感染马铃薯Y病毒烟株对烟蚜取食行为及烟蚜茧蜂适应性的影响
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摘要
为探明烟蚜茧蜂Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead对烟蚜Myzus persicae(Sulzer)取食感染马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)烟株的适应性,利用刺探电位图谱(EPG)技术记录了烟蚜在感病烟株与健康烟株上的取食行为,并测定了烟蚜茧蜂对取食2种烟株烟蚜的寄生率以及烟蚜茧蜂的羽化率、发育时间及性比等指标。结果表明,与健康烟株相比,烟蚜在感染PVY烟株上的第1次刺探取食持续时间显著延长,且口针遇到阻力的次数(F波)和总持续时间均显著减少。烟蚜在感病烟株木质部的吸食时间(G波)显著长于健康烟株。感病烟株上烟蚜在韧皮部阶段的分泌唾液时间(E1波)较在健康烟株上显著缩短,而被动吸食汁液时间(E2波)显著延长。烟蚜茧蜂寄生取食感染PVY烟株的烟蚜,虽然能成功完成其生活史,但适应性与寄生取食健康烟株烟蚜的蚜茧蜂存在差异。在感染PVY烟株上,烟蚜茧蜂对烟蚜的寄生率为33.67%,显著低于对照的64.67%;且僵蚜体重明显下降,羽化的成蜂个体较小;成蜂存活时间1.48 d也极显著短于对照组的2.25 d。表明烟蚜茧蜂对取食感染PVY烟株烟蚜的适应性较低,PVY可通过烟蚜为介体间接降低烟蚜茧蜂的适应力。
To elucidate the adaptability of Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead to Myzus persicae(Sulzer)which feeds on Potato virus Y(PVY)-infected tobacco, the probing behavior of the M. persicae, parasitized by A. gifuensis on healthy and PVY-infected tobacco were recorded by using electropenetrography(EPG). Additionally, the indexes of parasitism rate, emergence rate, developing time and progeny sex ratio of A. gifuensis on the healthy and infected tobacco plant were also explored. Compared with the control, the duration of the first probe in parasitized M. persicae on infected tobaccos was significantly prolonged and the number of F and the total duration of F waveforms were significantly reduced. The time of the actively sucking from xylem(G waveform) of M. persicae on infected tobaccos was significantly longer than the healthy tobacco, and the phloem phase compared with the healthy plant, the total duration of phloem sap ingestion(E1 waveform) of M. persicae on infected tobaccos was significantly shortened, whereas the duration in passive ingestion(E2 waveform) was significantly extended. Although A.gifuensis could complete their life cycle on M. persicae reared on infected tobacco, there were differences in adaptability of A. gifuensis comparing with the healthy plant. The parasitism rate of A. gifuensis to M. persicae on infected tobacco was 33.67%, which was lower than the control test(64.67%). The weight of mummy and the body size of newly emerged A. gifuensis adults on infected plants were both smaller than that on healthy tobacco. No significant difference was detected in progeny sex ratio of A.gifuensis both on healthy and infected treatments. The survival time of A. gifuensis adults on infected tobaccos was 1.48 d, which was significantly shorter than the control one(2.25 d). The study result showed the PVY infection has an adverse effect on A. gifuensis.
To elucidate the adaptability of Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead to Myzus persicae(Sulzer)which feeds on Potato virus Y(PVY)-infected tobacco, the probing behavior of the M. persicae, parasitized by A. gifuensis on healthy and PVY-infected tobacco were recorded by using electropenetrography(EPG). Additionally, the indexes of parasitism rate, emergence rate, developing time and progeny sex ratio of A. gifuensis on the healthy and infected tobacco plant were also explored. Compared with the control, the duration of the first probe in parasitized M. persicae on infected tobaccos was significantly prolonged and the number of F and the total duration of F waveforms were significantly reduced. The time of the actively sucking from xylem(G waveform) of M. persicae on infected tobaccos was significantly longer than the healthy tobacco, and the phloem phase compared with the healthy plant, the total duration of phloem sap ingestion(E1 waveform) of M. persicae on infected tobaccos was significantly shortened, whereas the duration in passive ingestion(E2 waveform) was significantly extended. Although A.gifuensis could complete their life cycle on M. persicae reared on infected tobacco, there were differences in adaptability of A. gifuensis comparing with the healthy plant. The parasitism rate of A. gifuensis to M. persicae on infected tobacco was 33.67%, which was lower than the control test(64.67%). The weight of mummy and the body size of newly emerged A. gifuensis adults on infected plants were both smaller than that on healthy tobacco. No significant difference was detected in progeny sex ratio of A.gifuensis both on healthy and infected treatments. The survival time of A. gifuensis adults on infected tobaccos was 1.48 d, which was significantly shorter than the control one(2.25 d). The study result showed the PVY infection has an adverse effect on A. gifuensis.
引文
Ajayi O,Dewar AM.1983.The effect of barley yellow dwarf virus on field populations of the cereal aphids,Sitobion avenae and Metopolophium dirhodum.Annals of Applied Biology,103(1):1-11
Belliure B,Janssen A,Maris PC,Peters D,Sabelis MW.2005.Herbivore arthropods benefit from vectoring plant viruses.Ecology Letters,8(1):70-79
Calvo D,Fereres A.2011.The performance of an aphid parasitoid is negatively affected by the presence of a circulative plant virus.BioControl,56(5):747-757
Castle SJ,Berger PH.1993.Rates of growth and increase of Myzus persicae on virus-infected potatoes according to type of virus-vector relationship.Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,69(1):51-60
Christiansen-Weniger P,Powell G,Hardie J.1998.Plant virus and parasitoid interactions in a shared insect vector/host.Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,86(2):205-213
de Moraes CM,Mescher MC,Tumlinson JH.2001.Caterpillar-induced nocturnal plant volatiles repel conspecific females.Nature,410(6828):577-580
Ellers J,van Alphen JJM,Sevenster JG.1998.A field study of size-fitness relationship in the parasitoid Asobara tabida.Journal of Animal Ecology,67(2):318-324
He YQ.2017.Studies on Aphidius gifuensis-Myzus persicae-PVY interactions.Ph.D Thesis.Chongqing:Southwest University(in Chinese)[何应琴.2017.烟蚜茧蜂-烟蚜-PVY互作关系研究.博士学位论文.重庆:西南大学]
He YQ,Zhang YQ,Chen JN,Chen WL,Zeng XY,Chen HT,Ding W.2018.Effects of Aphidius gifuensis on the feeding behavior and Potato virus Y transmission ability of Myzus persicae.Insect Science,25(6):1025-1034
Hodge S,Powell G.2008.Complex interactions between a plant pathogen and insect parasitoid via the shared vector-host:consequences for host plant infection.Oecologia,157(3):387-397
Huang J,Cardoza YJ,Schmelz EA,Raina R,Engelberth J,Tumlinson JH.2003.Differential volatile emissions and salicylic acid levels from tobacco plants in response to different strains of Pseudomonas syringae.Planta,217(5):767-775
Jiu M,Zhou XP,Tong L,Xu J,Yang X,Wan FH,Liu SS.2007.Vectorvirus mutualism accelerates population increase of an invasive whitefly.PLoS ONE,2(1):e182
Li H.2008.Development and reproduction of M.persieae(Sulzer)feeding on tobacco infected PVY at different temperature.Master Thesis.Chongqing:Southwest University(in Chinese)[李华.2008.烟草马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)病株及温度对烟蚜生长发育的影响.硕士学位论文.重庆:西南大学]
Liu B,Preisser EL,Chu D,Pan H,Xie W,Wang S,Wu Q,Zhou X,Zhang Y.2013.Multiple forms of vector manipulation by a plant-infecting virus:Bemisia tabaci and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus.Journal of Virology,87(9):4929-4937
Liu XD,Zhang XX,Zhai BP.2004.Host biotypes and their formation causes in aphids.Acta Entomologica Sinica,47(4):499-506(in Chinese)[刘向东,张孝羲,翟保平.2004.蚜虫寄主专化型及其成因.昆虫学报,47(4):499-506]
López OP,Hénaut Y,Cancino J,Lambin M,Cruz-López L,Rojas JC.2009.Is host size an indicator of quality in the mass-reared parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata(Hymenoptera:Braconidae)?Florida Entomologist,92(3):441-449
Mauck KE,de Moraes CM,Mescher MC.2014.Biochemical and physiological mechanisms underlying effects of Cucumber mosaic virus on host-plant traits that mediate transmission by aphid vectors.Plant,Cell&Environment,37(6):1427-1439
Miao J,Wu YQ,Yu ZX,Duan Y,Jiang YL,Li GP.2011.Comparative of feeding behaviors of Sitobion avenae,Sitobion graminum and Rhopalosiphum padi(Homoptera:Aphididae)using electrical penetration graph(EPG).Acta Ecologica Sinica,31(1):175-182(in Chinese)[苗进,武予清,郁振兴,段云,蒋月丽,李国平.2011.基于EPG的麦长管蚜、麦二叉蚜和禾谷缢管蚜取食行为比较.生态学报,31(1):175-182]
Munyaneza JE.2015.Zebra chip disease,Candidatus Liberibacter,and potato psyllid:a global threat to the potato industry.American Journal of Potato Research,92(2):230-235
Nogia VK,Singh V,Meghwal RR.2014.Effect of Cotton leaf curl virus infected plants on the biology of the whitefly,Bemisia tabaci(Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae):vector-virus mutualism.Phytoparasitica,42(5):619-625
Perez P,Tjallingii WF,Fereres A.1996.Probing behaviour of Myzus persicae during transmission of Potato virus Y to pepper and tobacco plants.Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection,103(3):246-254
Ponzio C,Gols R,Pieterse CMJ,Dicke M.2013.Ecological and phytohormonal aspects of plant volatile emission in response to single and dual infestations with herbivores and phytopathogens.Functional Ecology,27(3):587-598
Rehman A,Powell W.2010.Host selection behaviour of aphid parasitoids(Aphidiidae:Hymenoptera).Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science,2(10):299-311
Ren GW,Wang XF,Chen D,Wang XW,Fan XJ,Liu XD.2015.Potato virus Y-infected tobacco affects the growth,reproduction,and feeding behavior of a vector aphid,Myzus persicae(Hemiptera:Aphididae).Applied Entomology&Zoology,50(2):239-243
Sarria E,Cid M,Garzo E,Fereres A.2009.Excel workbook for automatic parameter calculation of EPG data.Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,67(1/2):35-42
Sequeira R,Mackauer M.1992.Covariance of adult size and development time in the parasitoid wasp Aphiduus ervi in relation to the size of its host,Acyrthosiphon pisum.Evolutionary Ecology,6(1):34-44
Shrestha D,Wenninger EJ,Hutchinson PJS,Whitworth JL,Mondal S,Eigenbrode SD,Bosque-Perez NA.2014.Interactions among potato genotypes,growth stages,virus strains,and inoculation methods in the Potato virus Y and green peach aphid pathosystem.Environmental Entomology,43(3):662-671
Tjallingii WF.1985.Electrical nature of recorded signals during stylet penetration by aphids.Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,38(2):177-186
Tjallingii WF.2001.Comparison of AC and DC systems for electronic monitoring of stylet penetration activities by homopterans.//Walker GP,Backus EA.Principles and applications of electronic monitoring and other techniques in the study of homopteran feeding behaviour.Lanham:Thomas Say Publications,pp.41-69
Vinson SB.1976.Host selection by insect parasitoids.Annual Review of Entomology,21(1):109-133
Wu XF,Deng JH,Huang JM,Liu J.2003.Studies on the selectivity of Aphidus gifuensis parasitizing Myzus nicotianae(Black)and the effect of the female parasite age on the sex of its progeny.Acta Tabacaria Sinica,9(2):31-34(in Chinese)[吴兴富,邓建华,黄江梅,刘江.2003.烟蚜茧蜂对烟蚜的选择性寄生及雌蜂年龄对后代性别的影响.中国烟草学报,9(2):31-34]
Yan FM.2000.Role of glucosinolates in the host plant part preferences by the cabbage aphid,Brevicoryne brassicae.Acta Entomologica Sinica,43(3):297-304(in Chinese)[阎凤鸣.2000.芥子油苷在甘蓝蚜寄主部位选择行为中的作用.昆虫学报,43(3):297-304]
Belliure B,Janssen A,Maris PC,Peters D,Sabelis MW.2005.Herbivore arthropods benefit from vectoring plant viruses.Ecology Letters,8(1):70-79
Calvo D,Fereres A.2011.The performance of an aphid parasitoid is negatively affected by the presence of a circulative plant virus.BioControl,56(5):747-757
Castle SJ,Berger PH.1993.Rates of growth and increase of Myzus persicae on virus-infected potatoes according to type of virus-vector relationship.Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,69(1):51-60
Christiansen-Weniger P,Powell G,Hardie J.1998.Plant virus and parasitoid interactions in a shared insect vector/host.Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,86(2):205-213
de Moraes CM,Mescher MC,Tumlinson JH.2001.Caterpillar-induced nocturnal plant volatiles repel conspecific females.Nature,410(6828):577-580
Ellers J,van Alphen JJM,Sevenster JG.1998.A field study of size-fitness relationship in the parasitoid Asobara tabida.Journal of Animal Ecology,67(2):318-324
He YQ.2017.Studies on Aphidius gifuensis-Myzus persicae-PVY interactions.Ph.D Thesis.Chongqing:Southwest University(in Chinese)[何应琴.2017.烟蚜茧蜂-烟蚜-PVY互作关系研究.博士学位论文.重庆:西南大学]
He YQ,Zhang YQ,Chen JN,Chen WL,Zeng XY,Chen HT,Ding W.2018.Effects of Aphidius gifuensis on the feeding behavior and Potato virus Y transmission ability of Myzus persicae.Insect Science,25(6):1025-1034
Hodge S,Powell G.2008.Complex interactions between a plant pathogen and insect parasitoid via the shared vector-host:consequences for host plant infection.Oecologia,157(3):387-397
Huang J,Cardoza YJ,Schmelz EA,Raina R,Engelberth J,Tumlinson JH.2003.Differential volatile emissions and salicylic acid levels from tobacco plants in response to different strains of Pseudomonas syringae.Planta,217(5):767-775
Jiu M,Zhou XP,Tong L,Xu J,Yang X,Wan FH,Liu SS.2007.Vectorvirus mutualism accelerates population increase of an invasive whitefly.PLoS ONE,2(1):e182
Li H.2008.Development and reproduction of M.persieae(Sulzer)feeding on tobacco infected PVY at different temperature.Master Thesis.Chongqing:Southwest University(in Chinese)[李华.2008.烟草马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)病株及温度对烟蚜生长发育的影响.硕士学位论文.重庆:西南大学]
Liu B,Preisser EL,Chu D,Pan H,Xie W,Wang S,Wu Q,Zhou X,Zhang Y.2013.Multiple forms of vector manipulation by a plant-infecting virus:Bemisia tabaci and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus.Journal of Virology,87(9):4929-4937
Liu XD,Zhang XX,Zhai BP.2004.Host biotypes and their formation causes in aphids.Acta Entomologica Sinica,47(4):499-506(in Chinese)[刘向东,张孝羲,翟保平.2004.蚜虫寄主专化型及其成因.昆虫学报,47(4):499-506]
López OP,Hénaut Y,Cancino J,Lambin M,Cruz-López L,Rojas JC.2009.Is host size an indicator of quality in the mass-reared parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata(Hymenoptera:Braconidae)?Florida Entomologist,92(3):441-449
Mauck KE,de Moraes CM,Mescher MC.2014.Biochemical and physiological mechanisms underlying effects of Cucumber mosaic virus on host-plant traits that mediate transmission by aphid vectors.Plant,Cell&Environment,37(6):1427-1439
Miao J,Wu YQ,Yu ZX,Duan Y,Jiang YL,Li GP.2011.Comparative of feeding behaviors of Sitobion avenae,Sitobion graminum and Rhopalosiphum padi(Homoptera:Aphididae)using electrical penetration graph(EPG).Acta Ecologica Sinica,31(1):175-182(in Chinese)[苗进,武予清,郁振兴,段云,蒋月丽,李国平.2011.基于EPG的麦长管蚜、麦二叉蚜和禾谷缢管蚜取食行为比较.生态学报,31(1):175-182]
Munyaneza JE.2015.Zebra chip disease,Candidatus Liberibacter,and potato psyllid:a global threat to the potato industry.American Journal of Potato Research,92(2):230-235
Nogia VK,Singh V,Meghwal RR.2014.Effect of Cotton leaf curl virus infected plants on the biology of the whitefly,Bemisia tabaci(Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae):vector-virus mutualism.Phytoparasitica,42(5):619-625
Perez P,Tjallingii WF,Fereres A.1996.Probing behaviour of Myzus persicae during transmission of Potato virus Y to pepper and tobacco plants.Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection,103(3):246-254
Ponzio C,Gols R,Pieterse CMJ,Dicke M.2013.Ecological and phytohormonal aspects of plant volatile emission in response to single and dual infestations with herbivores and phytopathogens.Functional Ecology,27(3):587-598
Rehman A,Powell W.2010.Host selection behaviour of aphid parasitoids(Aphidiidae:Hymenoptera).Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science,2(10):299-311
Ren GW,Wang XF,Chen D,Wang XW,Fan XJ,Liu XD.2015.Potato virus Y-infected tobacco affects the growth,reproduction,and feeding behavior of a vector aphid,Myzus persicae(Hemiptera:Aphididae).Applied Entomology&Zoology,50(2):239-243
Sarria E,Cid M,Garzo E,Fereres A.2009.Excel workbook for automatic parameter calculation of EPG data.Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,67(1/2):35-42
Sequeira R,Mackauer M.1992.Covariance of adult size and development time in the parasitoid wasp Aphiduus ervi in relation to the size of its host,Acyrthosiphon pisum.Evolutionary Ecology,6(1):34-44
Shrestha D,Wenninger EJ,Hutchinson PJS,Whitworth JL,Mondal S,Eigenbrode SD,Bosque-Perez NA.2014.Interactions among potato genotypes,growth stages,virus strains,and inoculation methods in the Potato virus Y and green peach aphid pathosystem.Environmental Entomology,43(3):662-671
Tjallingii WF.1985.Electrical nature of recorded signals during stylet penetration by aphids.Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,38(2):177-186
Tjallingii WF.2001.Comparison of AC and DC systems for electronic monitoring of stylet penetration activities by homopterans.//Walker GP,Backus EA.Principles and applications of electronic monitoring and other techniques in the study of homopteran feeding behaviour.Lanham:Thomas Say Publications,pp.41-69
Vinson SB.1976.Host selection by insect parasitoids.Annual Review of Entomology,21(1):109-133
Wu XF,Deng JH,Huang JM,Liu J.2003.Studies on the selectivity of Aphidus gifuensis parasitizing Myzus nicotianae(Black)and the effect of the female parasite age on the sex of its progeny.Acta Tabacaria Sinica,9(2):31-34(in Chinese)[吴兴富,邓建华,黄江梅,刘江.2003.烟蚜茧蜂对烟蚜的选择性寄生及雌蜂年龄对后代性别的影响.中国烟草学报,9(2):31-34]
Yan FM.2000.Role of glucosinolates in the host plant part preferences by the cabbage aphid,Brevicoryne brassicae.Acta Entomologica Sinica,43(3):297-304(in Chinese)[阎凤鸣.2000.芥子油苷在甘蓝蚜寄主部位选择行为中的作用.昆虫学报,43(3):297-304]
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