兖州矿区农村居民点景观格局变化分析
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摘要
[目的]自然、人文等因素综合影响矿区农村居民点的空间布局、变化特征。本文旨在探明兖州矿区农村居民点时空分布变化的原因。[方法]以2009年、2012年及2015年三期的遥感影像为基础资料,提取农村居民点、道路、塌陷积水区和河流等信息,结合GIS的空间分析方法和景观生态学理论进行定量研究。[结果]2009—2015年间,矿区农村居民点数量逐渐减少,总体空间布局较分散,仅部分区域呈现微弱的聚集态势;在道路、河流、塌陷积水区的综合影响下,居民点通过旧址重建、整合并建等方式向矿区外的城镇迁移。[结论]道路、塌陷积水区、河流及政策等是引起居民点变化的原因,其中采矿扰动是矿区内农村居民点空间特征变化的主要原因。该研究对土地合理利用及农村居民点搬迁选址等政府决策具有重要意义。
[Objective]The spatial distribution and variation characteristics of rural settlements in mining areas is the result of the interaction between natural and human factors.The study was aimed to explore the cause of the spatial and temporal distribution of rural residential zones in Yanzhou mining area.[Methods]In this paper,the remote sensing images of Yanzhou mining area collected in 2009,2012,and 2015 were used to extract the vector data of rural settlements,road networks,subsidence area,and rivers.The spatial pattern,the process,and the trend of the residential zones were quantitatively analyzed through GIS spatial analysis method and landscape ecology method.A series of landscape pattern indicators were employed to analyze the impact on the layout and evolution of rural settlements.[Results]The number of rural settlements in the mining area was in a decreasing trend,and the spatial distribution of the rural residential areas was in a state of decentralization from 2009 to 2015,but it showed a slight aggregation trend in some areas.Affected by road networks,rivers,and subsidence area,the settlements of the mining area were mainly migrated to the south-east and west through resettlement and consolidation.[Conclusion]Roads networks,subsidence areas,rivers,and policies are the major causes of residential relocation,and mining disturbance is a main contributorto the spatial characteristics of rural residential changes in the mining area.Present study is of importance for the government to make full use of land and support rural settlement.
[Objective]The spatial distribution and variation characteristics of rural settlements in mining areas is the result of the interaction between natural and human factors.The study was aimed to explore the cause of the spatial and temporal distribution of rural residential zones in Yanzhou mining area.[Methods]In this paper,the remote sensing images of Yanzhou mining area collected in 2009,2012,and 2015 were used to extract the vector data of rural settlements,road networks,subsidence area,and rivers.The spatial pattern,the process,and the trend of the residential zones were quantitatively analyzed through GIS spatial analysis method and landscape ecology method.A series of landscape pattern indicators were employed to analyze the impact on the layout and evolution of rural settlements.[Results]The number of rural settlements in the mining area was in a decreasing trend,and the spatial distribution of the rural residential areas was in a state of decentralization from 2009 to 2015,but it showed a slight aggregation trend in some areas.Affected by road networks,rivers,and subsidence area,the settlements of the mining area were mainly migrated to the south-east and west through resettlement and consolidation.[Conclusion]Roads networks,subsidence areas,rivers,and policies are the major causes of residential relocation,and mining disturbance is a main contributorto the spatial characteristics of rural residential changes in the mining area.Present study is of importance for the government to make full use of land and support rural settlement.
引文
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[13]姜广辉,张凤荣,秦静,等.北京山区农村居民点分布变化及其与环境的关系[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(11):85-92.
[14]段晶.农村居民点景观格局演变分析及其预测研究——以湖北省随县厉山镇为例[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2015.
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[16]王行风,汪云甲,马晓黎,等.煤矿区景观演变的生态累积效应——以山西省潞安矿区为例[J].地理研究,2011,30(5):879-892.
[2]刘静鹏.基于GIS的深州市农村居民点布局适宜性评价与布局优化研究[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2012.
[3]刘元慧,李钢.基于PSR模型和遥感的矿区生态安全评价——以兖州矿区为例[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2010,33(5):135-136.
[4]陈龙乾,郭达志,许善宽,李健民,张亦之.兖州矿区采煤塌陷地状况与综合治理途径研究[J].自然资源学报,2002(04):504-508.
[5]济宁市国土资源局.济宁市压煤村庄搬迁用地规划(2007-2020年)[Z].济宁市:济宁市国土资源局,2007:11-33.
[6]毛政元,李霖.空间模式的测度及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:8-66.
[7]闫庆武,卞正富.基于GIS-SDA的居民点空间分布研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2008,24(3):57-61.
[8]马利邦,郭晓东,张启媛.陇中黄土丘陵区乡村聚落的空间格局——以甘肃省通渭县为例[J].山地学报,2012,30(4):408-416.
[9]任平,洪步庭,刘寅,等.基于RS与GIS的农村居民点空间变化特征与景观格局影响研究[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3331-3340.
[10]Wong D,Lee J.ArcView GIS与ArcGIS地理信息统计分析[M].上海:中国财政经济出版社,2008:224-224.
[11]邬建国.景观生态学——格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:99-105.
[12]潘竟虎,靳学涛,韩文超.甘谷县农村居民点景观格局与空间分布特征[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2011,41(1):127-133.
[13]姜广辉,张凤荣,秦静,等.北京山区农村居民点分布变化及其与环境的关系[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(11):85-92.
[14]段晶.农村居民点景观格局演变分析及其预测研究——以湖北省随县厉山镇为例[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2015.
[15]邬建国.景观生态学——格局、过程、尺度与等级(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007:27-31.
[16]王行风,汪云甲,马晓黎,等.煤矿区景观演变的生态累积效应——以山西省潞安矿区为例[J].地理研究,2011,30(5):879-892.
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