1990～2017年中国地区气溶胶光学厚度的时空分布及其主要影响类型
|
摘要
为准确了解中国地区气溶胶光学特性,通过1990～2017年的MERRA2数据集中的气溶胶光学厚度数据,采用Man-Kendall趋势检验法和Sen's slope变化趋势分析法,从不同的时空尺度和气溶胶类型上分析中国地区AOD值的时空变化特征.结果表明:(1)从年际尺度上看,1990～2017年AOD年均值整体呈波动上升趋势;从季节尺度上看,月均值整体呈春夏秋依次递减,冬季有所提升的趋势,地形和气候环境是其主要影响因素.(2)在空间上,AOD年均值呈现东南高西北低的特征,西南部四川盆地、西北的塔里木与吐鲁番盆地等为AOD值的高值区,青藏高原地区为AOD值的低值区,同时AOD的MK值和Sen's slope值也呈现由东南向西北递减的趋势.(3)沙尘气溶胶和硫酸盐气溶胶影响分布具有明显的区域差异.与地形、气候变化以及人类活动强度有着密切联系.
In order to accurately understand the optical characteristics of aerosols in China,based on Mann-Kendall(MK) and Sen's slope trend analysis methods,the spatiotemporal variations of aerosol optical depth(AOD) derived from MERRA-2 reanalysis datasets were estimated in China for the period of 1990-2017. The results showed that(1) for the interannual scale,there was a significant increasing trend in the annual mean AOD in China during 1990-2017. Besides,high aerosol loadings were observed in spring and summer,and the seasonal difference between the eastern and western regions was large. This was mainly due to the topographic and meteorological factors.(2) At the spatial scale,the annual mean AOD values increased from the northwest to the southeast,with characteristically high AOD values occurring in Sichuan Pendi and the Tarim and Turpan basins and low values in the Qinghai-Xizang plateau region. Similarly,the AOD MK value and Sen's slope value showed significant decreasing trends from the southeast to the northwest,which was closely related to climate change and the human activity intensity.(3) In regard to black carbon aerosol,dust aerosol,organic carbon aerosol,sea salt aerosol,and SO_4 aerosol,dust and SO_4 aerosols were affected by the air humidity and human activity intensity,which have obvious regional differences in China.
In order to accurately understand the optical characteristics of aerosols in China,based on Mann-Kendall(MK) and Sen's slope trend analysis methods,the spatiotemporal variations of aerosol optical depth(AOD) derived from MERRA-2 reanalysis datasets were estimated in China for the period of 1990-2017. The results showed that(1) for the interannual scale,there was a significant increasing trend in the annual mean AOD in China during 1990-2017. Besides,high aerosol loadings were observed in spring and summer,and the seasonal difference between the eastern and western regions was large. This was mainly due to the topographic and meteorological factors.(2) At the spatial scale,the annual mean AOD values increased from the northwest to the southeast,with characteristically high AOD values occurring in Sichuan Pendi and the Tarim and Turpan basins and low values in the Qinghai-Xizang plateau region. Similarly,the AOD MK value and Sen's slope value showed significant decreasing trends from the southeast to the northwest,which was closely related to climate change and the human activity intensity.(3) In regard to black carbon aerosol,dust aerosol,organic carbon aerosol,sea salt aerosol,and SO_4 aerosol,dust and SO_4 aerosols were affected by the air humidity and human activity intensity,which have obvious regional differences in China.
引文
[1] Xue Y,He X W,de Leeuw G,et al. Long-time series aerosol optical depth retrieval from AVHRR data over land in north China and central Europe[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment,2017,198:471-489.
[2] He L J,Wang L C,Lin A W,et al. Performance of the NPPVIIRS and Aqua-MODIS aerosol optical depth products over the Yangtze River Basin[J]. Remote Sensing,2018,10(1):117.
[3]延昊,矫梅燕,毕宝贵,等.国内外气溶胶观测网络发展进展及相关科学计划[J].气象科学,2006,26(1):110-117.Yan H, Jiao M Y, Bi B G, et al. Advances in aerosol observation network and corresponding science plan[J]. Scientia Meteorologica Sinica,2006,26(1):110-117.
[4] Freemantle J,O'Neill N,Royer A,et al. AEROCAN:The Canadian sunphotometer network[A]. Proceedings of the 2005IEEE Workshop on Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Aerosols[C]. Tucson,AZ,USA:IEEE,2005. 32-35.
[5] Che H Z,Zhang X Y,Chen H B,et al. Instrument calibration and aerosol optical depth validation of the China aerosol remote sensing network[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2009,114(D3):D03206.
[6] Xu X F,Qiu J H,Xia X G,et al. Characteristics of atmospheric aerosol optical depth variation in China during 1993-2012[J].Atomospheric Environment,2015,119:82-94.
[7]薛文博,武卫玲,王金南,等.中国气溶胶光学厚度时空演变特征分析[J].环境与可持续发展,2013,38(4):17-20.Xue W B,Wu W L,Wang J N,et al. Analysis of temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of aerosol optical thickness in China[J]. Environment and Sustainable Development,2013,38(4):17-20.
[8] Luo Y X,Zheng X B,Zhao T L,et al. A climatology of aerosol optical depth over China from recent 10 years of MODIS remote sensing data[J]. International Journal of Climatology,2014,34(3):863-870.
[9]郑小波,罗宇翔,赵天良,等.中国气溶胶分布的地理学和气候学特征[J].地理科学,2012,32(3):265-272.Zheng X B,Lou Y X,Zhao T L,et al. Geographical and climatological characterization of aerosol distribution in China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2012,32(3):265-272.
[10]千家乐,刘朝顺.胡焕庸线两侧气溶胶光学厚度时空分布特征及其与土地利用响应的研究[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(2):752-760.Qian J L,Liu C S. Distributions and changes of aerosol optical depth on both sides of HU Huanyong Line and the response to land use and land cover[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2018,38(2):752-760.
[11]罗云峰,吕达仁,周秀骥,等. 30年来我国大气气溶胶光学厚度平均分布特征分析[J].大气科学,2002,26(6):721-730.Luo Y F,Lu D R,Zhou X J,et al. Analyses on the spatial distribution of aerosol optical depth over China in recent 30 years[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2002,26(6):721-730.
[12]罗云峰,吕达仁,李维亮,等.近30年来中国地区大气气溶胶光学厚度的变化特征[J].科学通报,2000,45(5):549-554.Lou Y F,LüD R,Li W L,et al. Characteristics of atmospheric aerosol optical depth variation over China in recent 30 years[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2000,45(14):1328-1334.
[13] Zhang Z Y,Wu W L,Wei J,et al. Aerosol optical depth retrieval from visibility in China during 1973-2014[J].Atmospheric Environment,2017,171:38-48.
[14] Li S S,Chen L F,Tao J H,et al. Retrieval of aerosol optical depth over bright targets in the urban areas of north China during winter[J]. Science China Earth Sciences,2012,55(9):1545-1553.
[15]齐玉磊,葛觐铭,黄建平.北方地区MODIS和MISR与AERONET气溶胶光学厚度的比较及其时空分布分析[J].科学通报,2013,58(17):1670-1679.Qi Y L,Ge J M,Huang J P. Spatial and temporal distribution of MODIS and MISR aerosol optical depth over northern China and comparison with AERONET[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,58(20):2479-2506.
[16]张宸赫,赵天良,王富,等. 2003~2014年东北三省气溶胶光学厚度变化分析[J].环境科学,2017,38(2):476-484.Zhang C H,Zhao T L,Wang F,et al. Variations in aerosol optical depth over three northeastern Provinces of China,in 2003-2014[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(2):476-484.
[17]李龙,施润和,张璐,等.华东地区MODIS与OMI气溶胶光学厚度数据融合[J].地球信息科学学报,2015,17(10):1224-1233.Li L,Shi R H,Zhang L,et al. Data fusion of MODIS AOD and OMIAOD over east China using universal kriging[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science,2015,17(10):1224-1233.
[18]刘浩,高小明,谢志英,等.京津冀晋鲁区域气溶胶光学厚度的时空特征[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(5):1506-1511.Liu H,Gao X M,Xie Z Y,et al. Spatio-temporal characteristics of aerosol optical depth over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-ShanxiShandong region during 2000—2013[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(5):1506-1511.
[19] Wang H,Yang L K,Deng A J,et al. Remote sensing of aerosol optical depth using an airborne polarimeter over north China[J].Remote Sensing,2017,9(10):979.
[20] Qie L L,Li Z Q,Sun X B,et al. Improving remote sensing of aerosol optical depth over land by polarimetric measurements at1640 nm:Airborne test in north China[J]. Remote Sensing,2015,7(5):6240-6256.
[21]李嘉伟,韩志伟.中国东部气溶胶光学厚度季节变化的数值模拟[J].遥感学报,2016,20(2):205-215.Li J W,Han Z W. Numerical simulation of the seasonal variation of aerosol optical depth over eastern China[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing,2016,20(2):205-215.
[22] Lin J T,van Donkelaar A,Xin J Y,et al. Clear-sky aerosol optical depth over east China estimated from visibility measurements and chemical transport modeling[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2014,95:258-267.
[23] Di A J,Xue Y,Yang X H,et al. Dust aerosol optical depth retrieval and dust storm detection for Xinjiang Region using Indian national satellite observations[J]. Remote Sensing,2016,8(9):702.
[24]胡俊,亢燕铭,陈勇航,等.基于MODIS_C006的乌鲁木齐10年气溶胶光学厚度变化特征[J].环境科学,2018,39(8):3563-3570.Hu J,Kang Y M,Chen Y H,et al. Analysis of aerosol optical depth variation characteristics for 10 years in Urumqi based on MODIS_C006[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(8):3563-3570.
[25]张天宇,王勇,程炳岩. 1961—2013年四川盆地气溶胶光学厚度的长期变化及与气温的联系[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(3):793-802.Zhang T Y,Wang Y,Cheng B Y. Long-term variation of aerosol optical depth over Sichuan Basin of China during 1961—2013and its relationship with temperature[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(3):793-802.
[26] Liu X Y,Chen Q L,Che H Z,et al. Spatial distribution and temporal variation of aerosol optical depth in the Sichuan basin,China,the recent ten years[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2016,147:434-445.
[27] Toohey M,Sigl M. Volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections and aerosol optical depth from 500 BCE to 1900 CE[J]. Earth System Science Data,2017,9(2):809-831.
[28] Skouratov S. Influence of the Pinatubo eruption on the aerosol optical depth in the Arctic in the summer of 1993[J].Atmospheric Research,1997,44(1-2):125-132.
[29] Langmann B. On the role of climate forcing by Volcanic Sulphate and Volcanic Ash[J]. Advances in Meteorology,2014,2014:340123.
[30] He L J,Wang L C,Lin A W,et al. What drives changes in aerosol properties over the Yangtze River Basin in past four decades?[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2018,190:269-283.
[31]赵仕伟,高晓清.利用MODIS C6数据分析中国西北地区气溶胶光学厚度时空变化特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(7):2637-2646.Zhao S W,Gao X Q. Analysis of spatio-temporal distribution and variation characteristics of aerosol optical depth over the northwest of China by MODIS C6 product[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(7):2637-2646.
[32]纪晓璐,廉丽姝.京津冀辽鲁地区气溶胶光学厚度时空变化特征[J].山东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,32(1):118-123.Ji X L,Lian L S. Temporal and spatial variation charactistics of aerosol in the circum-bohai-sea region[J]. Journal of Shandong Normal University(Natural Science),2017,32(1):118-123.
[33] Xia X,Che H,Zhu J,et al. Ground-based remote sensing of aerosol climatology in China:Aerosol optical properties,direct radiative effect and its parameterization[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2016,124:243-251.
[34]黄丹丹,周敏,余传冠,等.长三角淳安地区二次颗粒物污染形成机制[J].环境科学,2018,39(12):5308-5314.Huang D D,Zhou M,Yu C G,et al. Physiochemical properties of the aerosol particles and their impacts on secondary aerosol formation at the background site of the Yangtze River Delta[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(12):5308-5314.
[35]牟臻,陈庆彩,王羽琴,等.西安市PM2. 5中碳质气溶胶污染特征[J].环境科学,2019,40(4):1-15.Mou Z, Chen Q C, Wang Y Q, et al. Characteristics of carbonaceous aerosol pollution in PM2. 5in Xi'an[J].Environmental Science,2019,40(4):1-15.
[2] He L J,Wang L C,Lin A W,et al. Performance of the NPPVIIRS and Aqua-MODIS aerosol optical depth products over the Yangtze River Basin[J]. Remote Sensing,2018,10(1):117.
[3]延昊,矫梅燕,毕宝贵,等.国内外气溶胶观测网络发展进展及相关科学计划[J].气象科学,2006,26(1):110-117.Yan H, Jiao M Y, Bi B G, et al. Advances in aerosol observation network and corresponding science plan[J]. Scientia Meteorologica Sinica,2006,26(1):110-117.
[4] Freemantle J,O'Neill N,Royer A,et al. AEROCAN:The Canadian sunphotometer network[A]. Proceedings of the 2005IEEE Workshop on Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Aerosols[C]. Tucson,AZ,USA:IEEE,2005. 32-35.
[5] Che H Z,Zhang X Y,Chen H B,et al. Instrument calibration and aerosol optical depth validation of the China aerosol remote sensing network[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2009,114(D3):D03206.
[6] Xu X F,Qiu J H,Xia X G,et al. Characteristics of atmospheric aerosol optical depth variation in China during 1993-2012[J].Atomospheric Environment,2015,119:82-94.
[7]薛文博,武卫玲,王金南,等.中国气溶胶光学厚度时空演变特征分析[J].环境与可持续发展,2013,38(4):17-20.Xue W B,Wu W L,Wang J N,et al. Analysis of temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of aerosol optical thickness in China[J]. Environment and Sustainable Development,2013,38(4):17-20.
[8] Luo Y X,Zheng X B,Zhao T L,et al. A climatology of aerosol optical depth over China from recent 10 years of MODIS remote sensing data[J]. International Journal of Climatology,2014,34(3):863-870.
[9]郑小波,罗宇翔,赵天良,等.中国气溶胶分布的地理学和气候学特征[J].地理科学,2012,32(3):265-272.Zheng X B,Lou Y X,Zhao T L,et al. Geographical and climatological characterization of aerosol distribution in China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2012,32(3):265-272.
[10]千家乐,刘朝顺.胡焕庸线两侧气溶胶光学厚度时空分布特征及其与土地利用响应的研究[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(2):752-760.Qian J L,Liu C S. Distributions and changes of aerosol optical depth on both sides of HU Huanyong Line and the response to land use and land cover[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2018,38(2):752-760.
[11]罗云峰,吕达仁,周秀骥,等. 30年来我国大气气溶胶光学厚度平均分布特征分析[J].大气科学,2002,26(6):721-730.Luo Y F,Lu D R,Zhou X J,et al. Analyses on the spatial distribution of aerosol optical depth over China in recent 30 years[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2002,26(6):721-730.
[12]罗云峰,吕达仁,李维亮,等.近30年来中国地区大气气溶胶光学厚度的变化特征[J].科学通报,2000,45(5):549-554.Lou Y F,LüD R,Li W L,et al. Characteristics of atmospheric aerosol optical depth variation over China in recent 30 years[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2000,45(14):1328-1334.
[13] Zhang Z Y,Wu W L,Wei J,et al. Aerosol optical depth retrieval from visibility in China during 1973-2014[J].Atmospheric Environment,2017,171:38-48.
[14] Li S S,Chen L F,Tao J H,et al. Retrieval of aerosol optical depth over bright targets in the urban areas of north China during winter[J]. Science China Earth Sciences,2012,55(9):1545-1553.
[15]齐玉磊,葛觐铭,黄建平.北方地区MODIS和MISR与AERONET气溶胶光学厚度的比较及其时空分布分析[J].科学通报,2013,58(17):1670-1679.Qi Y L,Ge J M,Huang J P. Spatial and temporal distribution of MODIS and MISR aerosol optical depth over northern China and comparison with AERONET[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,58(20):2479-2506.
[16]张宸赫,赵天良,王富,等. 2003~2014年东北三省气溶胶光学厚度变化分析[J].环境科学,2017,38(2):476-484.Zhang C H,Zhao T L,Wang F,et al. Variations in aerosol optical depth over three northeastern Provinces of China,in 2003-2014[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(2):476-484.
[17]李龙,施润和,张璐,等.华东地区MODIS与OMI气溶胶光学厚度数据融合[J].地球信息科学学报,2015,17(10):1224-1233.Li L,Shi R H,Zhang L,et al. Data fusion of MODIS AOD and OMIAOD over east China using universal kriging[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science,2015,17(10):1224-1233.
[18]刘浩,高小明,谢志英,等.京津冀晋鲁区域气溶胶光学厚度的时空特征[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(5):1506-1511.Liu H,Gao X M,Xie Z Y,et al. Spatio-temporal characteristics of aerosol optical depth over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-ShanxiShandong region during 2000—2013[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(5):1506-1511.
[19] Wang H,Yang L K,Deng A J,et al. Remote sensing of aerosol optical depth using an airborne polarimeter over north China[J].Remote Sensing,2017,9(10):979.
[20] Qie L L,Li Z Q,Sun X B,et al. Improving remote sensing of aerosol optical depth over land by polarimetric measurements at1640 nm:Airborne test in north China[J]. Remote Sensing,2015,7(5):6240-6256.
[21]李嘉伟,韩志伟.中国东部气溶胶光学厚度季节变化的数值模拟[J].遥感学报,2016,20(2):205-215.Li J W,Han Z W. Numerical simulation of the seasonal variation of aerosol optical depth over eastern China[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing,2016,20(2):205-215.
[22] Lin J T,van Donkelaar A,Xin J Y,et al. Clear-sky aerosol optical depth over east China estimated from visibility measurements and chemical transport modeling[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2014,95:258-267.
[23] Di A J,Xue Y,Yang X H,et al. Dust aerosol optical depth retrieval and dust storm detection for Xinjiang Region using Indian national satellite observations[J]. Remote Sensing,2016,8(9):702.
[24]胡俊,亢燕铭,陈勇航,等.基于MODIS_C006的乌鲁木齐10年气溶胶光学厚度变化特征[J].环境科学,2018,39(8):3563-3570.Hu J,Kang Y M,Chen Y H,et al. Analysis of aerosol optical depth variation characteristics for 10 years in Urumqi based on MODIS_C006[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(8):3563-3570.
[25]张天宇,王勇,程炳岩. 1961—2013年四川盆地气溶胶光学厚度的长期变化及与气温的联系[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(3):793-802.Zhang T Y,Wang Y,Cheng B Y. Long-term variation of aerosol optical depth over Sichuan Basin of China during 1961—2013and its relationship with temperature[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(3):793-802.
[26] Liu X Y,Chen Q L,Che H Z,et al. Spatial distribution and temporal variation of aerosol optical depth in the Sichuan basin,China,the recent ten years[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2016,147:434-445.
[27] Toohey M,Sigl M. Volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections and aerosol optical depth from 500 BCE to 1900 CE[J]. Earth System Science Data,2017,9(2):809-831.
[28] Skouratov S. Influence of the Pinatubo eruption on the aerosol optical depth in the Arctic in the summer of 1993[J].Atmospheric Research,1997,44(1-2):125-132.
[29] Langmann B. On the role of climate forcing by Volcanic Sulphate and Volcanic Ash[J]. Advances in Meteorology,2014,2014:340123.
[30] He L J,Wang L C,Lin A W,et al. What drives changes in aerosol properties over the Yangtze River Basin in past four decades?[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2018,190:269-283.
[31]赵仕伟,高晓清.利用MODIS C6数据分析中国西北地区气溶胶光学厚度时空变化特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(7):2637-2646.Zhao S W,Gao X Q. Analysis of spatio-temporal distribution and variation characteristics of aerosol optical depth over the northwest of China by MODIS C6 product[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(7):2637-2646.
[32]纪晓璐,廉丽姝.京津冀辽鲁地区气溶胶光学厚度时空变化特征[J].山东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,32(1):118-123.Ji X L,Lian L S. Temporal and spatial variation charactistics of aerosol in the circum-bohai-sea region[J]. Journal of Shandong Normal University(Natural Science),2017,32(1):118-123.
[33] Xia X,Che H,Zhu J,et al. Ground-based remote sensing of aerosol climatology in China:Aerosol optical properties,direct radiative effect and its parameterization[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2016,124:243-251.
[34]黄丹丹,周敏,余传冠,等.长三角淳安地区二次颗粒物污染形成机制[J].环境科学,2018,39(12):5308-5314.Huang D D,Zhou M,Yu C G,et al. Physiochemical properties of the aerosol particles and their impacts on secondary aerosol formation at the background site of the Yangtze River Delta[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(12):5308-5314.
[35]牟臻,陈庆彩,王羽琴,等.西安市PM2. 5中碳质气溶胶污染特征[J].环境科学,2019,40(4):1-15.Mou Z, Chen Q C, Wang Y Q, et al. Characteristics of carbonaceous aerosol pollution in PM2. 5in Xi'an[J].Environmental Science,2019,40(4):1-15.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |