防治金银花尺蠖幼虫高效药剂的筛选及应用评价
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摘要
为筛选防治金银花尺蠖Heterolocha jinyinhuaphaga Chu幼虫的高效、低残留杀虫剂,采用浸虫法和浸叶法分别测定了13种杀虫剂对金银花尺蠖幼虫的触杀毒力和胃毒毒力,筛选出高活性药剂,并对筛选的药剂进行田间防效试验及检测其在金银花中的农药残留量。毒力测定结果表明,甲维盐对金银花尺蠖2龄和4龄幼虫的毒力最高,触杀毒力LC_(ct50)分别为0.291、0.391 mg/L,胃毒毒力LC_(st50)分别为0.081、0.275 mg/L;多杀菌素、氟铃脲、氯虫苯甲酰胺药剂对金银花尺蠖幼虫也表现出较高的致毒作用。田间药效试验表明,有效成分用量2.25 g (a.i.)/hm~2的甲维盐、有效成分用量11.25 g (a.i.)/hm~2的多杀菌素对金银花尺蠖幼虫均有极好的防治效果,药后7 d防治效果分别为96.39%和93.13%,表明甲维盐和多杀菌素是防治金银花尺蠖幼虫的特效药剂。残留检测分析结果表明,有效成分用量6、12 g (a.i.)/hm~2的甲维盐喷雾处理3 d后,金银花中农药残留量分别为0.0219、0.0725 mg/kg,7 d后分别为0.0070、0.0168 mg/kg。
To screen pesticides efficient and secure for controlling Heterolocha jinyinhuaphaga Chu,the contact and stomach toxicity of 13 pesticides was tested against H. jinyinhuaphaga larvae by using the methods of leaf-dipping and body-dipping, respectively. The control efficacy of insecticides in the field and the residue dynamics of emamectin benzoate in honeysuckle were detected. The toxicity tests demonstrated that emamectin benzoate had the highest toxicity against H. jinyinhuaphaga larvae, and the values of contact toxicity LC_(ct50) against 2 nd and 4 th instars were 0.291 and 0.391 mg/L, respectively,while the values of stomach toxicity LC_(st50) against 2 nd and 4 th instars were 0.081 and 0.275 mg/L, respectively. In addition, spinosad, hexaflumuron and chlorantraniliprole also exhibited strong insecticidal activity. Field experiments indicated that emamectin benzoate and spinosad had the best control efficacy against H. jinyinhuaphaga among the five insecticides, and the control efficiencies of 2.25 g(a.i.)/hm~2 emamectin benzoate and 11.25 g(a.i.)/hm~2 spinosad after seven days were 96.39% and 93.13%, respectively, which showed that emamectin benzoate and spinosad were the specific insecticides for controlling H. jinyinhuaphaga. The residues of emamectin benzoate at the dosage of 6 g(a.i.)/hm~2 were 0.0219 and 0.0070 mg/kg at the 3 rd and 7 th day after spraying, respectively, and 0.0725 and 0.0168 mg/kg at the dosage of 12 g(a.i.)/hm~2.
To screen pesticides efficient and secure for controlling Heterolocha jinyinhuaphaga Chu,the contact and stomach toxicity of 13 pesticides was tested against H. jinyinhuaphaga larvae by using the methods of leaf-dipping and body-dipping, respectively. The control efficacy of insecticides in the field and the residue dynamics of emamectin benzoate in honeysuckle were detected. The toxicity tests demonstrated that emamectin benzoate had the highest toxicity against H. jinyinhuaphaga larvae, and the values of contact toxicity LC_(ct50) against 2 nd and 4 th instars were 0.291 and 0.391 mg/L, respectively,while the values of stomach toxicity LC_(st50) against 2 nd and 4 th instars were 0.081 and 0.275 mg/L, respectively. In addition, spinosad, hexaflumuron and chlorantraniliprole also exhibited strong insecticidal activity. Field experiments indicated that emamectin benzoate and spinosad had the best control efficacy against H. jinyinhuaphaga among the five insecticides, and the control efficiencies of 2.25 g(a.i.)/hm~2 emamectin benzoate and 11.25 g(a.i.)/hm~2 spinosad after seven days were 96.39% and 93.13%, respectively, which showed that emamectin benzoate and spinosad were the specific insecticides for controlling H. jinyinhuaphaga. The residues of emamectin benzoate at the dosage of 6 g(a.i.)/hm~2 were 0.0219 and 0.0070 mg/kg at the 3 rd and 7 th day after spraying, respectively, and 0.0725 and 0.0168 mg/kg at the dosage of 12 g(a.i.)/hm~2.
引文
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Eckel CS,Dunbar DM,White SM,Norton JA.1996.Experience with emamectin benzoate for control of Lepidoptera pest species in Florida vegetable production.Proceedings of Florida State Horticultural Society,109:205-207
Gao M,Deng ZR,Meng QW,Mu W.2011.Toxicities of 11 insecticides to Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)in laboratory.Agrochemicals Research&Application,15(3):17-20(in Chinese)[高明,邓兆荣,孟庆伟,慕卫.2011.11种杀虫剂对棉铃虫室内毒力测定.农药研究与应用,15(3):17-20]
Jiang M,Shao MG,Zhao BL.2005.Biology characteristic of Heterolocha jinyinhuaphaga Chu and the control methods.Shandong Forestry Science and Technology,(1):62-63(in Chinese)[姜敏,邵明果,赵伯林.2005.金银花尺蠖的生物学特性及防治技术.山东林业科技,(1):62-63]
Khan RA,Hamed M.2005.Toxicity of different groups of insecticides against first,second and third instar larvae of cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera(Hub.)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae).Pakistan Journal of Zoology,37(1):13-15
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Li XX,Ma XD,Xue M,Zhao HP,Li ZX.2014.Toxic effects of clothianidin and other five kinds of insecticides to Bradysia odoriphaga.Journal of Plant Protection,41(2):225-229(in Chinese)[李贤贤,马晓丹,薛明,赵海鹏,李朝霞.2014.噻虫胺等药剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的致毒效应.植物保护学报,41(2):225-229]
Liang JH,Wu CG,Yu QM.2015.Investigation on pesticide residues of the four seasons and tree type honey-suckle in Changde City.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,43(6):116-117(in Chinese)[梁继华,吴超广,喻全明.2015.常德市四季树型金银花农药残留调查.安徽农业科学,43(6):116-117]
Liu QZ,Kong WJ,Qiu F,Wei JH,Yang SH,Zheng YG,Yang MH.2012.One-step extraction for gas chromatography with flame photometric detection of 18 organophosphorus pesticides in Chinese medicine health wines.Journal of Chromatography B,885/886:90-96
Liu XY,Zhao LM.2011.Analysis on the situation and countermeasures of honeysuckle industry in Pingyi County.Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,(7):143-145(in Chinese)[刘孝勇,赵丽敏.2011.平邑县金银花产业发展现状及对策分析.黑龙江农业科学,(7):143-145]
Liu YN,Dong J,Li Y,Zhang JL,Wang PS,Ding WL.2015.Evaluation of field control efficiency of 25%thiamethoxam WG on honeysuckle aphid.Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica-World Science and Technology,17(1):249-253(in Chinese)[刘亚南,董杰,李勇,张金良,王品舒,丁万隆.2015.25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂对金银花蚜虫的田间防效评价.世界科学技术--中医药现代化,17(1):249-253]
Lu ZC,Zhao HY,Qiao L.2012.The laboratory test of thirteen insecticides against Ectropis oblique hypulina Wehrli.Pesticide Science and Administration,33(6):46-50(in Chinese)[卢兆成,赵海英,乔利.2012.13种杀虫剂防治茶尺蠖室内药效试验.农药科学与管理,33(6):46-50]
LüMX,Zhang Q.2016.Toxicity analysis of resistance to Plutella xylostella L.of 7 pesticides.Biological Disaster Science,39(4):246-249(in Chinese)[吕铭潇,张骞.2016.7种药剂对抗性小菜蛾的毒力分析.生物灾害科学,39(4):246-249]
Miao Q,Kong WJ,Wei JH,Yang SH,Yang MH.2012.Analysis and effective control of pesticides residues in traditional Chinese medicine.Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,14(4):363-370(in Chinese)[苗青,孔维军,魏建和,杨世海,杨美华.2012.中药材中农药残留现状及控制措施评析.农药学学报,14(4):363-370]
Ni YX,Chen ML,Liu HY,Wang M,Huang LQ.2006a.Effects of four fungicides on controlling the powdery mildew and their impact on quality of flos lonicerae,Lonicera japonica Thunb.Journal of Plant Protection,33(3):319-322(in Chinese)[倪云霞,陈美兰,刘红彦,王敏,黄璐琦.2006a.四种杀菌剂对金银花白粉病的防治效果及对金银花品质的影响.植物保护学报,33(3):319-322]
Ni YX,Liu XT,Liu YX,Liu HY.2006b.Pesticide control to Heterolocha jinyinhuaphaga Chu.Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,(12):78-79(in Chinese)[倪云霞,刘新涛,刘玉霞,刘红彦.2006b.金银花尺蠖的药剂防治.河南农业科学,(12):78-79]
Rong WG,Guo H,Yang H.2006.Current research status in China on pesticide contamination of plant material used in making Chinese herbal medicines.Agrochemicals,45(5):302-305(in Chinese)[荣伟广,郭华,杨红.2006.我国中药材农药残留污染研究现状.农药,45(5):302-305]
Shang XF,Pan H,Li MX,Miao XL,Ding H.2011.Lonicera japonica Thunb.:ethnopharmacology,phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional Chinese medicine.Journal of Ethnopharmacology,138(1):1-21
Song ZM,Xue M,Wang HT.2007.Effects of six insect growth regulators on the growth,development and reproduction of Delia antiqua(Meigen)(Diptera:Anthomyiidae).Acta Entomologica Sinica,50(8):775-781(in Chinese)[宋增明,薛明,王洪涛.2007.六种昆虫生长调节剂对葱蝇生长发育和繁殖力的影响.昆虫学报,50(8):775-781]
Sun Y,Liu L,Li ZX,Zhang X,Zhao HP,Xue M.2014.Honeysuckle in Shandong Province is mainly the occurrence of pest and comprehensive prevention and control technology.//Chen WQ.Academic Annual Conference of Botanical China Society of Plant Protection in 2014.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,pp.283-288(in Chinese)[孙莹,刘磊,李朝霞,张晓,赵海朋,薛明.2014.山东省金银花主要害虫的发生和综合防治技术.//陈万权.中国植物保护学会2014年学术年会论文集.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,pp.283-288]
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