基于分布式光纤传感的变压器绕组变形检测与故障识别可行性研究
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摘要
绕组变形是变压器内部的常见故障之一,传统的绕组变形检测方法均属于离线检测,且无法识别故障形式。针对以上问题,提出了基于分布式光纤传感的变压器绕组变形检测方法,研制了光纤复合式绕组模型,模拟局部鼓包、内凹和绕组松动等变形情况,利用布里渊光时域反射计(Brillouinopticaltimedomainreflectometer,BOTDR)测量光纤应变变化情况,最后通过极限学习机(extreme learning machine, ELM)对检测信号进行模式识别。试验结果显示:光纤在绕组中有一定的预应力,光纤应变曲线的变化对应不同的绕组变形形式,该方法对正常绕组和不同变形形式的绕组识别准确率均为90%以上。分布式光纤传感技术能够有效实现变压器绕组变形检测,为变压器绕组变形在线监测和故障诊断提供了新的思路。
Winding distortion is a common faults inside the transformer. The traditional mature detecting method of winding deformation belongs to off-line detection, and can not judge the winding deformation mode. According to the above reasons, this paper proposes a detecting method of transformer winding deformation based on distributed optical fiber sensing. The built-in distributed optical fiber continuous winding model is used to simulate the winding deformation in practical operation. When the winding is partially deformed, the optical fiber strain will be measured by Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer(BOTDR). At last, the extreme learning machine(ELM) will make mode recognization to the detection signal. According to experimental results, the distributed optical fiber has some prestress in the winding, and the variation of fiber strain curve corresponds to different winding deformation. The accuracy of ELM is more than 90%for the winding and different deformation forms. The distributed optical fiber sensing technology can effectively detect the transformer winding deformation, which-provides a new idea for on-line monitoring of transformer winding deformation.
Winding distortion is a common faults inside the transformer. The traditional mature detecting method of winding deformation belongs to off-line detection, and can not judge the winding deformation mode. According to the above reasons, this paper proposes a detecting method of transformer winding deformation based on distributed optical fiber sensing. The built-in distributed optical fiber continuous winding model is used to simulate the winding deformation in practical operation. When the winding is partially deformed, the optical fiber strain will be measured by Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer(BOTDR). At last, the extreme learning machine(ELM) will make mode recognization to the detection signal. According to experimental results, the distributed optical fiber has some prestress in the winding, and the variation of fiber strain curve corresponds to different winding deformation. The accuracy of ELM is more than 90%for the winding and different deformation forms. The distributed optical fiber sensing technology can effectively detect the transformer winding deformation, which-provides a new idea for on-line monitoring of transformer winding deformation.
引文
[1]郭新辰,宋琼,樊秀玲.基于半监督分类方法的变压器故障诊断[J].高电压技术,2013,39(5):1096-1100.GUO Xinchen,SONG Qiong,FAN Xiuling.Transformer fault diagnosis based on semi-supervised classifying method[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(5):1096-1100.
[2]耿江海,钟正,刘云鹏,等.高电导率雾对悬式瓷质绝缘子交流闪络特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2017,43(9):2976-2982.GENG Jianghai,ZHONG Zheng,LIU Yunpeng,et al.Influence of high conductivity fog on AC flashover characteristics of suspension porcelain insulator[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(9):2976-2982.
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[4]丁刚.大型变压器在现场吊罩检查的探讨[J].电力建设,1987,8(9):43-50.DING Gang.Study of onsite examination to dedanking winding from large transformer[J].Electric Power Construction,1987,8(9):43-50.
[5]李世军,罗隆福,龙熹,等.基于新型磁场-电路耦合法的集成滤波电感变压器及滤波系统建模[J].高电压技术,2017,43(1):59-66.LI Shijun,LUO Longfu,LONG Xi,et al.Integrated filter inductor transformer and filter system modeling based on new magnetic field-circuit coupling method[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(1):59-66.
[6]欧小波,汲胜昌,彭晶,等.漏电抗的参数辨识技术在线监测变压器绕组变形的研究[J].高电压技术,2010,46(12):41-44.OU Xiaobo,JI Shengchang,PENG Jing,et al.Study on on-line detecting of transformer winding deformation based on parameter identification of leakage reactance[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,46(12):41-44.
[7]DIEK E P,ERVEN C C.Transformer diagnostic testing by frequency response analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1978,97(6):2144-2153.
[8]程文峰,喇元.变压器绕组频响范测试法相关问题的的研究[J].电测与仪表,2013,50(6):41-44.CHENG Wenfeng,LA Yuan.Research on related issues of transformer winding based on frequency response testing method[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2013,50(6):41-44.
[9]周求宽,万军彪,王丰华,等.电力变压器振动在线监测系统的开发与应用[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(3):162-166.ZHOU Qiukuan,WAN Junbiao,WANG Fenghua,et al.Design and implementation of online vibration monitoring system for power transformer[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(3):162-166.
[10]电力变压器绕组变形的电抗法检测判断导则:DL/T 1093-2008[S].北京:中国电力企业联合会,2008.Guide for reactance method to detect and diagnose winding deformation of power transformer:DL/T 1093-2008[S].Beijing,China:China Electricity Council,2008.
[11]ABU-SIADA A,ISLAM S M.A novel online technique to detect power transformer winding faults[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2012,27(2):894-857.
[12]MALEWSKI R,POILIN B.Impulse testing of power transformer using the transfer function method[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1988,3(2):476-489.
[13]DICK E P,EVEN C C.Transformer diagnostic testing by frequency response analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1978,97(6):2144-2153.
[14]GARCIA B,BURGOS J C,ALONSO A M.Transformer tank vibration modeling as a method of detecting winding deformations-Part I:Theoretical foundation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(1):157-163.
[15]BEHJAT V,VAHEDI A,SETAYESHMEHR A,et al.Diagnosing shorted turns on the windings of power transformers based upon online FRA using capacitive and inductive couplings[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2001,26(4):2123-2133.
[16]卞继城,郎婷婷,俞文杰.基于马赫-曾德尔干涉的温度和应变同时测量的光纤传感器研究[J].光电子激光,2015,26(11):2169-2174.BIAN Jicheng,LANG Tingting,YU Wenjie.Study of fiber sensor for the simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer[J].Journal of Optoelectronics Laser,2015,26(11):2169-2174.
[17]吴钰骅,沈林冲,金伟良.长距离光纤传感技术在地铁隧道监测中的应用[J].中国市政工程,2006(6):59-61,92.WU Yuhua,SHEN Linchong,JIN Weiliang.Application of long-distance optical fiber sensing technology in subway tunnel monitoring[J].China Municipal Engineering,2006(6):59-61,92.
[18]刘冠兰.地铁隧道变形监测关键技术与分析预报方法研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2013.LIU Guanlan.Study on key technology and analysis and forecast method of deformation monitoring for subway tunnel[D].Wuhan,China:Wuhan University,2013.
[19]罗俊华,邱毓昌,杨黎明.10 kV及以上电力电缆运行故障统计分析[J].高电压技术,2003,29(6):14-16.LUO Junhua,QIU Yuchang,YANG Liming.Statistical analysis of operation fault of 10 kV and above power cables[J].High Voltage Engineering,2003,29(6):14-16.
[20]刘云鹏,刘贺晨,杨照光,等.直流预压对XLPE中直流接地电树枝引发特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2017,43(2):666-672.LIU Yunpeng,LIU Hechen,YANG Zhaoguang,et al.Effect of DCpre-stress on the initiation characteristics of grounded DC tree in XLPE[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(2):666-672.
[21]刘云鹏,李演达,刘贺晨,等.XLPE直流接地电树枝生长特性及形态结构[J].高电压技术,2017,43(11):3551-3558.LIU Yunpeng,LI Yanda,LIU Hechen,et al.Grounded DC tree growth characters and propagation structure in XLPE[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(11):3551-3558.
[22]罗俊华,马翠姣,邱毓昌.35 kV及以下XLPE电力电缆试验方法的研究[J].电网技术,2000,24(12):58-61.LUO Junhua,MA Cuijiao,QIU Yuchang.Research on test method of XLPE power cable for 35 kV and below[J].Power Grid Technology,2000,24(12):58-61.
[23]张春熹,史洁琴,段靖远.航空电子系统的光纤网络结构与技术[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2006,32(11):1390-1394.ZHANG Chunxi,SHI Jieqin,DUAN Jingyuan.Fiber optic network structure and technology of avionics system[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2006,32(11):1390-1394.
[24]罗新,牛海清,胡日亮.基于小波包分解的XLPE配电电缆局部放电波形特征提取与识别[J].高压电器,2013,49(11):110-116,122.LUO Xin,NIU Haiqing,HU Riliang.Feature extraction and recognition of partial discharge waveform of XLPE distribution cable based on wavelet packet decomposition[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2013,49(11):110-116,122.
[25]HUANG G B,WANG D H,LAN Y.Extreme learning machines:a survey[J].International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics,2011,2(2):107-122.
[2]耿江海,钟正,刘云鹏,等.高电导率雾对悬式瓷质绝缘子交流闪络特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2017,43(9):2976-2982.GENG Jianghai,ZHONG Zheng,LIU Yunpeng,et al.Influence of high conductivity fog on AC flashover characteristics of suspension porcelain insulator[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(9):2976-2982.
[3]王世山,汲胜昌,李彦明.电缆绕组变压器短路时线圈轴向稳定性的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(2):167-171.WANG Shishan,JI Shengchang,LI Yanming.Study on axial stability in condition of short-circuit for power transformer using XLPE insulated cable windings[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2004,24(2):167-171.
[4]丁刚.大型变压器在现场吊罩检查的探讨[J].电力建设,1987,8(9):43-50.DING Gang.Study of onsite examination to dedanking winding from large transformer[J].Electric Power Construction,1987,8(9):43-50.
[5]李世军,罗隆福,龙熹,等.基于新型磁场-电路耦合法的集成滤波电感变压器及滤波系统建模[J].高电压技术,2017,43(1):59-66.LI Shijun,LUO Longfu,LONG Xi,et al.Integrated filter inductor transformer and filter system modeling based on new magnetic field-circuit coupling method[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(1):59-66.
[6]欧小波,汲胜昌,彭晶,等.漏电抗的参数辨识技术在线监测变压器绕组变形的研究[J].高电压技术,2010,46(12):41-44.OU Xiaobo,JI Shengchang,PENG Jing,et al.Study on on-line detecting of transformer winding deformation based on parameter identification of leakage reactance[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,46(12):41-44.
[7]DIEK E P,ERVEN C C.Transformer diagnostic testing by frequency response analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1978,97(6):2144-2153.
[8]程文峰,喇元.变压器绕组频响范测试法相关问题的的研究[J].电测与仪表,2013,50(6):41-44.CHENG Wenfeng,LA Yuan.Research on related issues of transformer winding based on frequency response testing method[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2013,50(6):41-44.
[9]周求宽,万军彪,王丰华,等.电力变压器振动在线监测系统的开发与应用[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(3):162-166.ZHOU Qiukuan,WAN Junbiao,WANG Fenghua,et al.Design and implementation of online vibration monitoring system for power transformer[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(3):162-166.
[10]电力变压器绕组变形的电抗法检测判断导则:DL/T 1093-2008[S].北京:中国电力企业联合会,2008.Guide for reactance method to detect and diagnose winding deformation of power transformer:DL/T 1093-2008[S].Beijing,China:China Electricity Council,2008.
[11]ABU-SIADA A,ISLAM S M.A novel online technique to detect power transformer winding faults[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2012,27(2):894-857.
[12]MALEWSKI R,POILIN B.Impulse testing of power transformer using the transfer function method[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1988,3(2):476-489.
[13]DICK E P,EVEN C C.Transformer diagnostic testing by frequency response analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1978,97(6):2144-2153.
[14]GARCIA B,BURGOS J C,ALONSO A M.Transformer tank vibration modeling as a method of detecting winding deformations-Part I:Theoretical foundation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(1):157-163.
[15]BEHJAT V,VAHEDI A,SETAYESHMEHR A,et al.Diagnosing shorted turns on the windings of power transformers based upon online FRA using capacitive and inductive couplings[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2001,26(4):2123-2133.
[16]卞继城,郎婷婷,俞文杰.基于马赫-曾德尔干涉的温度和应变同时测量的光纤传感器研究[J].光电子激光,2015,26(11):2169-2174.BIAN Jicheng,LANG Tingting,YU Wenjie.Study of fiber sensor for the simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer[J].Journal of Optoelectronics Laser,2015,26(11):2169-2174.
[17]吴钰骅,沈林冲,金伟良.长距离光纤传感技术在地铁隧道监测中的应用[J].中国市政工程,2006(6):59-61,92.WU Yuhua,SHEN Linchong,JIN Weiliang.Application of long-distance optical fiber sensing technology in subway tunnel monitoring[J].China Municipal Engineering,2006(6):59-61,92.
[18]刘冠兰.地铁隧道变形监测关键技术与分析预报方法研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2013.LIU Guanlan.Study on key technology and analysis and forecast method of deformation monitoring for subway tunnel[D].Wuhan,China:Wuhan University,2013.
[19]罗俊华,邱毓昌,杨黎明.10 kV及以上电力电缆运行故障统计分析[J].高电压技术,2003,29(6):14-16.LUO Junhua,QIU Yuchang,YANG Liming.Statistical analysis of operation fault of 10 kV and above power cables[J].High Voltage Engineering,2003,29(6):14-16.
[20]刘云鹏,刘贺晨,杨照光,等.直流预压对XLPE中直流接地电树枝引发特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2017,43(2):666-672.LIU Yunpeng,LIU Hechen,YANG Zhaoguang,et al.Effect of DCpre-stress on the initiation characteristics of grounded DC tree in XLPE[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(2):666-672.
[21]刘云鹏,李演达,刘贺晨,等.XLPE直流接地电树枝生长特性及形态结构[J].高电压技术,2017,43(11):3551-3558.LIU Yunpeng,LI Yanda,LIU Hechen,et al.Grounded DC tree growth characters and propagation structure in XLPE[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(11):3551-3558.
[22]罗俊华,马翠姣,邱毓昌.35 kV及以下XLPE电力电缆试验方法的研究[J].电网技术,2000,24(12):58-61.LUO Junhua,MA Cuijiao,QIU Yuchang.Research on test method of XLPE power cable for 35 kV and below[J].Power Grid Technology,2000,24(12):58-61.
[23]张春熹,史洁琴,段靖远.航空电子系统的光纤网络结构与技术[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2006,32(11):1390-1394.ZHANG Chunxi,SHI Jieqin,DUAN Jingyuan.Fiber optic network structure and technology of avionics system[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2006,32(11):1390-1394.
[24]罗新,牛海清,胡日亮.基于小波包分解的XLPE配电电缆局部放电波形特征提取与识别[J].高压电器,2013,49(11):110-116,122.LUO Xin,NIU Haiqing,HU Riliang.Feature extraction and recognition of partial discharge waveform of XLPE distribution cable based on wavelet packet decomposition[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2013,49(11):110-116,122.
[25]HUANG G B,WANG D H,LAN Y.Extreme learning machines:a survey[J].International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics,2011,2(2):107-122.
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