling the overall settlement of the fluid. Sandy debris flow is one of the main reasons for the formation of deep-water massive sandstone,which is widely developed in a relatively low fluid efficiency deep water gravity flow deposition environment.
引文
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