唐山一次冬季重污染过程污染特征及成因分析
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摘要
选取河北省唐山市2017年12月27～31日一次典型重污染过程,开展其污染特征及成因分析,对污染期间气象要素、大气颗粒物组分特征进行综合研究.结果表明,此次大气重污染过程中PM_(2.5)平均质量浓度为154μg/m~3,重度污染及以上时PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)为0.7;PM_(2.5)中SNA质量浓度占比达58.0%,OC/EC的比值为4.1,说明颗粒物二次反应和有机物在此次污染过程有较大贡献;长期均压场以及近地面高湿、小风、逆温的出现导致唐山地区大气层结稳定,加之周边地区区域传输的贡献,是导致此次大气重污染过程的重要影响因素.
Characteristics and formation mechanism of a heavy air pollution event during the period from December 27~(th) to 31~(st), 2017 in Tangshan, Hebei, China were investigated. Combined with the mass concentration of particulate matter, gaseous pollutant concentrations, carbonaceous species and meteorological data, the component analysis of PM_(2.5) was conducted in detail for this episode. The results showed that the average mass concentration of PM_(2.5) during this period was 154μg/m~3 exceeding the secondary standard of daily average concentration of the ambient air quality standard(GB3095-2012). When the air pollution level was 5 and above, passed the level of heavy and above, the ratio of PM_(2.5) over PM_(10) became 0.7. The mass concentration of SNA accounted for 58.0% of PM_(2.5), and the value of OC/EC was 4.1, which indicated that the secondary reaction of particulate matter and organic matter had a greater contribution in this pollution process. The local meteorological conditions, continuous uniform pressure field, the near-surface high humidity, light breeze and temperature inversion all played an important role in this heavy pollution event.Regional transmission was also an important contribsuting factor to this heavy pollution process.
Characteristics and formation mechanism of a heavy air pollution event during the period from December 27~(th) to 31~(st), 2017 in Tangshan, Hebei, China were investigated. Combined with the mass concentration of particulate matter, gaseous pollutant concentrations, carbonaceous species and meteorological data, the component analysis of PM_(2.5) was conducted in detail for this episode. The results showed that the average mass concentration of PM_(2.5) during this period was 154μg/m~3 exceeding the secondary standard of daily average concentration of the ambient air quality standard(GB3095-2012). When the air pollution level was 5 and above, passed the level of heavy and above, the ratio of PM_(2.5) over PM_(10) became 0.7. The mass concentration of SNA accounted for 58.0% of PM_(2.5), and the value of OC/EC was 4.1, which indicated that the secondary reaction of particulate matter and organic matter had a greater contribution in this pollution process. The local meteorological conditions, continuous uniform pressure field, the near-surface high humidity, light breeze and temperature inversion all played an important role in this heavy pollution event.Regional transmission was also an important contribsuting factor to this heavy pollution process.
引文
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[32]李伟芳,白志鹏,魏静东,等.天津冬季大气中PM2.5及其主要组分的污染特征[J].中国环境科学,2008,28(6):481-486.Li W F, Bai Z P, Wei J D. Pollution characteristics of PM2.5 and its main components in Tianjin winter atmosphere[J]. China Environmental Science,2008,28(6):481-486.
[2] Zhao X J, Zhao P S, Xu J, et al. Analysis of a winter regional haze event and its formation mechanism in the North China Plain[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2013,13(11):5685-5696.
[3] Ho K F, Lee S C, Chan C K, et al. Characterization of chemical species in PM2.5 and PM10 aerosols in Hong Kong[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2003,37(1):31-39.
[4] Schauer J J, Mader B T, Deminter J T, et al. ACE-Asia intercomparison of a thermal-optical method for the determination of particle-phase organic and elemental carbon[J]. Laryngoscope, 2010,25(9):667-671.
[5]张志刚,高庆先,韩雪琴,等.中国华北区域城市间污染物输送研究[J].环境科学研究,2004,(1):14-20.Zhang Z G, Gao Q X, Han X Q, et al. The Study of Pollutant Transport between the Cities in North China[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2004,(1):14-20.
[6] GB3095-2012环境空气质量标准[S].GB3095-1996 Ambient air quality standard[S]
[7] HJ 663-2013环境空气质量评价技术规范(试行)[S].HJ 663-2013 Technical specification of ambient air quality assessment(Trial)[S].
[8]晏淑梅,曹玉龙,张力永.唐山市大气环境中PM10和PM2.5污染特征分析[J].资源节约与环境保护,2014,(5):165-168.Yan S M, Cao Y L, Zhang L Y. Analysis of Characteristics of PM10 and PM2.5 Pollution in Tangshan[J]. Resources Economization&Environment Protection.2014,(5):165-168.
[9]苗红妍,温天雪,王丽,等.唐山大气颗粒物中水溶性无机盐的观测研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1225-1231.Miao H Y, Wen T X, Wang L, et al. Water-soluble inorganic salts in ambient aerosol particles in Tangshan[J]. Environmental Science,2013,34(4):1225-1231
[10]贾佳,韩力慧,程水源,等.京津冀区域PM2.5及二次无机组分污染特征研究[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(3):801-811.Jia J, Han L H, Cheng S Y, et al. Pollution characteristic of PM2.5 and secondary inorganic ions in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J]. China Environmental Science,2018,38(3):801-811.
[11]孙韧,张文具,董海燕,等.天津市PM10和PM2.5中水溶性离子化学特征及来源分析[J].中国环境监测,2014,30(2):145-150.Sun R, Zhang W J, Dong H Y, et al. Chemical character and source analysis of water-soluble irons in PM10 and PM2.5 in Tianjin city[J].Environmental Monitoring in China, 2014,30(2):145-150.
[12]姚青,刘子锐,韩素芹,等.天津冬季一次重污染过程颗粒物中水溶性离子粒径分布特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(12):4958-4967.Yao Q, Liu Z R, Han S Q, et al. Characteristics of the size distribution of water-soluble ions during a heavy pollution episode in the winter in Tianjin[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(12):4958-4967.
[13]郭安可,郭照冰,张海潇,等.南京北郊冬季PM2.5中水溶性离子以及碳质组分特征分析[J].环境化学,2017,36(2):248-256.Guo A K, Guo Z B, Zhang H X, et al. Analysis of water soluble ions and carbon component in PM2.5 in the northern suburb of Nanjing in winter[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2017,36(2):248-256.
[14]廖碧婷,吴兑,常越,等.广州地区SO42-、NO3-、NH4+与相关气体污染特征研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(6):1551-1559.Liao B T, Wu D, Chang Y, et al. The pollution characteristics of SO42-、NO3-、NH4+and related gaseous pollutants in Guangzhou[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiea, 2014,34(6):1551-1559.
[15]沈建东,焦荔,何曦,等.杭州城区春节PM2.5中水溶性离子在线观测[J].中国环境监测,2014,30(2):151-157.Shen J D, Jiao L, He X, et al. Online measurement of the watersoluble ions in PM2.5 during spring festival in Hangzhou[J].Environmental Monitoring in China, 2014,30(2):1 151-157.
[16] Yao X H, Chan C K,Fang M,et al. The water-soluble ionic composition of PM2.5 in Shanghai and Beijing, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2002,36:4223-4234.
[17]古金霞,吴丽萍,霍光耀,等.天津市PM2.5中水溶性无机离子污染特征及来源分析[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(3):30-34.Gu J X, Wu L P, Huo G Y, et al. Pollution character and source of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5 over Tianjin[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2013,29(3):30-34.
[18]杨孝文,周颖,程水源,等.北京冬季一次重污染过程的污染特征及成因分析[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(3):679-686.Yang X W, Zhou Y, Cheng S Y, et al. Characteristics and formation mechanism of a heavy winter air pollution event in Beijing[J]. China Environmental Science, 2016,36(3):679-686.
[19]王新,聂燕,陈红,等.兰州城区大气PM2.5污染特征及来源解析[J].环境科学,2016,37(5):1619-1628.Wang X, Nie Y, Chen H, et al. Pollution characteristics and source apportionment of PM2.5 in Lanzhou city[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(5):1619-1628.
[20]馀虹,肖致美,孔君,等.天津市冬季典型大气重污染过程特征[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(4):1239-1246.Xu H, Xiao Z M, Kong J, et al. Characteristic of atmospheric heavy pollution episodes in Winter of Tianjin[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017,37(4):1239-1246.
[21] Li L, Chen Z M, Zhang Y H, et al. Kinetics and mechanism of heterogeneous oxidation of sulfur dioxide by ozone on surface of calcium carbonate[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics Discussions,2006,6(1):125-139.
[22] Pathak R K, Louie P K K, Chan C K. Characteristics of aerosol acidity in Hong Kong[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(19):2965-2974.
[23]金鑫,程萌田,温天雪,等.北京冬季一次重污染过程PM2.5中水溶性无机盐的变化特征[J].环境化学,2012,31(6):783-790.Jin X, Cheng M T, Wen T X, et al. The variation of water-soluble inorganic ions during a heavy pollution episode in winter, Beijing[J].Environmental Chemistry, 2012,31(6):783-790.
[24]李友平,周洪,张智胜,等.成都市城区PM2.5中二次水溶性无机离子污染特征[J].环境科学,2014,35(12):4439-4445.Li Y R,Zhou H, Zhang Z S, et al. Pollution characteristics of secondary water-soluble inorganic ions of PM2.5 in urban Chengdu,China[J]. Environmental Science,2014,35(12):4439-4445.
[25] Wang Y, Zhuang G, Tang A, et al. The ion chemistry and the source of PM2.5 aerosol in Beijing[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2005,39:3771-3784.
[26] Cao J J,Lee S C,Chow J C,et al. Spatial and seasonal distributions of carbonaceous aerosols over China[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 2007,112(D22):22-11.
[27]王刚,韩力慧,程水源,等.典型城市夏季碳组分污染特征与来源解析[J].北京工业大学学报,2015,41(3):452-460.Wang G HanL H, Cheng S Y,et al. Characteristics and source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols during summer period in typical cities[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2015,41(3):452-460.
[28]郭育红,辛金元,王跃思,等.唐山市大气颗粒物OC/EC浓度谱分布观测研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(7):2497-2504.Guo Y H, Xin J Y, Wang Y S, et al. Observation of Size Distribution of Atmospheric OC/EC in Tangshan, China[J]. Environmental Science,2013,34(7):2497-2504.
[29] Schauer J J, Kleeman M J, Cass G R, et al. Measurement of emissions from air pollution sources. 1. C-1 through C-29organic compounds from meat charbroiling[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,1999,33(10):1566-1577.
[30] Lim H J, Turpin B J. Origins of primary and secondary organic aerosol in Atlanta:results of time-resolved measurements during the Atlanta Supersite Experiment[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2002,36(21):4489-96.
[31]樊啸辰,郎建垒,程水源,等.北京市大气环境PM2.5和PM1及其碳质组分季节变化特征及来源分析[J].环境科学,2018,39(10):1-12Fan X C, Lang J L, Cheng S Y, et al. Seasonal variation and source analysis for PM2.5, PM1 and their carbonaceous components in Beijing[J]. Environmental Science, 2018,39(10):1-12.
[32]李伟芳,白志鹏,魏静东,等.天津冬季大气中PM2.5及其主要组分的污染特征[J].中国环境科学,2008,28(6):481-486.Li W F, Bai Z P, Wei J D. Pollution characteristics of PM2.5 and its main components in Tianjin winter atmosphere[J]. China Environmental Science,2008,28(6):481-486.
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