我国农业大数据应用进展综述
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摘要
农业大数据已成为现代农业新型资源要素,也是重要的农业科技创新方向,不仅促进现代农业的生产、经营、管理和服务,而且还耦合催化三产融合。欧美发达国家特别注重农业大数据在现代农业中的作用,我国农业大数据的研究与应用也发展较快,农业数据具有涉及领域广、跨越周期长、采集难度大、处理较为繁杂的特点,因此系统梳理农业大数据应用进展,进一步明确未来发展方向,对我国农业大数据的研究和应用具有重要意义。本文通过文献调研并结合相关科研实践,对比分析了不同学者对农业大数据的定义,阐述了农业大数据的概念和内涵,系统综述了近年来农业大数据在管理与政策、工程与应用、技术与架构等方面的应用进展。最后,根据我国农业大数据发展的现状,指出平台与数据、需求与应用、交易与共享等农业大数据未来发展需要特别关注的三个方面,为进一步促进我国农业大数据领域发展提供建议。
Big data have become a new resource in modern agriculture and an important focus for technological innovation in agricultural science. Big data not only promote the production, operation, management and service provisions of modern agriculture, but also advance the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. In developed regions such as Europe and the United States, special attention has been paid to the role of big data in modern agriculture; in China, research and application of big data in agriculture have also developed rapidly. Agricultural data generally have large spatial and temporal coverages, and are difficult to collect and complicated to process.Therefore, it is of great significance for the research and application of agricultural big data in China to systematically review the progress regarding the application of such data and further clarify the direction of future development. In this study, a literature review is combined with related scientific research; definitions of big data in agriculture proposed by different researchers are compared and analyzed; concepts and matters relating to big data in agriculture are explained; and progress in the application of big data in agriculture in management and policy, engineering and application, and technology and infrastructure in recent years is systematically summarized. Finally, based on the current situation regarding the development of big data in agriculture in China,this review suggests three aspects where special attention should be paid to promote its development: the issues of platform and data, demand and application, and trade and sharing.
Big data have become a new resource in modern agriculture and an important focus for technological innovation in agricultural science. Big data not only promote the production, operation, management and service provisions of modern agriculture, but also advance the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. In developed regions such as Europe and the United States, special attention has been paid to the role of big data in modern agriculture; in China, research and application of big data in agriculture have also developed rapidly. Agricultural data generally have large spatial and temporal coverages, and are difficult to collect and complicated to process.Therefore, it is of great significance for the research and application of agricultural big data in China to systematically review the progress regarding the application of such data and further clarify the direction of future development. In this study, a literature review is combined with related scientific research; definitions of big data in agriculture proposed by different researchers are compared and analyzed; concepts and matters relating to big data in agriculture are explained; and progress in the application of big data in agriculture in management and policy, engineering and application, and technology and infrastructure in recent years is systematically summarized. Finally, based on the current situation regarding the development of big data in agriculture in China,this review suggests three aspects where special attention should be paid to promote its development: the issues of platform and data, demand and application, and trade and sharing.
引文
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[23]仪器信息网.农业部明确10个学科领域的观测监测任务[J].化学分析计量,2017,26(3):41.Instrument information network(www.instrument.com.cn).the Ministry of Agriculture Defines Observation and Monitoring Tasks in 10 Subject Areas[J].Chemical Analysis and Meterage,2017,26(3):41.
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[2]黎玲萍,毛克彪,付秀丽,等.国内外农业大数据应用研究分析[J].高技术通讯,2016,26(4):414-422.Li L P,Mao K B,Fu X L,et al.Analysis of the Research on Agricultural Big Data Applications at Home and Abroad[J].Chinese High Technology Letters,2016,26(4):414-422.
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[4]温孚江.农业大数据研究的战略意义与协同机制[J].高等农业教育,2013(11):3-6.Wen F J.Strategic Significance and Synergy Mechanism of Agricultural Big Data Research[J].Higher Agricultural Education,2013(11):3-6.
[5]孙忠富,杜克明,郑飞翔,等.大数据在智慧农业中研究与应用展望[J].中国农业科技导报,2013,15(6):63-71.Sun Z F,Du K M,Zheng F X,et al.Perspectives of Research and Application of Big Data on Smart Agriculture[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2013,15(6):63-71.
[6]张浩然,李中良,邹腾飞,等.农业大数据综述[J].计算机科学,2014,41(s2):387-392.Zhang H R,Li Z L,Zou T F,et al.Overview of Agriculture Big Data Research[J].Computer Science,2014,41(s2):387-392.
[7]宋长青,柳平增,任万明,等.实施现代农业大数据工程的理性思考[J].中国现代教育装备,2016(15):111-114.Song C Q,Liu P Z,Ren W M,et al.The Implementation of Modern Agricultural Big Data Project Rational Thinking[J].China Modern Educational Equipment,2016(15):111-114.
[8]孙海龙.农业大数据专家孙九林院士:数据信息改造传统农业[J].农业工程技术,2016,36(15):35-37.Sun H L.Agricultural Big Data Expert Sun Jiulin:Data Information Reforming Traditional Agriculture[J].Agricultural Engineering Technology,2016,36(15):35-37.
[9]王文生,郭雷风.农业大数据及其应用展望[J].江苏农业科学,2016,43(12):43-46.Wang W S,Guo Leifeng.The Application and Outlook of A-gricultural Big Data[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2016,43(12):43-46.
[10]温孚江.农业大数据与发展新机遇[J].中国农村科技,2013(10):14-14.Wen F J.The New Opportunities of Agricultural Big Data Development[J].China Rural Science&Technology,2013(10):14-14.
[11]屈冬玉.要抓紧实施农业大数据工程[J].农村工作通讯,2015(23):44-44.Qu D Y.Implementation of Agricultural Big Data Project[J].Rural Work Communication,2015(23):44-44.
[12]李涛.我国农业大数据建设探究[J].公路交通科技(应用技术版),2016(6):319-321.Li T.Research on Big Data Construction of Agriculture in China[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development(Applied Technology Edition),2016(6):319-321.
[13]王小兵,康春鹏.聚焦聚力推进农业大数据发展应用[N/OL].经济日报,2018-01-11[2018-02-11].http://www.ce.cn/xwzx/gnsz/gdxw/201801/11/t20180111_27679519.shtml.Wang X B,Kang C P.Focus on Cohesion to Boost Agricultural Development of Big Data Applications[N/OL].Economic Daily,2018-01-11[2018-02-11].http://www.ce.cn/xwzx/gnsz/gdxw/201801/11/t20180111_27679519.shtml.
[14]谢江林.国内首个现代农业大数据交易中心数博会期间上线[N].贵阳日报,2015年5月15日,第1版.Xie J L.China's First Trading Center of Modern Agricultural Big Data was Launched during the EXPO[N].Guiyang Daily,May 15,2015,edition 1.
[15]张保钢.国务院办公厅印发《科学数据管理办法》[J].北京测绘,2018(5):577.Zhang B G.《Scientific Data Management Method》Issued by General Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China[J].Beijing Surveying and Mapping,2018(5):577.
[16]张卫.农业部:推进农业农村大数据发展试建八类农产品单品种大数据[J].中国食品,2016(21):156-156.Zhang W.the Ministry of Agriculture:Promote the Development of Agricultural and Rural Big Data,Try to Build Eight Categories of Agricultural Single Variety Big Data[J].China Food,2016(21):156-156.
[17]许世卫.农业大数据与农产品监测预警[J].中国农业科技导报,2014,16(5):14-20.Xu S W.Agricultural Big Data and Monitoring and Early Warning of Agricultural Products[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2014,16(5):14-20.
[18]许世卫,王东杰,李哲敏.大数据推动农业现代化应用研究[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(17):3429-3438.Xu S W,Wang D J,Li Z M.Application Research on Big Data Promote Agricultural Modernization[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(17):3429-3438.
[19]许世卫.中国农业监测预警的研究进展与展望[J].农学学报,2018(1):197-202.Xu S W.Review on Research in Agricultural Monitoring and Early Warning in China[J].Journal of Agriculture,2018(1):197-202.
[20]秦学敏,陈位政,谭立伟,等.互联网思维下农业大数据的需求、现状与发展思考[J].农业工程技术,2015(36):44-47.Qin X M,Chen W Z,Tan L W,et al.Requirements,Current Situation and Development of Agricultural Big Data under the Internet Perspective[J].Agricultural Engineering Technology,2015(36):44-47.
[21]周国民.农业科学数据共享中心建设经验与体会[J].太原科技,2006(7):3-4.Zhou G M.Experience in the Construction of Agricultural Science Data Sharing Center[J].Taiyuan Science and Technology,2006(7):3-4.
[22]熊明民.加强我国农业科技基础性长期性数据监测工作的建议[J].农业科技管理,2015,34(5):39-42.Xiong M M.Suggestions for Strengthening the Monitoring on Fundamental and Long-Term Data of Agricultural Science and Technology in China[J].Management of Agricultural Science and Technology,2015,34(5):39-42.
[23]仪器信息网.农业部明确10个学科领域的观测监测任务[J].化学分析计量,2017,26(3):41.Instrument information network(www.instrument.com.cn).the Ministry of Agriculture Defines Observation and Monitoring Tasks in 10 Subject Areas[J].Chemical Analysis and Meterage,2017,26(3):41.
[24]王文生,郭雷风.关于我国农业大数据中心建设的设想[J].大数据,2016,2(1):28-34.Wang W S,Guo L F.Envisagement of the Construction of National Agricultural Big Data Center[J].Big Data Research,2016,2(1):28-34.
[25]柳平增.农业大数据平台在智慧农业中的应用[J].高科技与产业化,2015,11(5):68-71.Liu P Z.Application of Agricultural Big Data Platform in Smart Agriculture[J].High-Technology&Industrialization,2015,11(5):68-71.
[26]温孚江,宋长青.农业大数据应用、研究与展望[J].农业网络信息,2017(5):31-36.Wen F J,Song C Q.Application,Research and Prospect of Agricultural Big Data[J].Agriculture Network Information,2017(5):31-36.
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