陆军特种作战部队400 m障碍训练疲劳程度的分析和评估
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摘要
目的了解特种作战部队军人400 m障碍训练的疲劳程度,筛选可用于疲劳程度评价的敏感指标。方法 2018年5-6月从某特种作战部队采用简单随机抽样的方法选择20名特种作战专业岗位战士作为训练组,严格按照特战部队考核标准进行400 m障碍训练,对训练前后各项疲劳程度相关指标进行比较分析。结果①400 m障碍训练后战士末梢血乳酸水平显著高于训练前静息水平(P<0.000 1),训练后唾液pH值与训练前静息水平比较无统计学差异;②与训练前静息水平比较,400 m障碍训练后战士心率、收缩压、舒张压和脉压差均显著增加(P<0.000 1),血流灌注指数和血氧饱和度均显著降低(P<0.000 1,P=0.001 5);③400 m障碍训练后战士习惯手、非习惯手握力及皮肤空间两点阈与训练前静息水平相比差异无统计学意义;④400 m障碍训练后战士神经行为能力各指标中视觉保留能力指数值与训练前静息水平比较显著降低(P=0.038 4),其他指标能力指数值与训练前静息水平比较无统计学差异;⑤400 m障碍训练前后战士心率、脉压差增长倍数显著高于5公里武装越野训练(P=0.043 7,P<0.000 1)。结论 400 m障碍训练为重度劳动强度,且显著高于5公里武装越野造成的疲劳程度;血乳酸、心率、动脉压、血氧饱和度、视觉保留能力指数等指标可作为评价特种作战专业岗位人员400 m障碍训练疲劳程度的敏感指标。
Objective To evaluate the training intensity and fatigue level after 400-meter barrier training in army special operations force(SOF), and to screen sensitive indicators for fatigue evaluation. Methods Twenty soldiers at professional posts were collected from a SOF unit during May and June 2018 by simple random sampling. They conducted a training of 400-meter barrier strictly according to the assessment criteria of SOF. Their fatigue indexes were collected before and after training. Results ① Compared with the resting level before 400-meter barrier training, the lactic acid level in the peripheral blood was increased significantly(P<0.000 1). But there was no statistical difference in the pH value of saliva between pre-and post-training; ②Compared with the resting levels before training, the heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure were elevated significantly after training(P<0.000 1), but the blood perfusion index and oxygen saturation were decreased remarkably(P<0.000 1, P=0.001 5); ③ Training showed no effect on the handgrip strength of the dominant and non-dominant hands and skin space thresholds; ④ The training reduced the indicators of neurobehavioral ability, such as visual attention span(P=0.038 4), but no such difference was seen in the other indexes. ⑤ The 400-meter barrier training showed better effectiveness on the improvement of heart rate and pulse pressure when compared with 5-kilometer armed off-road training(P=0.043 7, P<0.000 1). Conclusion The 400-meter barrier training is an activity of severe intensity and can cause a higher fatigue level than 5-kilometer armed off-road training. Blood lactic acid, heart rate, pulse pressure, oxygen saturation and visual attention span can be used as sensitive indicators to evaluate the training fatigue in SOF soldiers after 400-meter barrier training.
Objective To evaluate the training intensity and fatigue level after 400-meter barrier training in army special operations force(SOF), and to screen sensitive indicators for fatigue evaluation. Methods Twenty soldiers at professional posts were collected from a SOF unit during May and June 2018 by simple random sampling. They conducted a training of 400-meter barrier strictly according to the assessment criteria of SOF. Their fatigue indexes were collected before and after training. Results ① Compared with the resting level before 400-meter barrier training, the lactic acid level in the peripheral blood was increased significantly(P<0.000 1). But there was no statistical difference in the pH value of saliva between pre-and post-training; ②Compared with the resting levels before training, the heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure were elevated significantly after training(P<0.000 1), but the blood perfusion index and oxygen saturation were decreased remarkably(P<0.000 1, P=0.001 5); ③ Training showed no effect on the handgrip strength of the dominant and non-dominant hands and skin space thresholds; ④ The training reduced the indicators of neurobehavioral ability, such as visual attention span(P=0.038 4), but no such difference was seen in the other indexes. ⑤ The 400-meter barrier training showed better effectiveness on the improvement of heart rate and pulse pressure when compared with 5-kilometer armed off-road training(P=0.043 7, P<0.000 1). Conclusion The 400-meter barrier training is an activity of severe intensity and can cause a higher fatigue level than 5-kilometer armed off-road training. Blood lactic acid, heart rate, pulse pressure, oxygen saturation and visual attention span can be used as sensitive indicators to evaluate the training fatigue in SOF soldiers after 400-meter barrier training.
引文
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[8] 李代波,孙磊,王涛,等.坦克射击时舱室内有害气体对乘员生理及神经行为能力的影响[J].第三军医大学学报,2013,35(3):201-204.DOI:10.16016/j.1000-5404.2013.03.004.LI D B,SUN L,WANG T,et al.Effects of harmful gases in tank cabins on physiology and neurobehavioral abilities of crews after firing[J].J Third Mil Med Univ,2013,35(3):201-204.DOI:10.16016/j.1000-5404.2013.03.004.
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[10] 马志杰.特种部队“特”在何方?[J].国防科技,2004,25(9):58-59.DOI:10.13943/j.issn1671-4547.2004.09.015.MA Z J.Where is the “Special” of Special Forces?[J].Nat Defense Sci Tech,2004,25(9):58-59.DOI:10.13943/j.issn1671-4547.2004.09.015.
[11] 刘粤军.特种部队建设的特点和发展趋势[J].中国军事科学,2009(5):136-141.LIU Y J.Characteristics and trends of development of special forces[J].China Mil Sci,2009(5):136-141.
[12] 凡永艳,李泱,程文昆,等.高强度军事训练对官兵心血管系统的影响[J].解放军医学杂志,2018,43(4):345-350.DOI:10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2018.04.15.FAN Y Y,LI Y,CHENG W K,et al.Effects of high intensity military training on cardiovascular system of military personnel[J].Med J Chin PLA,2018,43(4):345-350.DOI:10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2018.04.15.
[13] 李昕,黄文旭,陆菊明,等.军事作业性疲劳的神经内分泌免疫机制研究[J].解放军医学杂志,2012,37(1):62-65.LI X,HUANG W X,LU J M,et al.Study of the neuroendocrine and immunologic mechanism of fatigue caused by military operations[J].Med J Chin PLA,2012,37(1):62-65.
[14] 李文选,汪济民,窦兰,等.军事体力劳动强度评价和分级标准的研究[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,1997,15(2):97-99.LI W X,WANG J M,DOU L,et al.Research on military physical labor intensity evaluation and classification standard[J].Chin J Ind Hyg Occup Dis,1997,15(2):97-99.
[15] 上官若男,苏全生,尚画雨,等.运动负荷强度与运动疲劳程度量化分级研究进展[J].中国康复医学杂志,2013,28(2):188-192.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1242.2013.02.025.SHANGGUAN R N,SU Q S,SHANG H Y,et al.Research progress on quantitative classification of exercise load intensity and exercise fatigue degree[J].Chin J Rehabili Med,2013,28(2):188-192.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1242.2013.02.025.
[16] GJB 1336-1992.军事体力劳动强度分级[S].北京:中国人民解放军总后勤部,1992.GJB 1336-1992.Classification of labor intensity at military physical work[S].Beijing:General Logistics Department of PLA,1992.
[17] 许岩丽.基于文献计量学的疲劳标志物的研究现状分析[J].中国全科医学,2017,20(36):4603-4608.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2017.36.026.XU Y L.Analysis of the research status of fatigue markers based on bibliometrics[J].Chin Gen Pract,2017,20(36):4603-4608.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2017.36.026.
[18] 林岭,张力为.运动性心理疲劳相关指标研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2008,27(2):231-234,242.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6710.2008.02.026.LIN L,ZHANG L W.Study on related indexes of sports psychological fatigue[J].Chin J Sports Med,2008,27(2):231-234,242.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6710.2008.02.026.
[19] 张连成,张力为.技能类项目运动员心理疲劳的评价标准[J].中国体育科技,2010,46(4):105-111.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-9826.2010.04.017.ZHANG L C,ZHANG L W.Evaluation of athlete’s mental tiredness in skill-oriented-sports[J].China Sport Sci Tech,2010,46(4):105-111.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-9826.2010.04.017.
[2] 陆建飞,彭呈仓.特种作战[M].北京:国防大学出版社,2005:2-48.LU J F,PENG C C.Special operations[M].Beijing:National Defense University Press,2005:2-48.
[3] 何全玲,焦卫宾.对近5年国内运动疲劳中有关机能监控研究方法的分析[J].首都体育学院学报,2004,16(4):111-113.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-783X.2004.04.042.HE Q L,JIAO W B.An analysis of the latest five years’ research method of functional monitor and control over athletic fatigue in China[J].J Capital Inst Physical Edu,2004,16(4):111-113.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-783X.2004.04.042.
[4] 曹庆雷,罗明刚.运动性疲劳生物标志物的研究进展[J].四川体育科学,2017,36(5):47-52.DOI:10.13932/j.cnki.sctykx.2017.05.12.CAO Q L,LUO M G.Advances in research on biomarkers of exercise induced fatigue[J].Sichuan Sports Sci,2017,36(5):47-52.DOI:10.13932/j.cnki.sctykx.2017.05.12.
[5] 黄琳苹,孙磊,邹鹏,等.陆军特战部队5公里武装越野训练疲劳程度的分析和评估[J].第三军医大学学报,2019,41(11):1007-1012.DOI:10.16016/j.1000-5404.201901045.HUANG L P,SUN L,ZOU P,et al.Analysis and assessment of fatigue degree after 5 km armed off-road training in army special operations force[J].Third Mil Med Univ,2019,41(11):1007-1012.DOI:10.16016/j.1000-5404.201901045.
[6] 孟谦谦,童建,顾君,等.通信基站电磁辐射对附近居民神经行为功能的影响[J].现代预防医学,2008,35(18):3495-3497.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-8507.2008.18.008.MENG Q Q,TONG J,GU J,et al.Effect of electromagnetic radiation from a mobile base station on the neurobehavioral function of nearby residents[J].Mod Prev Med,2008,35(18):3495-3497.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-8507.2008.18.008.
[7] SAKONG J,KANG P S,KIM C Y,et al.Evaluation of reliability of traditional and computerized neurobehavioral tests[J].Neurotoxicology,2007,28(2):235-239.DOI:10.1016/j.neuro.2006.03.004.
[8] 李代波,孙磊,王涛,等.坦克射击时舱室内有害气体对乘员生理及神经行为能力的影响[J].第三军医大学学报,2013,35(3):201-204.DOI:10.16016/j.1000-5404.2013.03.004.LI D B,SUN L,WANG T,et al.Effects of harmful gases in tank cabins on physiology and neurobehavioral abilities of crews after firing[J].J Third Mil Med Univ,2013,35(3):201-204.DOI:10.16016/j.1000-5404.2013.03.004.
[9] 李代波,孙磊,王涛,等.坦克舱室有害因素对乘员神经行为能力的影响[J].第三军医大学学报,2013,35(3):205-208.DOI:10.16016/j.1000-5404.2013.03.024.LI D B,SUN L,WANG T,et al.Effect of harmful factors on neurobehavioral abilities of crews in tank cabins[J].J Third Mil Med Univ,2013,35(3):205-208.DOI:10.16016/j.1000-5404.2013.03.024.
[10] 马志杰.特种部队“特”在何方?[J].国防科技,2004,25(9):58-59.DOI:10.13943/j.issn1671-4547.2004.09.015.MA Z J.Where is the “Special” of Special Forces?[J].Nat Defense Sci Tech,2004,25(9):58-59.DOI:10.13943/j.issn1671-4547.2004.09.015.
[11] 刘粤军.特种部队建设的特点和发展趋势[J].中国军事科学,2009(5):136-141.LIU Y J.Characteristics and trends of development of special forces[J].China Mil Sci,2009(5):136-141.
[12] 凡永艳,李泱,程文昆,等.高强度军事训练对官兵心血管系统的影响[J].解放军医学杂志,2018,43(4):345-350.DOI:10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2018.04.15.FAN Y Y,LI Y,CHENG W K,et al.Effects of high intensity military training on cardiovascular system of military personnel[J].Med J Chin PLA,2018,43(4):345-350.DOI:10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2018.04.15.
[13] 李昕,黄文旭,陆菊明,等.军事作业性疲劳的神经内分泌免疫机制研究[J].解放军医学杂志,2012,37(1):62-65.LI X,HUANG W X,LU J M,et al.Study of the neuroendocrine and immunologic mechanism of fatigue caused by military operations[J].Med J Chin PLA,2012,37(1):62-65.
[14] 李文选,汪济民,窦兰,等.军事体力劳动强度评价和分级标准的研究[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,1997,15(2):97-99.LI W X,WANG J M,DOU L,et al.Research on military physical labor intensity evaluation and classification standard[J].Chin J Ind Hyg Occup Dis,1997,15(2):97-99.
[15] 上官若男,苏全生,尚画雨,等.运动负荷强度与运动疲劳程度量化分级研究进展[J].中国康复医学杂志,2013,28(2):188-192.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1242.2013.02.025.SHANGGUAN R N,SU Q S,SHANG H Y,et al.Research progress on quantitative classification of exercise load intensity and exercise fatigue degree[J].Chin J Rehabili Med,2013,28(2):188-192.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1242.2013.02.025.
[16] GJB 1336-1992.军事体力劳动强度分级[S].北京:中国人民解放军总后勤部,1992.GJB 1336-1992.Classification of labor intensity at military physical work[S].Beijing:General Logistics Department of PLA,1992.
[17] 许岩丽.基于文献计量学的疲劳标志物的研究现状分析[J].中国全科医学,2017,20(36):4603-4608.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2017.36.026.XU Y L.Analysis of the research status of fatigue markers based on bibliometrics[J].Chin Gen Pract,2017,20(36):4603-4608.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2017.36.026.
[18] 林岭,张力为.运动性心理疲劳相关指标研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2008,27(2):231-234,242.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6710.2008.02.026.LIN L,ZHANG L W.Study on related indexes of sports psychological fatigue[J].Chin J Sports Med,2008,27(2):231-234,242.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6710.2008.02.026.
[19] 张连成,张力为.技能类项目运动员心理疲劳的评价标准[J].中国体育科技,2010,46(4):105-111.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-9826.2010.04.017.ZHANG L C,ZHANG L W.Evaluation of athlete’s mental tiredness in skill-oriented-sports[J].China Sport Sci Tech,2010,46(4):105-111.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-9826.2010.04.017.
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