福柯理性批判话语的深层路径及其“后理论”引题

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英文篇名：The Deep Path in Foucault's Critique of Reason and Its Enlightenments for Post-Theory 作者：刘阳 英文作者：Liu Yang;Department of Chinese,East China Normal University; 关键词：福柯 ; 理性批判 ; 外在于理性 ; 反理性 ; “理论” 英文关键词：Foucault;;critique of reason;;arational;;irrational;;theory 中文刊名：WYLL 英文刊名：Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art 机构：华东师范大学中文系; 出版日期：2019-01-25 出版单位：文艺理论研究 年：2019 期：v.39;No.222 基金：上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“‘后理论’的文学走向及其新型写作形态研究”[项目编号:2017BWY002];; 上海市曙光计划项目“事件论美学的形成机理研究”[项目编号:16SJ27]阶段性成果~~ 语种：中文; 页：WYLL201901003 页数：11 CN：01 ISSN：31-1152/I 分类号：34-44

摘要

在福柯前期对疯癫史四个阶段的考察中,理性压抑非理性的路径是逐渐微妙地将非理性的内涵由"外在于理性"缩换为"反理性"。前者不属理性,却兼容于完整的理性。后者不属(合)理性,拒斥狭义化的理性。后期福柯将康德启蒙观也置入后三阶段,显示这一压抑路径如何被强化,引出事件化思想。而最后一阶段以精神分析学为代表的"理论"之所以被福柯指认为推动着这一路径,是因为尽管"理论"表面产生于语言这一不及物的符号系统对意义的建构而不持合理性,但其揭示对象的深层结构时面临着悖论:依托于语言的"理论"仍不得不掩藏自己的深层结构以完成意义建构而避免自我解构。事实上"理论"重复操作语言论底牌,将符号区分关系固化为二元位置,与意图—效果模式合流而形成及物冲动,仍落入着合理性。"理论"之后便需要考虑如何来积极兼容上述悖论,并由此自然地走向文学及其"外在于理性"的思想方式以更新自己。
        In Foucault's early research on madness history which contains four stages, the path of reason repressing non-reason gradually transformed the connotation of non-reason from being "arational" to "irrational" in a subtle manner. The former is not being rational, but is compatible with complete reason. The latter is not being rational either and resists reason in the narrow sense, namely rationality. This path was strengthened in his later study which focused on Kant's idea of enlightenment and thus led to the thought of eventalization. Theory has pushed this process forward. This thesis presents an extended explanation of this important issue, and reveals the fact that Post-Theory has inevitably gone to literature.

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    ① 就此而言,一项虽令人生畏,却深具意义与价值的学术工程,是将康德三大批判重新奠立于语言论视野,进行充满难度与现代色彩的“批判哲学的语言批判”(即纯粹理性的语言批判、实践理性的语言批判与判断力的语言批判),其成果的艰辛实现可望开出康德研究新境界。
    ② 有学者“想用小说原本技巧,打败小说”(栾贵明:《小说逸语:钱锺书〈围城〉九段》,新世界出版社,2018年)第2页,也是出于对小说创作自身是否隐伏有自我解构因素的敏感与兴味。
    ③ 基于此,情感、想象与虚构等虽也属于文学的性质,却非文学的根本性质,它们都派生于语言这一文学的根本性质,语言的创造性活动从而也才是文学的本义。