含深卸荷岩体拱坝坝肩变形特性及稳定分析
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摘要
叶巴滩拱坝作为混凝土双曲拱坝,坝高达到217 m,坝址区断层、挤压破碎带密布交错,且两坝肩在各高程范围均有深卸荷岩体分布,特别是在2 750 m高程,左右坝肩均存在强烈松弛岩体,由于其自身强度较低,可压缩性较强,对工程的稳定安全存在较大影响。针对上述问题,本文以地质力学模型试验为研究方法,对含深卸荷岩体的坝肩稳定及变形特性开展研究。首先建立叶巴滩拱坝2 750 m高程平面地质力学模型,通过超载法试验获得坝体变位和应变、坝肩及抗力体变位分布规律以及模型破坏过程和失稳形态等,数据分析得到起裂超载安全系数K1为1.6～1.8、非线性变形超载安全系数K2为2.4～2.6、极限超载安全系数K3为3.8～4.2,揭示了深卸荷岩体变形特性及对拱坝工作性态的影响。对试验数据的综合分析得出,在叶巴滩拱坝2 750 m高程中,左岸松弛带Ⅳs类岩体距离拱端更近,变形较右岸更大,对变位、荷载的传递具有更加明显的衰减作用,对工程稳定安全的不利影响作用显著。
As a typical concrete double-curvature arch dam, Yebatan arch dam has a height of 217 m. The faults and crushing fracture zones are densely intertwined at the dam site area, and deep unloading rock masses are distributed throughout the elevation range on both abutments. Especially at the elevation of 2 750 m, there are strong relaxation unloading rock masses on the left and right abutments. Because of its low strength and strong compressibility, it has an important effect on the stability and safety of the structure. In view of the above questions, the geo-mechanical model test is used to investigate the stability and deformation characteristics of the abutments with deep unloading rock masses in Yebatan arch dam. Firstly, a 2 750 m elevation plane model of Yebatan arch dam was established. Through the overloading test method, the displacement and strain of dam body, the distribution characteristic of displacement of abutment and resistance body, and the failure process and failure modes are obtained. According to the data analysis, the breakaway overload safety factor K1 is 1.6～1.8, the nonlinear deformation overload safety factor K2 is 2.4～2.6, and the ultimate overload safety factor K3 is 3.8～4.2. According to the results of the model test, the deformation characteristics of deep unloading rock masses and the influence on the working behavior of arch dams are obtained. It also indicates that at the 2 750 m elevation of Yebatan arch dam, the relaxation unloading rock masses with type Ⅳs on the left bank is closer to the arch end,and has larger displacement than the right bank, which has more significant attenuation effect on transmission of the displacement and the load, which has a significant impact on the stability and safety of the structure.
As a typical concrete double-curvature arch dam, Yebatan arch dam has a height of 217 m. The faults and crushing fracture zones are densely intertwined at the dam site area, and deep unloading rock masses are distributed throughout the elevation range on both abutments. Especially at the elevation of 2 750 m, there are strong relaxation unloading rock masses on the left and right abutments. Because of its low strength and strong compressibility, it has an important effect on the stability and safety of the structure. In view of the above questions, the geo-mechanical model test is used to investigate the stability and deformation characteristics of the abutments with deep unloading rock masses in Yebatan arch dam. Firstly, a 2 750 m elevation plane model of Yebatan arch dam was established. Through the overloading test method, the displacement and strain of dam body, the distribution characteristic of displacement of abutment and resistance body, and the failure process and failure modes are obtained. According to the data analysis, the breakaway overload safety factor K1 is 1.6～1.8, the nonlinear deformation overload safety factor K2 is 2.4～2.6, and the ultimate overload safety factor K3 is 3.8～4.2. According to the results of the model test, the deformation characteristics of deep unloading rock masses and the influence on the working behavior of arch dams are obtained. It also indicates that at the 2 750 m elevation of Yebatan arch dam, the relaxation unloading rock masses with type Ⅳs on the left bank is closer to the arch end,and has larger displacement than the right bank, which has more significant attenuation effect on transmission of the displacement and the load, which has a significant impact on the stability and safety of the structure.
引文
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[15]Yang Jinwang,Chen Yuan,Zhang Lin,et al.Stability of high bedding slope of rock based on comprehensive geo-mechanical model test[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2018,37(1):131-139.[杨金旺,陈媛,张林,等.基于地质力学模型试验综合法的顺层岩质高边坡稳定性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(1):131-139.]
[2]Sun Yunzhi,Huang Runqiu.Research on quantification index of rock mass in riverside unloading zone classification[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanic Sand Engineering,2012,31(Supp2):3942-3949.[孙云志,黄润秋.谷坡岩体卸荷带划分量化指标研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增刊2):3942-3949.]
[3]Liu Yunpeng,Li Hua,Li Chongbiao,et al.Characteristics and cause analysis of deep deformation and failure in dam area of Yebatan Hydropower Station[J].Design of Hydroelectric Power Station,2016,32(3):11-15.[刘云鹏,李华,李崇标,等.叶巴滩水电站坝区深部变形破裂特征及成因分析[J].水电站设计,2016,32(3):11-15.]
[4]Chen Ziyang,Zhao Qihua,Peng Sheqin,et al.Experimental study on similar material of deep unloading physical simulation test[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2014,31(9):93-98.[陈子杨,赵其华,彭社琴,等.深卸荷成因机理物理模拟试验相似材料研究[J].长江科学院院报,2014,31(9):93-98.]
[5]Han Gang,Zhao Qihua,Peng Sheqin.Geo-mechanical model for asymmetric distribution of deep-seated crack[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(11):2123-2130.[韩刚,赵其华,彭社琴.不对称发育深卸荷地质力学模式[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(11):2123-2130.]
[6]Ha Qiuling.Simulation analysis for rock mass engineering and rock mass mechanics the study on anisotropic excavation unloading rock mass mechanics[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2001,23(6):664-668.[哈秋舲.岩体工程与岩体力学仿真分析-各向异性开挖卸荷岩体力学研究[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(6):664-668.]
[7]Ha Qiuling.Study on the anisotropic unloading rock mass mechanics for the steep high rock slope of the Three Gorges Project permanent ship lock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(5):603-608.[哈秋舲.三峡工程永久船闸陡高边坡各向异性卸荷岩体力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(5):603-608.]
[8]Zhang Yongxing,Wang Guilin,Hu Juyi.Method and practice for stability analysis of rock caverns foundation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(12):1906.[张永兴,王桂林,胡居义.岩石洞室地基稳定性分析方法与实践[J].岩土力学,2005,26(12):1906.]
[9]Liu Guolin.Right forecasting of the high slope-Application of unloading rock mass mechanics of the T.G.P.[J].Journal of China Three Gorges University(Natural Sciences),2001,23(2):97-103.[刘国霖.高边坡演绎的准确预测-卸荷岩体力学在三峡船闸中的应用[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2001,23(2):97-103.]
[10]Wang Ruihong,Li Jianlin,Liu Jie.Three-dimensional stability analysis of dam abutment high slope dynamic behaviors considering rock mass unloading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp1):3515-3521.[王瑞红,李建林,刘杰等.考虑岩体开挖卸荷动态变化水电站坝肩高边坡三维稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增刊1):3515-3521.]
[11]Yang Baoquan,Xiong Ke,Chen Yuan,et al.Deformation monitoring information of geo-mechanical model test and its application in engineering[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2015,47(4):17-24.[杨宝全,熊科,陈媛,等.地质力学模型试验中的变位信息监测及其在工程中的应用[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2015,47(4):17-24.]
[12]张林,陈媛.水工大坝与地基模型试验及工程应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.
[13]Dong Jianhua,Zhang Lin,Xu Yuanfei,et al.Application of catastrophe theory to determine the instability criterion for geo-mechanical model test[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2017,49(4):18-25.[董建华,张林,徐远飞,等.突变理论在地质力学模型试验失稳判据中的应用[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(4):18-25.]
[14]Yang Baoquan,Zhang Lin,Chen Yuan,et al.Experimental and numerical comprehensive analysis on overall stability of JinpingⅠhigh arch dam[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2017,48(2):175-183.[杨宝全,张林,陈媛,等.锦屏一级高拱坝整体稳定物理与数值模拟综合分析[J].水利学报,2017,48(2):175-183.]
[15]Yang Jinwang,Chen Yuan,Zhang Lin,et al.Stability of high bedding slope of rock based on comprehensive geo-mechanical model test[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2018,37(1):131-139.[杨金旺,陈媛,张林,等.基于地质力学模型试验综合法的顺层岩质高边坡稳定性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(1):131-139.]
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