赣东北低山丘陵区农村居民点时空演变格局及影响因素研究——以江西省贵溪市为例
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摘要
科学辨识农村居民点的空间分布特征及其影响因素是研究城乡建设用地合理利用、农村居民点优化布局和村级土地利用规划的基础。选取赣东北低山丘陵区——贵溪市为研究区,综合运用空间自相关、标准距离、标准差椭圆及核密度分析等空间统计方法,全面分析了贵溪市2005—2015年农村居民点规模结构和空间分布的演变特征及其驱动因素。结果表明:2005—2015年贵溪市农村居民点空间分布模式的全局Moran’s I指数均表现出显著的空间正相关集聚态势;近10年来,农村居民点主要以东南-西北轴为扩展方向,东南、中部、西北3个方向为2005—2015年重点发展方向,西北方向最为突出,新增农村居民点主要集中分布在研究区中部和西北部区域;对比分析2005年和2015年农村居民点核密度分布情况,两个时期贵溪市农村居民点有集中收缩的趋势,均呈现"东南-西北密,西南-东北疏"的空间分布格局,空间形态表现为"大分散、小集聚"的分布特征。2005—2015年研究区农村居民点空间分布主要集中在海拔低、坡度缓、近河流、沿交通道路、距城镇近、无土壤侵蚀和地质灾害的区域。分析表明,研究区农村居民点是自然环境因素、自然灾害因素和社会经济因素共同作用的结果,农村居民点受到高程、坡度、河流、地质灾害、水土流失、交通道路、城镇、政策与规划导向等因素的显著影响,交通道路、城镇、政策与规划导向是影响贵溪市农村居民点空间分布格局的主要因素。
Scientifically identifying the spatial distribution characteristics of rural residential and its influence factors are the basis for urban and rural construction land,rural settlement and village planning optimization. Taking low mountains and hills of northeastern Jiangxi Province as a study area,the spatial statistics methods such as spatial autocorrelation,standard distance,standard deviational ellipse,and kernel density estimators were applied to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and influence factors of rural settlement in 2005 and 2015 in Guixi City comprehensively.The research results show that:Firstly,from 2005 to 2015,the Global Moran's I value of rural settlement area exhibited significant aggregation trend in Guixi City.Secondly,rural settlement mainly developed along a southeast-northwest axis in the study area in the past10 years.The southeast,middle and northwest were the important trend directions from 2005 to 2015,but the orientation of northeast was the most evident.The new rural settlement was mainly distributed in the central and northwest regions of Guixi City.Comparative analysis of the distribution of nuclear density in rural settlements in 2005 and 2015,there was a tendency of concentrated shrinkage in rural settlements during the two periods,which trend to southeast-northwest high and southwest?northeast low.The spatial distribution pattern appears to"big scattered,small agglomeration".From 2005 to 2015,rural settlements in study area were mainly distributed in areas with lower altitude,gentle slope,near rivers and roads,shorter distance to towns,no soil erosion,and no geological disasters.Rural settlements were the result of the interaction between natural environment factors,natural disaster factors,and socioeconomic factors in the study area.The rural residential area were significantly affected by elevation,slope,rivers,geological hazard,soil erosion,traffic roads,towns,policy,and planning guidance,but the traffic roads,towns,policy and planning guidance were the main influence factors in controlling spatial distribution pattern of rural settlements in Guixi City.
Scientifically identifying the spatial distribution characteristics of rural residential and its influence factors are the basis for urban and rural construction land,rural settlement and village planning optimization. Taking low mountains and hills of northeastern Jiangxi Province as a study area,the spatial statistics methods such as spatial autocorrelation,standard distance,standard deviational ellipse,and kernel density estimators were applied to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and influence factors of rural settlement in 2005 and 2015 in Guixi City comprehensively.The research results show that:Firstly,from 2005 to 2015,the Global Moran's I value of rural settlement area exhibited significant aggregation trend in Guixi City.Secondly,rural settlement mainly developed along a southeast-northwest axis in the study area in the past10 years.The southeast,middle and northwest were the important trend directions from 2005 to 2015,but the orientation of northeast was the most evident.The new rural settlement was mainly distributed in the central and northwest regions of Guixi City.Comparative analysis of the distribution of nuclear density in rural settlements in 2005 and 2015,there was a tendency of concentrated shrinkage in rural settlements during the two periods,which trend to southeast-northwest high and southwest?northeast low.The spatial distribution pattern appears to"big scattered,small agglomeration".From 2005 to 2015,rural settlements in study area were mainly distributed in areas with lower altitude,gentle slope,near rivers and roads,shorter distance to towns,no soil erosion,and no geological disasters.Rural settlements were the result of the interaction between natural environment factors,natural disaster factors,and socioeconomic factors in the study area.The rural residential area were significantly affected by elevation,slope,rivers,geological hazard,soil erosion,traffic roads,towns,policy,and planning guidance,but the traffic roads,towns,policy and planning guidance were the main influence factors in controlling spatial distribution pattern of rural settlements in Guixi City.
引文
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[11]张佳佳,赵小敏,郭熙,等.数量化赣南低山丘陵区农村居民点空间布局研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2016,21(6):152-163.Zhang J J,Zhao X M,Guo X,et al.Study on the spatial layout of hilly area rural settlements of Gannan based on quantification[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2016,21(6):152-163.
[12]沈陈华.丹阳市农村居民点空间分布尺度特征及影响因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(22):261-268.Shen C H.Spatial distribution scale characteristics of rural settlements and analysis on influencing factors in Danyang city[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(22):261-268.
[13]邹利林,王建英.中国农村居民点布局优化研究综述[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(4):59-68.Zou L L,Wang J Y.Review of research on layout optimization of rural settlements in China[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2015,25(4):59-68.
[14]马小娥,白永平,纪学朋,等.干旱区内陆河流域农村居民点时空格局演变及影响因素[J].中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(1):106-116.Ma X E,Bai Y P,Ji X P,et al.The spatial and temporal patterns of the rural settlements and the influence factors in the inland river basin of arid region[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2018,39(1):106-116.
[15]张晗,赵小敏,欧阳真程,等.多尺度下的南方山地丘陵区耕地质量空间自相关分析:以江西省黎川县为例[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(2):263-273.Zhang H,Zhao X M,Ouyang Z C,et al.Multi-scale spatial autocorrelation analysis of cultivated land quality in the southern hillside area of China:a case study of Lichuan County,Jiangxi Province[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2018,26(2):263-273.
[16]张晗,赵小敏,欧阳真程,等.基于空间自相关的耕地质量空间差异特征及耕地保护分区:以江西省上高县为例[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(1):304-312.Zhang H,Zhao X M,Ouyang Z C,et al.Spatial disparity features and protection zoning of cultivated land quality based on spatial autocorrelation:a case study of Shanggao County,Jiangxi Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(1):304-312.
[17]Bachi R.Standard distance measures and related methods for spatial analysis[J].Papers in Regional Science,1962,10(1):83-132.
[18]Lefever D W.Measuring geographic concentration by means of the standard deviational ellipse[J].The American Journal of Sociology,1926,32(1):88-94.
[19]Wong D W S.Several fundamentals in implementing spatial statistics in GIS:using centrographic measures as examples[J].Geographic Information Sciences,1999,5(2):163-173.
[20]Robert S Y.The standard deviational ellipse:an updated tool for spatial description[J].Geografiska Annaler.Series B,Human Geography,1971(1):28-39.
[21]赵璐,赵作权.基于特征椭圆的中国经济空间分异研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(8):979-986.Zhao L,Zhao Z Q.Projecting the spatial variation of economic based on the specific ellipses in China[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(8):979-986.
[22]任君临,方斌,许实.长江中下游地区耕地后备资源空间分布及影响因素研究[J].中国土地科学,2016,30(5):71-79.Ren J L,Fang B,Xu S.Study on spatial distribution and impact factors of reserved cultivated land resources in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River[J].China Land Sciences,2016,30(5):71-79.
[23]赵作权.地理空间分布整体统计研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(1):1-8.Zhao Z Q.Global statistics of spatial distribution:a literature review[J].Progress in Geography,2009,28(1):1-8.
[2]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2015[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2015.National Bureau of Statistics of China.China statistical yearbook 2015[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2015.
[3]海贝贝,李小建,许家伟.巩义市农村居民点空间格局演变及其影响因素[J].地理研究,2013,32(12):2257-2269.Hai B B,Li X J,Xu J W.Spatio-temporal evolution of rural settlements in Gongyi[J].Geographical Research,2013,32(12):2257-2269.
[4]刘明皓,李东鸿,夏保宝.基于PPA方法的农村居民点空间分布模式研究:以重庆市主城区为例[J].重庆邮电大学学报(自然科学版),2013,25(4):563-568.Liu M H,Li D H,Xia B B.Spatial distribution pattern of rural settlements based on point pattern analysis methods:a case study of Chongqing main district[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Natural Science Edition),2013,25(4):563-568.
[5]谢作轮,赵锐锋,姜朋辉,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区农村居民点空间重构:以榆中县为例[J].地理研究,2014,33(5):937-947.Xie Z L,Zhao R F,Jiang P H,et al.The rural residential space reconstruction in Loess Hilly Regions:a case study of Yuzhong county in Lanzhou[J].Geographical Research,2014,33(5):937-947.
[6]任平,洪步庭,刘寅,等.基于RS与G1S的农村居民点空间变化特征与景观格局影响研究[J].生报,2014,34(12):3331-3340.Ren P,Hong B T,Liu Y,et al.A study of spatial evolution characteristics of rural settlements and influences of landscape patterns on their distribution using GIS and RS[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(12):3331-3340.
[7]张颖,徐辉.基于MCR模型的农村居民点布局适宜性分区及优化模式研究:以南京市六合区金牛湖街道为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(11):1485-1492.Zhang Y,Xu H.Research on suitability subareas of rural residential distribution based on MCR model and optimization model:A case study of Jinniuhu Street in Nanjing,Luhe District[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2014,23(11):1485-1492.
[8]关小克,张凤荣,赵婷婷,等.北京市农村居民点整理分区及整理模式探讨[J].地域研究与开发,2010,29(3):114-118.Guan X K,Zhang F R,Zhao T T,et al.Regionalization and patterns of rural residential rearrangement in suburban area of Beijing[J].Areal Research and Development,2010,29(3):114-118.
[9]陈阳,李伟芳,任丽燕,等.空间统计视角下的农村居民点分布变化及驱动因素分析:以鄞州区滨海平原为例[J].资源科学,2014,36(11):2273-2281Chen Y,Li W F,Ren L Y,et al.Changes in the distribution of rural residential land on a Coastal Plain[J].Resources Science,2014,36(11):2273-2281
[10]陈德凡,焦欢,周启刚,等.基于SDA的西南低山丘陵区农村居民点空间特征分析:以重庆市长寿区为例[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(6):222-227.Chen D F,Jiao H,Zhou Q G,et al.Analysis of spatial characteristics of spatial characteristics of rural resident in hilly area of Southwest China based on SDA[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(6):222-227.
[11]张佳佳,赵小敏,郭熙,等.数量化赣南低山丘陵区农村居民点空间布局研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2016,21(6):152-163.Zhang J J,Zhao X M,Guo X,et al.Study on the spatial layout of hilly area rural settlements of Gannan based on quantification[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2016,21(6):152-163.
[12]沈陈华.丹阳市农村居民点空间分布尺度特征及影响因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(22):261-268.Shen C H.Spatial distribution scale characteristics of rural settlements and analysis on influencing factors in Danyang city[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(22):261-268.
[13]邹利林,王建英.中国农村居民点布局优化研究综述[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(4):59-68.Zou L L,Wang J Y.Review of research on layout optimization of rural settlements in China[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2015,25(4):59-68.
[14]马小娥,白永平,纪学朋,等.干旱区内陆河流域农村居民点时空格局演变及影响因素[J].中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(1):106-116.Ma X E,Bai Y P,Ji X P,et al.The spatial and temporal patterns of the rural settlements and the influence factors in the inland river basin of arid region[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2018,39(1):106-116.
[15]张晗,赵小敏,欧阳真程,等.多尺度下的南方山地丘陵区耕地质量空间自相关分析:以江西省黎川县为例[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(2):263-273.Zhang H,Zhao X M,Ouyang Z C,et al.Multi-scale spatial autocorrelation analysis of cultivated land quality in the southern hillside area of China:a case study of Lichuan County,Jiangxi Province[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2018,26(2):263-273.
[16]张晗,赵小敏,欧阳真程,等.基于空间自相关的耕地质量空间差异特征及耕地保护分区:以江西省上高县为例[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(1):304-312.Zhang H,Zhao X M,Ouyang Z C,et al.Spatial disparity features and protection zoning of cultivated land quality based on spatial autocorrelation:a case study of Shanggao County,Jiangxi Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(1):304-312.
[17]Bachi R.Standard distance measures and related methods for spatial analysis[J].Papers in Regional Science,1962,10(1):83-132.
[18]Lefever D W.Measuring geographic concentration by means of the standard deviational ellipse[J].The American Journal of Sociology,1926,32(1):88-94.
[19]Wong D W S.Several fundamentals in implementing spatial statistics in GIS:using centrographic measures as examples[J].Geographic Information Sciences,1999,5(2):163-173.
[20]Robert S Y.The standard deviational ellipse:an updated tool for spatial description[J].Geografiska Annaler.Series B,Human Geography,1971(1):28-39.
[21]赵璐,赵作权.基于特征椭圆的中国经济空间分异研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(8):979-986.Zhao L,Zhao Z Q.Projecting the spatial variation of economic based on the specific ellipses in China[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(8):979-986.
[22]任君临,方斌,许实.长江中下游地区耕地后备资源空间分布及影响因素研究[J].中国土地科学,2016,30(5):71-79.Ren J L,Fang B,Xu S.Study on spatial distribution and impact factors of reserved cultivated land resources in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River[J].China Land Sciences,2016,30(5):71-79.
[23]赵作权.地理空间分布整体统计研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(1):1-8.Zhao Z Q.Global statistics of spatial distribution:a literature review[J].Progress in Geography,2009,28(1):1-8.
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