化学调控对洞庭湖区不同群体夏玉米抗倒性及产量的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究化学调控措施对洞庭湖区夏玉米抗倒性及产量的影响,明确不同群体夏玉米适宜的化学调控措施,为洞庭湖区机收夏玉米的高产高效栽培提供理论与技术支撑。【方法】以机收夏玉米品种郑单958和湘农玉27号为材料,于2017—2018年在湖南桃源县木塘垸镇进行大田试验,比较1次化学调控(拔节初期)、2次化学调控(拔节初期+大喇叭口期)和无化学调控(对照)对低、中、高不同种植密度(60000、75000和90000株/ha)夏玉米抗倒性及产量的影响。【结果】随种植密度增大,夏玉米的株高和穗位高增高、茎秆变细、气生根数量减少,但适宜的化学调控措施可增加气生根数量,增大茎粗和茎秆拉折力,降低玉米株高、穗位高、穗高系数及玉米重心,进而提高玉米的抗倒性能,降低倒伏率与倒折率。玉米产量随种植密度增加而提高,且两年度表现一致。化学调控对玉米产量的影响存在年际间差异,可能与2017年异常天气状况有关。2017年,玉米产量随化学调控次数增加而下降;2018年,低种植密度下以无化学调控处理的产量最高,中种植密度下不同化学调控次数间的玉米产量差异不显著(P>0.05),而高种植密度下表现为1次化学调控>对照>2次化学调控。两个品种最高产量均在高种植密度、1次化控条件下获得。【结论】化学调控可明显提高玉米的抗倒伏能力,不同群体条件下宜采取不同的化学调控措施。夏玉米群体较大、长势良好条件下,于拔节初期喷施1次化学调控剂有助于提高玉米产量。
【Objective】The effect of chemical regulation measurements on lodging resistance and yield of summer maize were studied to clarify the suitable chemical regulation measures for different mechanical harvesting summer maize populations in Dongting Lake area. It provided theoretical and technical support for high yield and high efficiency cultivation of summer maize harvested by machine in Dongting Lake area.【Method】The field experiments were conducted in Mutangyuan,Taoyuan,Hunan in 2017-2018 to comparatively study none(CK),one time(at beginning of jointing stage)and two times(at early jointing period + big trumpet period)chemical regulation on the lodging resistance and yield of Zhengdan 958 and Xiangnongyu 27 under various plating population with low,medium and high planting densities(60000,75000 and 90000 plant/ha).【Result】With the increasing of maize planting density,the lodging risk were increased due to higher plant height and ear height,thinner stem and decline of aerial roots number. However,the appropriate chemical control measures could increase the number of aerial roots,the stem diameter and stalk breaking force,reduce the plant height,ear height and ear height coefficient,reduce the gravity center of maize,ultimately improve the lodging resistance reducing the lodging rate and folding rate. Maize yield increased as planting density rose,and the performance in two years was consistent. The effects of chemical control measurements on yield varied in different years,and it could relate to the adverse weather in 2017. In 2017,maize yield dropped as chemical control measurements times enhanced. In2018,yield in treatment of none chemical regulation was the highest under low density,and that of all treatments had no significant difference under medium density(P>0.05),while that showed the trend of one time chemical regulation treatment>control>two times chemical regulation treatment under high planting density. The highest yield of both varieties were obtained under high planting density and one chemical control.【Conclusion】Chemical regulation can clearly improve lodging resistance of maize,while optical chemical regulation measurements vary from different planting populations. Spraying chemical regulator for one time at the beginning of jointing can improve the yield of summer maize under the condition of large population and good growth.
【Objective】The effect of chemical regulation measurements on lodging resistance and yield of summer maize were studied to clarify the suitable chemical regulation measures for different mechanical harvesting summer maize populations in Dongting Lake area. It provided theoretical and technical support for high yield and high efficiency cultivation of summer maize harvested by machine in Dongting Lake area.【Method】The field experiments were conducted in Mutangyuan,Taoyuan,Hunan in 2017-2018 to comparatively study none(CK),one time(at beginning of jointing stage)and two times(at early jointing period + big trumpet period)chemical regulation on the lodging resistance and yield of Zhengdan 958 and Xiangnongyu 27 under various plating population with low,medium and high planting densities(60000,75000 and 90000 plant/ha).【Result】With the increasing of maize planting density,the lodging risk were increased due to higher plant height and ear height,thinner stem and decline of aerial roots number. However,the appropriate chemical control measures could increase the number of aerial roots,the stem diameter and stalk breaking force,reduce the plant height,ear height and ear height coefficient,reduce the gravity center of maize,ultimately improve the lodging resistance reducing the lodging rate and folding rate. Maize yield increased as planting density rose,and the performance in two years was consistent. The effects of chemical control measurements on yield varied in different years,and it could relate to the adverse weather in 2017. In 2017,maize yield dropped as chemical control measurements times enhanced. In2018,yield in treatment of none chemical regulation was the highest under low density,and that of all treatments had no significant difference under medium density(P>0.05),while that showed the trend of one time chemical regulation treatment>control>two times chemical regulation treatment under high planting density. The highest yield of both varieties were obtained under high planting density and one chemical control.【Conclusion】Chemical regulation can clearly improve lodging resistance of maize,while optical chemical regulation measurements vary from different planting populations. Spraying chemical regulator for one time at the beginning of jointing can improve the yield of summer maize under the condition of large population and good growth.
引文
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蒋飞,高园园,曾苏明.2011.化学调控剂对玉米生长发育及产量的影响[J].农业科技通讯,(6):39-40.[Jiang F,Gao Y Y,Zeng S M.2011.Effects of chemical regulators on maize growth and yield[J].Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology,(6):39-40.]
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李建军,靳海蕾,王昌亮,杨国立,王芬霞,许冬莲,洪玮,吴增兰,常建智.2016.化学调控剂对玉米农艺性状及产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,44(4):483-486.[Li J J,Jin HL,Wang C L,Yang G L,Wang F X,Xu D L,Hong W,Wu Z L,Chang J Z.2016.Effect of chemical regulation agent on agronomic traits and yield of maize[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,44(4):483-486.]
李慧明,段宏凯,平俊爱,李爱军,李卫东,杜志宏,吕鑫.2016.不同化控剂处理下玉米穗部性状与产量的研究[J].中国农学通报,32(9):52-57.[Li H M,Duan H K,Ping J A,Li A J,Li W D,Du Z H,LüX.2016.Spike traits and yield of maize treated by different chemical regulators[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,32(9):52-57.]
李宁,翟志席,李建民,吴沛波,段留生,李召虎.2008.密度对不同株型的玉米农艺、根系性状及产量的影响[J].玉米科学,16(5):98-102.[Li N,Zhai Z X,Li J M,Wu P B,Duan L S,Li Z H.2008.Effects of planting density on agricultural characters,root system characters and yield of different maize plant[J].Journal of Maize Science,16(5):98-102.]
裴志超,董志强,宋慧欣,郎书文,满杰.2014.聚糠萘合剂对东北寒地春玉米产量和茎秆质量的影响[J].北京农业,(12):17-20.[Pei Z C,Dong Z Q,Song H X,Lang S W,Man J.2014.Polyfuran naphthalene mixture on the yield and stem quality of spring maize in northeast cold region[J].Beijing Agriculture,(12):17-20.]
史磊,尤丹,肖万欣,赵海岩,徐亮.2014.化控剂对玉米光合作用、农艺性状和产量的影响[J].玉米科学,22(5):59-63.[Shi L,You D,Xiao W X,Zhao H Y,Xu L.2014.Effects of chemical regulators on photosynthetic characters,agronomic characters and yield characters of maize[J].Journal of Maize Science,22(5):59-63.]
田礼欣,李丽杰,刘旋,毕文双,佟昊阳,魏湜,顾万荣,李晶.2017.外源海藻糖对盐胁迫下玉米幼苗根系生长及生理特性的影响[J].江苏农业学报,33(4):754-759.[Tian LX,Li L J,Liu X,Bi W S,Tong H Y,Wei S,Gu W R,Li J.2017.Root growth and physiological characteristics of salt-stressed maize seedlings in response to exogenous trehalose[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,33(4):754-759.]
田晓东,边大红,蔡丽君,刘梦星,曹立燕,崔彦宏,张凤路.2014.高密条件下化学调控对夏玉米抗茎倒伏能力的影响[J].华北农学报,29(S):249-254.[Tian X D,Bian DH,Cai L J,Liu M X,Cao L Y,Cui Y H,Zhang F L.2014.Effects of chemical regulation on stalk lodging resistance of high-density summer maize[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,29(S):249-254.]
王春虎,杨文平,王昊,张宋.2012.化控药物对玉米植株部分性状及产量的影响[J].湖北农业科学,51(10):1967-1970.[Wang C H,Yang W P,Wang H,Zhang S.2012.Effects of different chemical control drugs on the traits and yield of maize[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,51(10):1967-1970.]
席凯鹏,席吉龙,杨娜,郝佳丽,张建诚,李永山,姚景珍.2017.玉黄金化控对玉米抗倒性及产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,45(6):993-995.[Xi K P,Xi J L,Yang N,Hao J L,Zhang J C,Li Y S,Yao J Z.2017.Effects of chemical control of Jade gold on lodging resistance and yield of maize[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,45(6):993-995.]
徐宇,孔祥清,付迪,白薇.2015.化控剂密高对玉米抗倒伏性的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,27(6):10-14.[Xu Y,Kong X Q,Fu D,Bai W.2015.Effects of chemical regulator,Migao on resistance to lodging[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,27(6):10-14.]
袁刘正,柳家友,王会强,付家锋,张运栋,吴伟华,闫海霞.2018.叶面肥和生长调节剂对玉米遮荫胁迫的缓解作用[J].河南农业科学,47(4):21-25.[Yuan L Z,Liu J Y,Wang H Q,Fu J F,Zhang Y D,Wu W H,Yan H X.2018.Mitigative effects of growth regulator and foliar fertilizer on maize under shading stress[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,47(4):21-25.]
赵成昊,葛超,景希强,高洪敏,王孝杰.2011.不同化学调控剂对辽东地区春玉米形态指标及产量的影响[J].耕作与栽培,(3):7-8.[Zhao C H,Ge C,Jing X Q,Gao H M,Wang X J.2011.Effects of different chemical regulators on morphological indexes and yield of spring maize in eastern Liaoning[J].Tillage and Cultivation,(3):7-8.]
周燚曦,张光旭,龚忠山,刘艳,王捷,顾贵飞.2018.种植密度对不同玉米品种生长及产量的影响分析[J].南方农业,12(24):41-42.[Zhou Y X,Zhang G X,Gong Z S,Liu Y,Wang J,Gu G F.2018.Effects of planting density on growth and yield of different maize varieties[J].South China Agriculture,12(24):41-42.]
樊海潮,顾万荣,尉菊萍,王悦力,孟瑶,张立国,李晶,魏湜.2017.植物生长调节剂增强玉米抗倒伏能力的机制[J].江苏农业学报,33(1):253-262.[Fan H C,Gu WR,Wei J P,Wang Y L,Meng Y,Zhang L G,Li J,Wei S.2017.Mechanism of lodging resistance of maize improved by plant growth regulator[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,33(1):253-262.]
范继征,闫飞燕,石达金,钟昌松,吕巨智.2012.不同密度与种植方式对玉米迪卡008主要农艺性状和产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,43(6):759-763.[Fan J Z,Yan F Y,Shi D J,Zhong C S,LüJ Z.2012.Effects of different planting densities and cultivation methods on major agronomic characters and yield of maize[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,43(6):759-763.]
蒋飞,高园园,曾苏明.2011.化学调控剂对玉米生长发育及产量的影响[J].农业科技通讯,(6):39-40.[Jiang F,Gao Y Y,Zeng S M.2011.Effects of chemical regulators on maize growth and yield[J].Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology,(6):39-40.]
焦浏.2014.东北地区春玉米密度对冠层结构与功能的影响及其化学调控[D].北京:中国农业科学院.[Jiao L.2014.Effects of planting densities on canopy structure,function of spring maize and chemical regulation[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.]
兰宏亮.2011.东北春玉米密度对根系质量的影响与化学调控机理研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院.[Lan H L.2011.Effects of planting density on root quality of highyield spring maize and chemical regulation[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.]
李建军,靳海蕾,王昌亮,杨国立,王芬霞,许冬莲,洪玮,吴增兰,常建智.2016.化学调控剂对玉米农艺性状及产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,44(4):483-486.[Li J J,Jin HL,Wang C L,Yang G L,Wang F X,Xu D L,Hong W,Wu Z L,Chang J Z.2016.Effect of chemical regulation agent on agronomic traits and yield of maize[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,44(4):483-486.]
李慧明,段宏凯,平俊爱,李爱军,李卫东,杜志宏,吕鑫.2016.不同化控剂处理下玉米穗部性状与产量的研究[J].中国农学通报,32(9):52-57.[Li H M,Duan H K,Ping J A,Li A J,Li W D,Du Z H,LüX.2016.Spike traits and yield of maize treated by different chemical regulators[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,32(9):52-57.]
李宁,翟志席,李建民,吴沛波,段留生,李召虎.2008.密度对不同株型的玉米农艺、根系性状及产量的影响[J].玉米科学,16(5):98-102.[Li N,Zhai Z X,Li J M,Wu P B,Duan L S,Li Z H.2008.Effects of planting density on agricultural characters,root system characters and yield of different maize plant[J].Journal of Maize Science,16(5):98-102.]
裴志超,董志强,宋慧欣,郎书文,满杰.2014.聚糠萘合剂对东北寒地春玉米产量和茎秆质量的影响[J].北京农业,(12):17-20.[Pei Z C,Dong Z Q,Song H X,Lang S W,Man J.2014.Polyfuran naphthalene mixture on the yield and stem quality of spring maize in northeast cold region[J].Beijing Agriculture,(12):17-20.]
史磊,尤丹,肖万欣,赵海岩,徐亮.2014.化控剂对玉米光合作用、农艺性状和产量的影响[J].玉米科学,22(5):59-63.[Shi L,You D,Xiao W X,Zhao H Y,Xu L.2014.Effects of chemical regulators on photosynthetic characters,agronomic characters and yield characters of maize[J].Journal of Maize Science,22(5):59-63.]
田礼欣,李丽杰,刘旋,毕文双,佟昊阳,魏湜,顾万荣,李晶.2017.外源海藻糖对盐胁迫下玉米幼苗根系生长及生理特性的影响[J].江苏农业学报,33(4):754-759.[Tian LX,Li L J,Liu X,Bi W S,Tong H Y,Wei S,Gu W R,Li J.2017.Root growth and physiological characteristics of salt-stressed maize seedlings in response to exogenous trehalose[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,33(4):754-759.]
田晓东,边大红,蔡丽君,刘梦星,曹立燕,崔彦宏,张凤路.2014.高密条件下化学调控对夏玉米抗茎倒伏能力的影响[J].华北农学报,29(S):249-254.[Tian X D,Bian DH,Cai L J,Liu M X,Cao L Y,Cui Y H,Zhang F L.2014.Effects of chemical regulation on stalk lodging resistance of high-density summer maize[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,29(S):249-254.]
王春虎,杨文平,王昊,张宋.2012.化控药物对玉米植株部分性状及产量的影响[J].湖北农业科学,51(10):1967-1970.[Wang C H,Yang W P,Wang H,Zhang S.2012.Effects of different chemical control drugs on the traits and yield of maize[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,51(10):1967-1970.]
席凯鹏,席吉龙,杨娜,郝佳丽,张建诚,李永山,姚景珍.2017.玉黄金化控对玉米抗倒性及产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,45(6):993-995.[Xi K P,Xi J L,Yang N,Hao J L,Zhang J C,Li Y S,Yao J Z.2017.Effects of chemical control of Jade gold on lodging resistance and yield of maize[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,45(6):993-995.]
徐宇,孔祥清,付迪,白薇.2015.化控剂密高对玉米抗倒伏性的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,27(6):10-14.[Xu Y,Kong X Q,Fu D,Bai W.2015.Effects of chemical regulator,Migao on resistance to lodging[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,27(6):10-14.]
袁刘正,柳家友,王会强,付家锋,张运栋,吴伟华,闫海霞.2018.叶面肥和生长调节剂对玉米遮荫胁迫的缓解作用[J].河南农业科学,47(4):21-25.[Yuan L Z,Liu J Y,Wang H Q,Fu J F,Zhang Y D,Wu W H,Yan H X.2018.Mitigative effects of growth regulator and foliar fertilizer on maize under shading stress[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,47(4):21-25.]
赵成昊,葛超,景希强,高洪敏,王孝杰.2011.不同化学调控剂对辽东地区春玉米形态指标及产量的影响[J].耕作与栽培,(3):7-8.[Zhao C H,Ge C,Jing X Q,Gao H M,Wang X J.2011.Effects of different chemical regulators on morphological indexes and yield of spring maize in eastern Liaoning[J].Tillage and Cultivation,(3):7-8.]
周燚曦,张光旭,龚忠山,刘艳,王捷,顾贵飞.2018.种植密度对不同玉米品种生长及产量的影响分析[J].南方农业,12(24):41-42.[Zhou Y X,Zhang G X,Gong Z S,Liu Y,Wang J,Gu G F.2018.Effects of planting density on growth and yield of different maize varieties[J].South China Agriculture,12(24):41-42.]
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