脑力负荷对安全标志认知影响差异研究
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摘要
为研究脑力负荷对安全标志识别程度的影响,设计了安全标志识别性试验。筛选出试验所需的信息量较高的安全标志,将被试以工作时间长度分为两组,测试被试在不同脑力负荷水平下对安全标志的识别率和反应时间。通过得到的五维标志特性分值,研究被试在不同脑力负荷下对标志特性的感知能力。结果表明:较高的脑力负荷则会影响工作者识别安全标志的正确率及反应时间;同等脑力负荷情况下,男性的识别能力要优于女性;随着脑力负荷的增加,被试对安全标志的语义接近性判断失误则是降低其识别能力的主要因素。安全作业中,使工作人员的脑力负荷处于适当的水平,对促进安全标志的正确识别以及避免脑力负荷过重形成安全隐患具有重要意义。
In order to study the influence of mental load on the identification of safety signs,the design of safety signs identification tests is needed. Firstly,we need to screen out the safety signs with high amount of information.Secondly,the subjects are divided into two groups according to the length of working hours to test the recognition rate and reaction time of safety signs at different levels of mental load. Finally,the five dimensional mark feature score is used to study the perceived ability of the subjects under different mental loads. The results show that a moderate amount of brain load is necessary to improve the correct and timely recognition of safety signs. Excessive mental load will affect the accuracy and reaction time of identifying safety signs. Under the same mental load,the ability of male recognition is better than that of women; with the increase of mental load,the judgment of the semantic proximity of safety signs of the subjects is the main factor to reduce their recognition ability. In safety operation,to keep the staff's mental load at an appropriate level is of great significance to promote the correct identification of safety signs and to avoid the hidden danger caused by mental overload.
In order to study the influence of mental load on the identification of safety signs,the design of safety signs identification tests is needed. Firstly,we need to screen out the safety signs with high amount of information.Secondly,the subjects are divided into two groups according to the length of working hours to test the recognition rate and reaction time of safety signs at different levels of mental load. Finally,the five dimensional mark feature score is used to study the perceived ability of the subjects under different mental loads. The results show that a moderate amount of brain load is necessary to improve the correct and timely recognition of safety signs. Excessive mental load will affect the accuracy and reaction time of identifying safety signs. Under the same mental load,the ability of male recognition is better than that of women; with the increase of mental load,the judgment of the semantic proximity of safety signs of the subjects is the main factor to reduce their recognition ability. In safety operation,to keep the staff's mental load at an appropriate level is of great significance to promote the correct identification of safety signs and to avoid the hidden danger caused by mental overload.
引文
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[19]高龙龙.流水单元下基于f NIRS的脑力疲劳对绩效的影响机制与因应[D].镇江:江苏科技大学,2017:56-61.
[20]肖元梅.脑力劳动者脑力负荷评价及其应用研究[D].成都:四川大学,2005.
[21]王文,王国霞,赵莹.国外社会性别发展研究进展及对我国性别教育的启示[J].东北师大学报(哲学社会科学版),2009(5):232-235.
[22]BRUYAS M P,LE B B,PAUZIE A.Ergonomic guidelines for the design of pictorial information[J].International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,1998,21(2):407-413.
[23]姜思宇.浅谈文字标志的设计特性[J].前沿,2012(15):186-187.
[2]胡祎程,周晓宏,王亮.工程项目现场安全标志有效性评价[J].中国安全科学学报,2012,22(8):37-42.
[3]卢海新.安全标志及安全色的使用[J].建筑安全,1999,14(2):36-38.
[4]李爽.基于图标和工作流的安全应急预案构建和应急决策研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016:31-48.
[5]牛国庆,崔彩彩,张坤.辅助文字对安全标志识别性影响的眼动研究[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2014,33(4):410-415.
[6]王春雪,吕淑然.情绪对安全标志识别影响研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(3):15-20.
[7]KIN W M S,MEI S L,YI L W.Children’s choice:Color associations in children’s safety sign design[J].Applied Ergonomics,2017,59:56-64.
[8]EMILIA D,FRANCISCO R,JULIA T,et al.Safety sign comprehension by students,adult workers and disabled persons with cerebral palsy[J].Safety Science,2014,62:175-186.
[9]袁京鹏.安全标志有效性影响因素实证研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2009:1-10.
[10]刘小明,王蔚,姜明,等.组合交通标志信息量阈值研究[J].交通运输工程学报,2016,16(1):141-148.
[11]王培,饶培伦.驾驶员对北京市道路交通标志的感知和理解[J].工业工程,2011,14(1):114-117.
[12]夏曦.脑力负荷下人因失误的实验研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2013:1-3.
[13]O’HARE D.Cognitive Functions and Performance Shaping Factors in Aviation Accidents and Incidents[J].The International Journal of Aviation Psychology,2006,16(2):145-156.
[14]MORAY N E.Mental Workload:Its Theory and Measurement[M].New York:Plenum,1979:3-19.
[15]李曼.中文版脑力负荷主观评估量表在上海市社区医师中信效度评估及应用[D].上海:复旦大学,2014.
[16]李亦农,李梅.信息论基础教程[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2005:10-25.
[17]胡祎程,周晓宏,王亮.安全标志识别性研究:标志特性及用户因素[J].中国安全科学学报,2013,23(3):16-21.
[18]MCDOUGALL S J P,CURRY M B,DE B O.Measuring symbol and icon characteristics:norms for concreteness,complexity,meaningfulness,familiarity,and semantic distance for 239 symbols[J].Behavior Research Methods,Instruments&Computers,1999,31(3):487-519.
[19]高龙龙.流水单元下基于f NIRS的脑力疲劳对绩效的影响机制与因应[D].镇江:江苏科技大学,2017:56-61.
[20]肖元梅.脑力劳动者脑力负荷评价及其应用研究[D].成都:四川大学,2005.
[21]王文,王国霞,赵莹.国外社会性别发展研究进展及对我国性别教育的启示[J].东北师大学报(哲学社会科学版),2009(5):232-235.
[22]BRUYAS M P,LE B B,PAUZIE A.Ergonomic guidelines for the design of pictorial information[J].International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,1998,21(2):407-413.
[23]姜思宇.浅谈文字标志的设计特性[J].前沿,2012(15):186-187.
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