崇左响水地区地下水水质分析及健康风险评价
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摘要
以崇左响水地区为研究区域,对区域内60个地下水样品中的常规指标和金属元素进行测定和分析,运用内梅罗综合指数法分析了不同类型地下水环境质量,应用健康风险评价模型评价了不同类型地下水的健康风险.结果表明,井水、泉水和地下河水的常规指标和金属元素均出现不同程度的超标现象,水质级别均为较差级别,地下河水的综合评价分值(F=4. 26)最低,井水和泉水的综合评价分值(F=7. 10)相同.高硬度和高矿化度利于Cr的富集,还原环境利于As的富集,Zn、Pb、Cd和Cu经过的环境地球化学作用相似,Fe、Al和Mn来源相似.健康风险评价表明,3种类型地下水的健康总风险偏高,大小顺序为井水>地下河水>泉水,主要来源于致癌性金属元素Cr.致癌总风险比非致癌总风险高4～6个数量级,致癌总风险均高于最大可接受风险水平(5. 0×10~(-5)a~(-1)),非致癌总风险均小于可接受的健康风险水平(10~(-6)a~(-1)).儿童健康总风险大于成人,经饮水途径引起的健康风险比皮肤接触途径高2～3个数量级.从饮水安全考虑,在饮用前需对井水、地下河水和泉水进行适当处理并实施对Cr污染物的控制.
To investigate the environmental quality and human health risks of different types of groundwater at Xiangshui,Chongzuo,several regular water quality indexes and concentrations of metals in 60 groundwater samples were measured and analyzed. The environmental quality of groundwater was analyzed by means of the Nemerow index. The health risks were assessed by using a human health risk assessment model. The regular water quality indexes and concentrations of metals of the well water,spring water,and underground river water exceeded the standards to different degrees. The environmental quality of groundwater was at a poor grade. The comprehensive evaluation score of underground river water(F = 4. 26) was the lowest. The well water had the same score as spring water(F = 7. 10). The high hardness and salinity were conducive to enrichment of Cr,and the reducing environment was of great advantage for the enrichment of As. The environmental geochemistry of Zn,Pb,Cd,and Cu was similar. The sources of Fe,Al,and Mn were similar. The results of the health risk assessment indicated that the health risks of well water,spring water,and underground river water were relatively high. The health risks decreased in the order of well water > underground river water > spring water. The health risks mainly came from the carcinogenic metallic element Cr. Carcinogenic risks were 4-6 orders of magnitude higher than noncarcinogenic risks. Carcinogenic risks were higher than the maximum allowance levels(5. 0 × 10~(-5) a~(-1)). Non-carcinogenic risks were lower than the allowance levels(10~(-6) a~(-1)). Children had greater health risks than adults. The health risks of metals through the drinking pathway were 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than the values caused by the dermal contact pathway. For the sake of drinking water safety,the well water,underground river water,and spring water should be properly treated and the concentration of Cr in groundwater should be controlled before drinking.
To investigate the environmental quality and human health risks of different types of groundwater at Xiangshui,Chongzuo,several regular water quality indexes and concentrations of metals in 60 groundwater samples were measured and analyzed. The environmental quality of groundwater was analyzed by means of the Nemerow index. The health risks were assessed by using a human health risk assessment model. The regular water quality indexes and concentrations of metals of the well water,spring water,and underground river water exceeded the standards to different degrees. The environmental quality of groundwater was at a poor grade. The comprehensive evaluation score of underground river water(F = 4. 26) was the lowest. The well water had the same score as spring water(F = 7. 10). The high hardness and salinity were conducive to enrichment of Cr,and the reducing environment was of great advantage for the enrichment of As. The environmental geochemistry of Zn,Pb,Cd,and Cu was similar. The sources of Fe,Al,and Mn were similar. The results of the health risk assessment indicated that the health risks of well water,spring water,and underground river water were relatively high. The health risks decreased in the order of well water > underground river water > spring water. The health risks mainly came from the carcinogenic metallic element Cr. Carcinogenic risks were 4-6 orders of magnitude higher than noncarcinogenic risks. Carcinogenic risks were higher than the maximum allowance levels(5. 0 × 10~(-5) a~(-1)). Non-carcinogenic risks were lower than the allowance levels(10~(-6) a~(-1)). Children had greater health risks than adults. The health risks of metals through the drinking pathway were 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than the values caused by the dermal contact pathway. For the sake of drinking water safety,the well water,underground river water,and spring water should be properly treated and the concentration of Cr in groundwater should be controlled before drinking.
引文
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