水深对机枪密封式膛口流场影响的数值分析
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摘要
为了探究水深对水下机枪密封式膛口流场的影响,文章运用流体计算软件FLUENT,结合用户自定义函数(UDF)和动网格技术,对12.7 mm滑膛式机枪在1 m、50 m和100 m水深条件下的密封式膛口流场进行了数值分析。计算结果表明:随着水深增大,弹丸初速降低明显而膛压略有升高;弹丸膛外行程在不同水深条件下均满足指数函数规律;弹丸水下运动过程中,速度衰减随着速度降低而加快;水深越大,膛口流场激波膨胀区域越小,马赫盘位置离膛口越近,膨胀区头部温度越高而速度越低;200μs时刻,随着水深增大,燃气射流在越过马赫盘后温度出现峰值次数减少。由此可见,水深对水下机枪密封式发射内弹道结果和膛口流场的影响具有一定规律。
In order to explore the influence of water depth on the flow field of the sealed muzzle for underwater gun, the fluid calculation software FLUENT combined with the User's Defined Function(UDF) and dynamic grid technology are used to research the flow field of sealed muzzle under the conditions of 1 m,50 m and 100 m depth. The results show that with the increase of water depth, the muzzle velocity of the projectile decreases obviously and the chamber pressure is slightly increased. The displacement of the projectile satisfies the exponential function law under different water depth conditions. During the underwater motion of the projectile, the velocity decay is accelerated with the decrease of velocity. The expansion zone shrinks with increasing the water depth, and the temperature at the Mach disk position is higher while the velocity is lower. At 200 μs, as the water depth increases, the times of temperature peaks decrease after the gas jet passes over the Mach disk. It can be seen that the influence of water depth on the interior ballistic property and the muzzle flow field of the underwater machine gun has a certain regularity.
In order to explore the influence of water depth on the flow field of the sealed muzzle for underwater gun, the fluid calculation software FLUENT combined with the User's Defined Function(UDF) and dynamic grid technology are used to research the flow field of sealed muzzle under the conditions of 1 m,50 m and 100 m depth. The results show that with the increase of water depth, the muzzle velocity of the projectile decreases obviously and the chamber pressure is slightly increased. The displacement of the projectile satisfies the exponential function law under different water depth conditions. During the underwater motion of the projectile, the velocity decay is accelerated with the decrease of velocity. The expansion zone shrinks with increasing the water depth, and the temperature at the Mach disk position is higher while the velocity is lower. At 200 μs, as the water depth increases, the times of temperature peaks decrease after the gas jet passes over the Mach disk. It can be seen that the influence of water depth on the interior ballistic property and the muzzle flow field of the underwater machine gun has a certain regularity.
引文
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[2]Klingenberg G,Mach H.Investigation of combustion phenomena associated with the flow of hot propellant gases I:Spectroscopic temperature measurements inside the muzzle flash of a rifle[J].Combustion and Flame,1976,27(1):163-176.
[3]Jiang X H,Chen Z H,Fan B C,et al.Numerical simulation of blast flow fields induced by a high-speed projectile[J].Shock Waves,2008,18(3):205-212.
[4]吴伟,许厚谦,王亮,等.含化学反应膛口流场的无网格数值模拟[J].爆炸与冲击,2015,35(5):625-632.Wu W,Xu H Q,Wang L,et al.Numerical simulation of a muzzle flow field involving chemical reactions based on gridless method[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2015,35(5):625-632.
[5]Zhang H H,Chen Z H,Jiang X H,et al.Investigations on the exterior flow field and the efficiency of the muzzle brake[J]Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology,2013,27(1):95-101.
[6]Florio L A.Effect of vent opening area and arrangement on gas flow field as gas propelled cylinder exits a flow tube[J].Meccanica,2010,45(4):475-501.
[7]Xu X Q,Deng J,Ren A L,et al.The research on high-speed gas jet of rocket nozzle underwater[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,Ser.B.,2005,17(2):204-208.
[8]莽珊珊,余永刚.高压燃气射流在整装液体中扩展过程的实验和数值模拟[J].爆炸与冲击,2011,31(3):300-305.Mang S S,Yu Y G.Experiment and numerical simulation for high pressure combustible gas jet expansion process in a bulk-loaded liquid[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2011,31(3):300-305.
[9]唐云龙,李世鹏.高速欠膨胀射流结构及推力特征研究[J].船舶力学,2017,21(10):1218-1226.Tang Y L,Li S P.Researches on the characteristics of structure and thrust of jets underwater with under-expansion[J].Journal of Ship Mechanics,2017,21(10):1218-1226.
[10]Xue X C,Yu Y G,Zhang Q.Study on the effect of distance between the two nozzle holes on interaction of high pressure combustion-gas jets with liquid[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2014,85:675-686.
[11]Zhou L L,Yu Y G.Study on the gas-curtain generation characteristics by the multiple gas jets in a liquid-filled tube[J].Applied Ocean Research,2017,64:249-257.
[12]Zhou L L,Yu Y G.Study on interaction characteristics between multi gas jets and water during the underwater launching process[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,2017,83:200-206.
[13]Hu Z T,Yu Y G.Expansion characteristics of multiple wall jets in cylindrical observation chamber[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,113:1396-1409.
[14]刘育平,李金新,杨臻,等.水下炮内弹道分析与数值仿真[J].火炮发射与控制学报,2007,28(4):30-33.Liu Y P,Li J X,Yang Z,et al.Interior ballistics analysis and numerical simulation of underwater gun[J].Journal of Gun Launch&Control,2007,28(4):30-33.
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