青海地区农村土坯墙体保温改造热工性能研究
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摘要
针对青海地区气候条件和当地农村土坯建筑特点,采用傅氏级数表达室外综合温度函数作为墙体外侧热工分析的边界条件,基于墙体热工系统理论利用MATLAB编程计算分析土坯墙保温改造前后的延迟时间和衰减倍数,并通过谐波反应法计算改造前后墙体的净失热热流和内表面波动温度。结果表明,节能改造后的墙体失热热流有很大程度的减小。总体来说,改造后的土坯墙体节能率高达74%以上,且内表面温度有3.4～4.7℃的提高,不仅可提高室内辐射场温度,而且使得室内辐射场更加趋于均匀,可增加室内人员的热舒适性。同时这些研究和分析可为新型民居的设计提供量化依据与科学认识。
With the climate conditions in northwest Qinghai and the characteristics of local rural adobe buildings,the harmonic Fourier series to express the outdoor sol-air temperature function is adopted as outside boundary conditions for wall thermal analysis. Based on the theory of wall thermal system,time lag and decrement factor of the adobe wall before and after the thermal insulation renovation are calculated with Matlab. The net heat loss of the wall and the inner surface fluctuation temperature are calculated by the harmonic reaction method. The results show that the heat loss of the wall is reduced to a greatly extent after the insulation renovation,and the energy saving rate of the wall reaches up to 74% and the inner surface temperature has an increase from 3.4-4.7 ℃,which not only improves the indoor radiation field temperature,but also makes the indoor radiation field be more uniform,thus increasing the thermal comfort of the interior personnel. At the same time,the research and analysis for our new residential design provides a quantitative basis and scientific understanding.
With the climate conditions in northwest Qinghai and the characteristics of local rural adobe buildings,the harmonic Fourier series to express the outdoor sol-air temperature function is adopted as outside boundary conditions for wall thermal analysis. Based on the theory of wall thermal system,time lag and decrement factor of the adobe wall before and after the thermal insulation renovation are calculated with Matlab. The net heat loss of the wall and the inner surface fluctuation temperature are calculated by the harmonic reaction method. The results show that the heat loss of the wall is reduced to a greatly extent after the insulation renovation,and the energy saving rate of the wall reaches up to 74% and the inner surface temperature has an increase from 3.4-4.7 ℃,which not only improves the indoor radiation field temperature,but also makes the indoor radiation field be more uniform,thus increasing the thermal comfort of the interior personnel. At the same time,the research and analysis for our new residential design provides a quantitative basis and scientific understanding.
引文
[1]赵西平.西部传统夯土民居建筑抗震性能研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2011.[1] Zhao Xiping. Study on seismic behavior of China’s western traditional rammed earth resident buildings[D]. Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2011.
[2]苏何先,潘文,柏文峰,等.新型土坯墙体房屋抗震性能试验研究[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2015,37(6):54—61.[2] Su Hexian,Pan Wen,Bai Wenfeng,et al. Seismic behavior of new adobe walls structure[J]. Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering,2015,37(6):54—61.
[3]王毅红,卜永红,刘挺.生土结构房屋的承重土坯墙体抗震性能试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(Sup1):526—530.[3] Wang Yihong,Bu Yonghong,Liu Ting. Study on the aseismic behavior of adobe walls of raw-soil structure[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2010, 43(Sup1):526—530.
[4]刘艳峰,刘加平,张继良.传统夯土民居冬季热稳定性研究[J].四川建筑科学研究,2008,34(6):204—206.[4] Liu Yanfeng, Liu Jiaping, Zhang Jiliang. Thermal stability of traditional tamped-soil dwelling in winter[J]. Building Science Research of Sichuan,2008,34(6):204—206.
[5]赵西平,刘元,刘加平.秦岭山地传统民居冬季热工性能分析[J].太原理工大学学报,2006,37(5):565—567,571.[5] Zhao Xiping, Liu Yuan, Liu Jiaping. The thermal property of traditional residential architecture in Qinling mountain[J]. Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2006,37(5):565—567,571.
[6]贾瑞英.旧有建筑外墙保温改造的经济效益分析[J].低温建筑技术,2005,(4):87—88.[6] Jia Ruiying. Economical effection analyze of reforming old-building walls to save heat energy[J]. Low Temperature Architecture Technology, 2005,(4):87—88.
[7]耿幼明.既有办公建筑围护结构节能改造研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.[7] Geng Youming. Study on existing office building envelop energy efficiency retrofit[D]. Chongqing:Chongqing University,2015.
[8] GB 50176—93,民用建筑热工设计规范[S].[8] GB 50176—93, Code for thermal design of civil buildings[S].
[9] DB 63/877—2010,低层居住建筑节能设计标准[S].[9] DB 63/877—2010,Design standard for energy efficiency of low-rise residential buildings[S].
[10]庾汉成,白宗科.太阳能与青海民居建设[J].建筑节能,2009,38(4):42—47.[10] Yu Hancheng, Bai Zongke. Solar energy and the construction of housing in Qinghai province[J].Construction Conserves Energy,2009,38(4):42—47.
[11]彦启森,赵庆珠.建筑热过程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1986.[11] Yan Qisen,Zhao Qingzhu. Thermal process of building[M]. Beijing:Chinese Building Industrial Press,1986.
[12]中国气象局气象信息中心气象资料室,清华大学建筑科学系.中国建筑热环境分析专用气象数据集[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.[12] Meteorological Information Center, Meteorological Bureau of China Meteorological Administration,Department of Building Science,Tsinghua University.Special weather data set for China’s building thermal environment analysis[M]. Beijing:Chinese Building Industrial Press,2005.
[13]杨昭,郁文红,张甫仁.建筑物冬季太阳辐射得热分析[J].太阳能学报,2005,26(1):104—109.[13] Yang Zhao,Yu Wenhong,Zhang Furen. Analysis on the utilization of solar energy in south rooms of building in winter[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2005,26(1):104—10.
[14] DB 63/948—2011,青海省被动式太阳能采暖工程技术规程[S].[14] DB 63/948—2011,Technical specification for passive solar heating engineering in Qinghai province[S].
[15]马超,刘艳峰,王登甲,等.西北农村住宅建筑热工性能及节能策略分析[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2015,47(3):427—432.[15] Ma Chao,Liu Yanfeng,Wang Dengjia,et al. Analysis of thermal performance and energy saving strategy of rural residence building in northwest china[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Architecture&Technology:Natural Science Edition,2015,47(3):427—432.
[2]苏何先,潘文,柏文峰,等.新型土坯墙体房屋抗震性能试验研究[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2015,37(6):54—61.[2] Su Hexian,Pan Wen,Bai Wenfeng,et al. Seismic behavior of new adobe walls structure[J]. Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering,2015,37(6):54—61.
[3]王毅红,卜永红,刘挺.生土结构房屋的承重土坯墙体抗震性能试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(Sup1):526—530.[3] Wang Yihong,Bu Yonghong,Liu Ting. Study on the aseismic behavior of adobe walls of raw-soil structure[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2010, 43(Sup1):526—530.
[4]刘艳峰,刘加平,张继良.传统夯土民居冬季热稳定性研究[J].四川建筑科学研究,2008,34(6):204—206.[4] Liu Yanfeng, Liu Jiaping, Zhang Jiliang. Thermal stability of traditional tamped-soil dwelling in winter[J]. Building Science Research of Sichuan,2008,34(6):204—206.
[5]赵西平,刘元,刘加平.秦岭山地传统民居冬季热工性能分析[J].太原理工大学学报,2006,37(5):565—567,571.[5] Zhao Xiping, Liu Yuan, Liu Jiaping. The thermal property of traditional residential architecture in Qinling mountain[J]. Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2006,37(5):565—567,571.
[6]贾瑞英.旧有建筑外墙保温改造的经济效益分析[J].低温建筑技术,2005,(4):87—88.[6] Jia Ruiying. Economical effection analyze of reforming old-building walls to save heat energy[J]. Low Temperature Architecture Technology, 2005,(4):87—88.
[7]耿幼明.既有办公建筑围护结构节能改造研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.[7] Geng Youming. Study on existing office building envelop energy efficiency retrofit[D]. Chongqing:Chongqing University,2015.
[8] GB 50176—93,民用建筑热工设计规范[S].[8] GB 50176—93, Code for thermal design of civil buildings[S].
[9] DB 63/877—2010,低层居住建筑节能设计标准[S].[9] DB 63/877—2010,Design standard for energy efficiency of low-rise residential buildings[S].
[10]庾汉成,白宗科.太阳能与青海民居建设[J].建筑节能,2009,38(4):42—47.[10] Yu Hancheng, Bai Zongke. Solar energy and the construction of housing in Qinghai province[J].Construction Conserves Energy,2009,38(4):42—47.
[11]彦启森,赵庆珠.建筑热过程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1986.[11] Yan Qisen,Zhao Qingzhu. Thermal process of building[M]. Beijing:Chinese Building Industrial Press,1986.
[12]中国气象局气象信息中心气象资料室,清华大学建筑科学系.中国建筑热环境分析专用气象数据集[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.[12] Meteorological Information Center, Meteorological Bureau of China Meteorological Administration,Department of Building Science,Tsinghua University.Special weather data set for China’s building thermal environment analysis[M]. Beijing:Chinese Building Industrial Press,2005.
[13]杨昭,郁文红,张甫仁.建筑物冬季太阳辐射得热分析[J].太阳能学报,2005,26(1):104—109.[13] Yang Zhao,Yu Wenhong,Zhang Furen. Analysis on the utilization of solar energy in south rooms of building in winter[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2005,26(1):104—10.
[14] DB 63/948—2011,青海省被动式太阳能采暖工程技术规程[S].[14] DB 63/948—2011,Technical specification for passive solar heating engineering in Qinghai province[S].
[15]马超,刘艳峰,王登甲,等.西北农村住宅建筑热工性能及节能策略分析[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2015,47(3):427—432.[15] Ma Chao,Liu Yanfeng,Wang Dengjia,et al. Analysis of thermal performance and energy saving strategy of rural residence building in northwest china[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Architecture&Technology:Natural Science Edition,2015,47(3):427—432.
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