山西隆起区燕山期构造变形特征
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摘要
山西隆起区燕山运动期间表现出以逆冲断层、纵弯褶皱为基本结构要素的收缩构造变形特征。区内不同时代地层具有独特的岩石组合和物理性质,保存和记录了燕山期构造在不同层次的变形样式和特征。通过对地表地质、地貌及构造特征的研究分析,初步总结出"分层收缩变形,垂向叠置增厚"的构造模式。应用平衡剖面法对近东西向收缩变形所造成的水平缩短与垂向加厚效应进行了定量估算,剖面复原表明,变形前、后隆起区总体水平缩短率约为32.8%,垂向加厚使寒武系底部不整合界面在隆起区比鄂尔多斯盆地高出约5 km。强烈的冲断抬升和褶皱变形造成上部地壳横向缩短,垂向增厚,使原本垂向上有序叠置的地质体和不同层次构造形迹在空间位置上发生了较大变化。现在地表地质体的空间分布、北部和南部褶皱组合样式的差异,以及断裂沿走向的分段性,都是构造变形垂向分层性的表现形式,是后期隆升、剥蚀程度差异在地表造成的结果。
During Yanshann movement period, the contractive structure deformation of the thrust fault and buckling folds formed as the basic structural elements is shown in Shanxi uplift area. Strata of different ages in this area have unique rock assemblage and physical properties, which may preserve and record deformation styles and characteristics at different levels of Yanshan structure. Through the study of surface geology, physiognomy and structure characteristics, we primarily concluded the "delaminate contractive deformation, and vertical stacking and thickening" structure mode. The balanced section method was applied to quantitatively estimate the horizontal shortening and vertical thickening effect, which were caused by nearly E-W shrinkage deformation. The section restoration showed that, before and after deformation, the horizontal shortening of the uplift area was about 32.8% in total. Cambrian bottom unconformity interface in the uplift area is about 5 km higher than that in Ordos Basin, due to vertical thickening. The intensive collision uplift and folding deformation resulted in the lateral shortening and vertical thickening in the upper part of the crust. Geological bodies are orderly vertically stacked and different levels of tectonic trace have shown great changes in spatial positions. Current spatial distribution of surface geological bodies, differences between northern and southern fold combination style and the along-the-trend segmentation of fracture all demonstrate the vertical stratification of tectonic deformation, due to late uplift and the difference of denudation degree on the surface.
During Yanshann movement period, the contractive structure deformation of the thrust fault and buckling folds formed as the basic structural elements is shown in Shanxi uplift area. Strata of different ages in this area have unique rock assemblage and physical properties, which may preserve and record deformation styles and characteristics at different levels of Yanshan structure. Through the study of surface geology, physiognomy and structure characteristics, we primarily concluded the "delaminate contractive deformation, and vertical stacking and thickening" structure mode. The balanced section method was applied to quantitatively estimate the horizontal shortening and vertical thickening effect, which were caused by nearly E-W shrinkage deformation. The section restoration showed that, before and after deformation, the horizontal shortening of the uplift area was about 32.8% in total. Cambrian bottom unconformity interface in the uplift area is about 5 km higher than that in Ordos Basin, due to vertical thickening. The intensive collision uplift and folding deformation resulted in the lateral shortening and vertical thickening in the upper part of the crust. Geological bodies are orderly vertically stacked and different levels of tectonic trace have shown great changes in spatial positions. Current spatial distribution of surface geological bodies, differences between northern and southern fold combination style and the along-the-trend segmentation of fracture all demonstrate the vertical stratification of tectonic deformation, due to late uplift and the difference of denudation degree on the surface.
引文
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[10] 廖昌珍,张岳桥,温长顺.鄂尔多斯盆地东缘边界带构造样式及其区域构造意义[J].地质学报,2007,81(4):466-474.
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[13] 王润福.山西人文地质[M].北京:地质出版社,2013:77-79.
[14] 吴奇,李三忠,刘鑫,等.山西南部燕山期类隔挡式褶皱构造特征[J].大地构造与成矿学,2012,36(4):483-489.
[15] 张兆琪.地震与构造[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,2016:76-82.
[16] 白玉宝,孙冬胜.离石断裂带构造特征及演化[J].石油与天然气地质,1996,17(1):77-80.
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[19] 霍腾飞,杨德彬,师江朋,等.华北地块中部早白垩世富碱侵入岩的成因:锆石U-Pb年代学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素制约[J].岩石学报,2016,32(3):697-712.
[20] 齐钥,徐鸿博,张竞雄,等.临汾断陷盆地孤峰山花岗闪长岩的地球化学和年代学及其地质意义[J].地质论评,2011,57(4):565-573.
[21] 张海东,刘建朝,陈正乐,等.太行山南段平顺杂岩体成因:岩石学、年代学和地球化学证据[J].大地构造与成矿学,2014,38(2):454-471.
[22] 刘建朝,张海东,刘淑文,等.太行山南段平顺地区杂岩体成因研究[J].地质论评,2009,55(3):318-328.
[23] 曹代勇,关英斌.晋-获断裂带分段模式研究[J].大地构造与成矿学,1997,21(4):323-329.
[24] 吴福元,葛文春,孙德有,等.中国东部岩石圈减薄研究中的几个问题[J].地学前缘,2003,10(3):51-60.
[25] 翟明国,孟庆任,刘建民,等.华北东部中生代构造体制转折峰期的主要地质效应和形成动力学探讨[J].地学前缘,2004,11(3):285-297.
[26] 孙金凤,杨进辉.华北东部早白垩世A型花岗岩与克拉通破坏[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2009,34(1):137-147.
[27] 陈根文,夏换,陈绍清.华北地区晚中生代重大构造转折的地质证据[J].中国地质,2008,35(6):1162-1177.
[28] Davis W M.The geographical cycle[J].Geogr J,1899,14(5):481-504.
[29] Hack J T.Dynamic equilibrium and landscape evolution[J].Theor Landform Evol,1975,1:87-102.
[30] Penck W.Morphological Analysis of Iandforms[M].New York:St.Martin’s Press,1953.
[31] 曹现志.华北地块中部中新生代构造地貌演变过程与机制[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[32] 孟元库,汪新文,李波,等.华北克拉通中部沁水盆地热演化史与山西高原中新生代岩石圈构造演化[J].西北地质,2015,48(2):159-168.
[33] 吴忱.华北地貌环境及其形成演化[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[34] 郑德顺,胡斌,吴智平,等.华北东部地区中、新生代地形演化关键时期古地理分析[C]//第十届全国古地理学及沉积学学术会议论文摘要集.成都:中国矿物岩石地球化学学会岩相古地理专业委员会,2008.
[35] 李三忠,张国伟,周立宏,等.中、新生代超级汇聚背景下的陆内差异变形:华北伸展裂解和华南挤压逆冲[J].地学前缘,2011,18(3):79-107.
[36] 张旗,王元龙,金惟俊,等.晚中生代的中国东部高原:证据、问题和启示[J].地质通报,2008,27(9):1404-1430.
[37] 张岳桥,廖昌珍.晚中生代—新生代构造体制转换与鄂尔多斯盆地改造[J].中国地质,2006,33(1):28-40.
[38] 魏春光,周建勋,何雨丹.岩石强度对冲断层形成特征影响的砂箱实验研究[J].地学前缘,2004,11(4):559-565.
[39] 邓宾,赵高平,万元博,等.褶皱冲断带构造砂箱物理模型研究进展[J].大地构造与成矿学,2016,40(3):446-464.
[40] Yamato P,Kaus B J P,Mouthereau F,et al.Dynamic constraints on the crustal-scale rheology of the Zagros fold belt,Iran[J].Geology,2011,39(9):815-818.
[41] Rossi D,Storti F.New artificial granular materials for analogue laboratory experiments:aluminium and siliceous microspheres[J].J Struct Geol,2003,25(11):1893-1899.
[42] 徐开礼,朱志澄.构造地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,1984:42-54.
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