基于波动理论和抛物Radon变换的表面多次波压制技术
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摘要
基于波动方程预测相减的表面多次波压制方法,能较好压制地下复杂介质产生的多次波,但是计算成本较高。基于滤波方法压制多次波计算效率较高,对一次波和多次波存在较大时差的地震数据有明显的压制效果,但是对来自复杂介质的地震数据较难得到良好的压制效果。将波动方程法和滤波法结合,提出一种基于抛物Radon变换和波动方程的多次波压制方法。首先应用表面多次波形成机理预测多次波,利用对应的预测多次波的地震记录和初始地震记录,在抛物Radon域设计自适应滤波函数,通过准确滤波得到多次波在抛物Radon域的能量;然后通过反变换得到多次波,从原始地震记录中减去多次波,得到压制多次波后的结果。水平层状模型及SMAART模型测试结果表明,该方法结合两种方法的优点,能够准确、高效压制来自地下复杂介质产生的表面多次波。
The surface multiple wave suppression method based on the prediction of the wave equation can suppress the multiple waves generated by the underground complex medium,but the calculation cost is high.The multi-wave calculation based on the filtering method has higher efficiency,and has obvious suppression effect on the seismic data with large time difference of the first wave and the multiple wave,but it is difficult to obtain good suppression effect on the seismic data from the complex medium.In this paper,the wave equation method and the filtering method are effectively combined,and a multi-wave suppression method based on the combination of parabolic Radon transform and wave equation is proposed.The method uses the surface multiple wave formation mechanism to predict multiple waves,and uses the predicted multiple wave seismic record and the initial seismic record to design an adaptive filter function corresponding to the parabolic Radon domain result,which can accurately filter the multiplewave in the parabolic Radon domain.The energy is obtained by inverse transformation to obtain multiple waves,and the result of subtracting multiple waves from the original seismic record to obtain multiple waves is obtained.Using this method to test the horizontal layered model and the complex SMAART model,the results show that the proposed method combines the advantages of the two methods and can accurately and efficiently suppress surface multiple waves generated from underground complex media.
The surface multiple wave suppression method based on the prediction of the wave equation can suppress the multiple waves generated by the underground complex medium,but the calculation cost is high.The multi-wave calculation based on the filtering method has higher efficiency,and has obvious suppression effect on the seismic data with large time difference of the first wave and the multiple wave,but it is difficult to obtain good suppression effect on the seismic data from the complex medium.In this paper,the wave equation method and the filtering method are effectively combined,and a multi-wave suppression method based on the combination of parabolic Radon transform and wave equation is proposed.The method uses the surface multiple wave formation mechanism to predict multiple waves,and uses the predicted multiple wave seismic record and the initial seismic record to design an adaptive filter function corresponding to the parabolic Radon domain result,which can accurately filter the multiplewave in the parabolic Radon domain.The energy is obtained by inverse transformation to obtain multiple waves,and the result of subtracting multiple waves from the original seismic record to obtain multiple waves is obtained.Using this method to test the horizontal layered model and the complex SMAART model,the results show that the proposed method combines the advantages of the two methods and can accurately and efficiently suppress surface multiple waves generated from underground complex media.
引文
[1]BERHKOUT A J,VERSCHUUR D J.Estimation of multiple scattering by iterative inversion,partⅠ:theoretical considerations[J].Geophysics,1997,62(5):1586-1595.
[2]VERSCHUUR D J,BERKHOUT A J.Estimation of multiple scattering by iterative inversion,partⅡ:practical aspects and examples[J].Geophysics,1997,62(5):1596-1611.
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[6]何江.基于L1范数的多次波自适应减法研究及应用分析[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012:22-27.HE Jiang.Research and application analysis of multiwharl adaptive subtraction method based on L1norm[D].Beijing:China Univercity of Ueosciences(Beijing),2012:22-27.
[7]石颖,邢小林.表面多次波压制的研究进展:回顾与展望[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(6):2046-2054.SHI Ying,XING Xiaolin.Investigation progress on surface-related multiple suppression:review and outlook[J].Progress in Geophysics,2011,26(6):2046-2054.
[8]ZHOU B,GREENHALGH S A.Multiple suppression by a wave-equation extrapolation metho-d[J].Exploration Geophysics,1991,22:481-484.
[9]石颖,王维红.基于波动方程预测和双曲Radon变换联合压制表面多次波[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(9):3115-3125.SHI Ying,WANG Weihong.Surface-related multiple suppression approach by combining wave equation prediction and hyperbolic Radon transform[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(9):3115-3125.
[10]李唐律.浅海地震资料自由表面多次波压制方法研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014:22-27.LI Tanglyu.The study on Iree surface-related multiple attenuation of seismic data in shallow sea[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2014:22-27.
[11]BERKHOUT A J,VERSCHUUR D J.Removal of internal multiples with the common-focus-point(CFP)approach,part 1:explanation of the theory[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):45-60.
[12]李星缘,王维红,王海娇,等.基于频率拓展的表面多次波压制方法[J].东北石油大学学报,2018,42(2):88-94.LI Xingyuan,WANG Weihong,WANG Haijiao,et al.Surface multiple attenuation method based on the frequency extension[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2018,42(2):88-94.
[13]石颖,王建民,井洪亮,等.多道自适应匹配滤波力法压制表面多次波[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(2):785-792.SHI Ying,WANG Jianmin,JING Hongliang,et al.Suppressing surface-related multiple by multi-trace adaptive matching filter approach[J].Progress in Ueophysics,2013,28(2):785-792.
[14]王维红,张振,石颖,等.λ-f域抛物Radon变换多次波压制方法[J].东北石油大学学报,2015,39(1):17-22.WANG Weihong,ZHANG Zhen,SHI Ying,et al.Investigation of multiple suppression by parabolic Radon transform inλ-fdomain[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2015,39(1):17-22.
[15]熊登,赵伟,张剑锋.混合域高分辨率抛物Radon变换及在衰减多次波中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2009,54(4):1068-1077.XIONG Deng,ZHAO Wei,ZHANG Jianfeng.Hybrid-domain high-resolution parabolic Radon transform and its application to demultiplex[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,54(4):1068-1077.
[16]李莹.基于波动方程预测的Radon变换多次波衰减方法[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2015:10-11.LI Ying.Multiple attenuation by Radon transform method incorporating with prediction based on wave equation[D].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2015:10-11.
[17]SCHONEWILLE M,DUIJNDAM A.Parabolic Radon transform,sampling and efficiency[J].Geophysics,2001,66(2):667-678.
[18]ZHOU B,GREENHALGH S A.Wave-equation extrapolation-based multiple attenuation:2Dfilter in the f-k domain[J].Geophysics,1994,59(9):1377-1391.
[2]VERSCHUUR D J,BERKHOUT A J.Estimation of multiple scattering by iterative inversion,partⅡ:practical aspects and examples[J].Geophysics,1997,62(5):1596-1611.
[3]HAMPSON D.Inverse velocity stacking for multiple elimination[J].Journal of the Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysics,1986,22(1):44-55.
[4]FOSTER D J,MOSHER C C.Suppression of multiple reflections using the Radon transform[J].Geophysics,1992,57(3):386-395.
[5]宋家文,VERSCHUUR D J,陈小宏.多次波压制的研究现状与进展[J].地球物理学进展,2014,29(1):240-247.SONG Jiawen,VERSCHUUR D J,CHEN Xiaohong.Research status and progress in multiple elimination[J].Progress in Geophysics,2014,29(1):240-247.
[6]何江.基于L1范数的多次波自适应减法研究及应用分析[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012:22-27.HE Jiang.Research and application analysis of multiwharl adaptive subtraction method based on L1norm[D].Beijing:China Univercity of Ueosciences(Beijing),2012:22-27.
[7]石颖,邢小林.表面多次波压制的研究进展:回顾与展望[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(6):2046-2054.SHI Ying,XING Xiaolin.Investigation progress on surface-related multiple suppression:review and outlook[J].Progress in Geophysics,2011,26(6):2046-2054.
[8]ZHOU B,GREENHALGH S A.Multiple suppression by a wave-equation extrapolation metho-d[J].Exploration Geophysics,1991,22:481-484.
[9]石颖,王维红.基于波动方程预测和双曲Radon变换联合压制表面多次波[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(9):3115-3125.SHI Ying,WANG Weihong.Surface-related multiple suppression approach by combining wave equation prediction and hyperbolic Radon transform[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(9):3115-3125.
[10]李唐律.浅海地震资料自由表面多次波压制方法研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014:22-27.LI Tanglyu.The study on Iree surface-related multiple attenuation of seismic data in shallow sea[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2014:22-27.
[11]BERKHOUT A J,VERSCHUUR D J.Removal of internal multiples with the common-focus-point(CFP)approach,part 1:explanation of the theory[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):45-60.
[12]李星缘,王维红,王海娇,等.基于频率拓展的表面多次波压制方法[J].东北石油大学学报,2018,42(2):88-94.LI Xingyuan,WANG Weihong,WANG Haijiao,et al.Surface multiple attenuation method based on the frequency extension[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2018,42(2):88-94.
[13]石颖,王建民,井洪亮,等.多道自适应匹配滤波力法压制表面多次波[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(2):785-792.SHI Ying,WANG Jianmin,JING Hongliang,et al.Suppressing surface-related multiple by multi-trace adaptive matching filter approach[J].Progress in Ueophysics,2013,28(2):785-792.
[14]王维红,张振,石颖,等.λ-f域抛物Radon变换多次波压制方法[J].东北石油大学学报,2015,39(1):17-22.WANG Weihong,ZHANG Zhen,SHI Ying,et al.Investigation of multiple suppression by parabolic Radon transform inλ-fdomain[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2015,39(1):17-22.
[15]熊登,赵伟,张剑锋.混合域高分辨率抛物Radon变换及在衰减多次波中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2009,54(4):1068-1077.XIONG Deng,ZHAO Wei,ZHANG Jianfeng.Hybrid-domain high-resolution parabolic Radon transform and its application to demultiplex[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,54(4):1068-1077.
[16]李莹.基于波动方程预测的Radon变换多次波衰减方法[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2015:10-11.LI Ying.Multiple attenuation by Radon transform method incorporating with prediction based on wave equation[D].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2015:10-11.
[17]SCHONEWILLE M,DUIJNDAM A.Parabolic Radon transform,sampling and efficiency[J].Geophysics,2001,66(2):667-678.
[18]ZHOU B,GREENHALGH S A.Wave-equation extrapolation-based multiple attenuation:2Dfilter in the f-k domain[J].Geophysics,1994,59(9):1377-1391.
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