“Go/NoGo”任务范式下乒乓球运动员对发球知觉判断的ERP研究
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摘要
目的:探讨优秀运动员在"Go/NoGo"任务中的脑电活动特征。方法:采用经典的"Go/NoGo"任务范式,请15名乒乓球运动员(专家组)和与之相匹配的15名乒乓球专项大学生(新手组),依据3D模拟的包含乒乓球和发球时击球部位的信息结构图片,识别能够发出侧下旋球的图片(Go)并按键做出反应,识别不能够发出侧下旋球的图片(NoGo)不按键(抑制),Go刺激和NoGo刺激的概率相等。试验过程中,采用64导事件相关电位系统(ERPs)记录与分析脑电活动数据,E-Prime2.0软件采集行为反应数据。试验后,采用SPSS19.0统计软件包对行为数据和ERPs成分的潜伏期、波幅等数据进行重复测量方差分析和事后比较。结果:(1)乒乓球运动员识别Go刺激的反应时显著短于专项大学生(P<0.05),反应正确率显著高于专项大学生(P=0.001);(2)乒乓球运动员在2种刺激条件下(Go和NoGo)的N2成分潜伏期不存在显著性差异,但在额区-中央区NoGo条件下的N2成分波幅显著大于Go条件(P<0.05);(3)乒乓球运动员在2种刺激条件下(Go和NoGo)的P3成分潜伏期不存在显著性差异,但在中央-顶区NoGo条件下的P3成分波幅显著大于Go条件(P<0.01)。结论:(1)乒乓球运动员识别发球旋转方式的速度快、准确性高;(2)乒乓球运动员在Go和NoGo条件下,额-中央区、中央-顶区比乒乓球专项大学生均有更大程度的激活,在N2、P3成分上出现了明显的"NoGo效应",即更大的NoGo-N2和NoGo-P3波幅,而乒乓球专项大学生则没有,说明乒乓球运动员抑制功能较强。
Objective:This study was to explore elite athletes' electrical activity of brain the"Go/NoGo"ask. Method:By using classic"Go/NoGo"paradigm,skilled table tennis athletes(15)and less-skilled college students(15)were compared when they were recognizing side underspin(Go)to press one key and nonside underspin(NoGo)not to press any key(inhibition)according to the 3 D pictures including ball and hitting locations,Go and NoGo stimuli appeared by equal probability. The data on electrical activity of brain were recorded and analyzed by event-related potentials(ERPs)including 64 electrodes,and the behavioral data were recorded by E-Prime2.0 software in the process of experiment. The SPSS19.0 statistical package was used to analyze the above data by the repeated measure ANOVA and Post Hoc Tests after the experiment. Results:1)Table Tennis Athletes' RT were significantly shorter(P<0.05)and their ACC higher(P=0.001)than college students during recognizing Go stimuli;2)Table tennis athletes' N2 peak latency didn't exist significant difference under Go and NoGo conditions,but NoGo stimuli evoked significantly larger N2 peak amplitude locating fronto-central scalp regions than Go stimuli(P<0.05);3)Table tennis athletes' P3 peak latency didn't exist significant difference under Go and NoGo conditions,but NoGo stimuli evoked significantly larger P3 peak amplitude locating central-parietal scalp regions than Go stimuli(P<0.01). Conclusions:1)The skilled table tennis athletes could recognize service types more quickly and accurately than the less-skilled college students;2)The skilled table tennis athletes' brains locating fronto-central and central-parietal scalp regions were activated significantly larger than the less-skilled college students under Go and NoGo conditions and appeared larger N2 and P3 peak amplitude what were called"NoGo effect",however the less-skilled college students were not,that proved table tennis athletes' powerful Inhibitory Control.
Objective:This study was to explore elite athletes' electrical activity of brain the"Go/NoGo"ask. Method:By using classic"Go/NoGo"paradigm,skilled table tennis athletes(15)and less-skilled college students(15)were compared when they were recognizing side underspin(Go)to press one key and nonside underspin(NoGo)not to press any key(inhibition)according to the 3 D pictures including ball and hitting locations,Go and NoGo stimuli appeared by equal probability. The data on electrical activity of brain were recorded and analyzed by event-related potentials(ERPs)including 64 electrodes,and the behavioral data were recorded by E-Prime2.0 software in the process of experiment. The SPSS19.0 statistical package was used to analyze the above data by the repeated measure ANOVA and Post Hoc Tests after the experiment. Results:1)Table Tennis Athletes' RT were significantly shorter(P<0.05)and their ACC higher(P=0.001)than college students during recognizing Go stimuli;2)Table tennis athletes' N2 peak latency didn't exist significant difference under Go and NoGo conditions,but NoGo stimuli evoked significantly larger N2 peak amplitude locating fronto-central scalp regions than Go stimuli(P<0.05);3)Table tennis athletes' P3 peak latency didn't exist significant difference under Go and NoGo conditions,but NoGo stimuli evoked significantly larger P3 peak amplitude locating central-parietal scalp regions than Go stimuli(P<0.01). Conclusions:1)The skilled table tennis athletes could recognize service types more quickly and accurately than the less-skilled college students;2)The skilled table tennis athletes' brains locating fronto-central and central-parietal scalp regions were activated significantly larger than the less-skilled college students under Go and NoGo conditions and appeared larger N2 and P3 peak amplitude what were called"NoGo effect",however the less-skilled college students were not,that proved table tennis athletes' powerful Inhibitory Control.
引文
[1]徐立彬,李安民.乒乓球运动员对发球知觉判断的启动效应研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2013,28(4):310-314.
[2]赵洪朋,周成林.运动领域中知觉预测研究现状及发展趋势[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2010,29(3):36-40.
[3]陈嘉成,李雅南,金鑫虹,等.高水平羽毛球运动员抑制控制特点:一项ERP的研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2018,33(2):44-51.
[4]郭志平,李安民,金晨曦,等.乒乓球运动员在经验相关图形识别中的脑电相干性分析[J].天津体育学院学报,2016,31(3):233-239.
[5]MIYAKE A,FRIEDMAN N P,EMERSON M J,et al.The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex“frontal lobe”tasks:A latent variable analysis[J].Cognitive Psychology,2000,41(3):49-60.
[6]陈天勇,李德明.执行功能可分离性及与年龄关系的潜变量分析[J].心理学报,2005,37(2):210-217.
[7]GARAVAN H,STEIN TJRA.Right Hemispheric Dominance of Inhibitory Control:An Event-Related Functional MRI Study[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1999,96(14):8301-8306.
[8]徐立彬,李安民,刘玉.优秀运动员大脑神经效率及可塑性特点[J].首都体育学院学报,2013,25(6):566-572.
[9]陈爱国,朱丽娜,王鑫,等.短时中等强度有氧运动对儿童脑的可塑性影响:来自脑功能局部一致性的证据[J].体育科学,2015,35(8):24-29.
[10]RUCHSOW M,GROEN G,KIEFER M,et al.Response inhibition in borderline personality disorder:event-related potentials in a Go/Nogo task[J].Journal of Neural Transmission,2008,115(1):127-133.
[11]GOLDSTEIN M,BRENDEL G,TUESCHER O,et al.Neural substrates of the interaction of emotional stimulus processing and motor inhibitory control:an emotional linguistic go/no-go fMRI study[J].NeuroImage,2007,36(3):1026-1040.
[12]徐立彬,李安民,陈爱国.乒乓球运动员单一特征信息模式识别的神经机制研究[J].西安体育学院学报,2014,33(4):488-499.
[13]JANETTE L,SMITH A B,STUART J,et al.Movement-related potentials in the Go/NoGo task:The P3 reflects both cognitive and motor inhibition[J].Clinical Neurophysiology,2008,119(3):704-714.
[14]PLISZKA S R,LIOTTI M,WOLDORFF M G.Inhibitory control in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder:event-related potentials identify the processing component and timing of an impaired right-frontal response-inhibition mechanism[J].Biological psychiatry,2000,48(3):238-246.
[15]BOBO S S,WANG A,SUMICH S,et al.Reduction in N2 amplitude in response to deviant drug-related stimuli during a two-choice oddball task in long-term heroin abstainers[J].Psychopharmacology,2017,234(21):3195-3205.
[16]ROSSI B,ZANI A,TADDEI F,et al.Chronometric aspects of information processing in high level fencers as compared to non-athletes:an ERPs and RT study[J].Journal Human Movement Studies,1992,23(3):17-28.
[17]DI RUSSO F,TADDEI F,APNILE T,et al.Neural correlates of fast stimulus discrimination and response selection in top-level fencers[J].Neuroscience letters,2006,408(2):113-118.
[18]沈汪兵,刘昌,张小将,等.三字字谜顿悟的时间进程和半球效应:一项ERP研究[J].心理学报,2011,43(3):229-240.
[19]SMITH J L,JOHNSTONE S J,BARRY R J.Movement-related potentials in the Go/NoGo task:the P3 reflects both cognitive and motor inhibition[J].Clinical Neurophysiology,2008,119(3):704-714.
[20]马启伟,张力为.体育运动心理学[M].杭州:浙江教育出版社,1998:287-390.
[21]SALTHOUSE T A.The processing-speed theory of adult age differences incognition[J].Psychology Review,1996,103(3):403-428.
[22]PFEFFERBAUM A,FORD J M,WELLER B J,et al.ERPs to response production and inhibition[J].Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology,1985,60(5):423-434.
[23]KOK A.Effects of degradation of visual stimuli on components of the event-related potential(ERP)in go/nogo reaction tasks[J].Biological Psychology,1986,23(1):21-38.
[24]VAN BOXTEL G J,VAN DER MOLEN M W,JENNINGS J R,et al.Apsychophysiological analysis of inhibitory motor control in the stop-signal paradigm[J].Biological psychology,2001,58(3):229-262.
[25]NIEUWENHUIS S,YEUNG N,VAN DEN WILDENBERG W,et al.Electrophysiological correlates of anterior cingulate function in a go/no-go task:effects of response conflict and trial type frequency[J].Cognitive,Affective,&Behavioral Neuroscience,2003,3(1):17-26.
[26]DONKERS F C,VAN BOXTEL G J.The N2 in go/no-go tasks reflects conflict monitoring not response inhibition[J].Brain and cognition,2004,56(2):165-176.
[27]KOK A,RAMAUTAR J R,DE RUITER M B,et al.ERP components associated with successful and unsuccessful stopping in a stop-signal task[J].Psychophysiology,2004,41(1):9-20.
[28]RAMAUTAR J R,KOK A,RIDDERINKHOF K R.Effects of stop-signal probability in the stop-signal paradigm:the N2/P3 complex further validated[J].Brain and cognition,2004,56(2):234-252.
[29]BEKKER E M,KENEMANS J L,HOEKSMA M R,et al.The pure electrophysiology of stopping[J].International Journal of Psychophysiology,2005,55(2):191-198.
[30]DIMOSKA A,JOHNSTONE S J,BARRY R J.The auditory-evoked N2and P3 components in the stop-signal task:indices of inhibition,response-conflict or error-detection[J].Brain and cognition,2006,62(2):98-112.
[31]SMITH J L,JOHNSTONE S J,BARRY R J.Effects of pre-stimulus processing on subsequent events in a warned Go/NoGo paradigm:response preparation,execution and inhibition[J].International Journal of Psychophysiology,2006,61(2):121-133.
[32]SMITH J L,JOHNSTONE S J,BARRY R J.Response priming in the Go/NoGo task:The N2 reflects neither inhibition nor conflict[J].Clinical Neurophysiology,2007,118(2):343-355.
[33]MELYNYTE S,RUKSENAS O,GRISKOVA-BULANOVA I.Sex differences inequiprobable auditory Go/NoGo task:effects on N2 and P3[J].Experimental Brain Research,2017,235(5):1565-1574.
[34]SUB,WANG S,SUMICH A,et al.Reduction in N2 amplitude in response to deviant drug-related stimuli during a two-choice oddball task in long-term heroin abstainers[J].Psychopharmacology,2017,234(21):3195-3205.
[35]陈爱国,朱丽娜,金柳,等.运动干预对聋哑儿童执行控制及其脑网络功能连接的影响[J].体育与科学,2016,37(6):94-101.
[2]赵洪朋,周成林.运动领域中知觉预测研究现状及发展趋势[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2010,29(3):36-40.
[3]陈嘉成,李雅南,金鑫虹,等.高水平羽毛球运动员抑制控制特点:一项ERP的研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2018,33(2):44-51.
[4]郭志平,李安民,金晨曦,等.乒乓球运动员在经验相关图形识别中的脑电相干性分析[J].天津体育学院学报,2016,31(3):233-239.
[5]MIYAKE A,FRIEDMAN N P,EMERSON M J,et al.The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex“frontal lobe”tasks:A latent variable analysis[J].Cognitive Psychology,2000,41(3):49-60.
[6]陈天勇,李德明.执行功能可分离性及与年龄关系的潜变量分析[J].心理学报,2005,37(2):210-217.
[7]GARAVAN H,STEIN TJRA.Right Hemispheric Dominance of Inhibitory Control:An Event-Related Functional MRI Study[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1999,96(14):8301-8306.
[8]徐立彬,李安民,刘玉.优秀运动员大脑神经效率及可塑性特点[J].首都体育学院学报,2013,25(6):566-572.
[9]陈爱国,朱丽娜,王鑫,等.短时中等强度有氧运动对儿童脑的可塑性影响:来自脑功能局部一致性的证据[J].体育科学,2015,35(8):24-29.
[10]RUCHSOW M,GROEN G,KIEFER M,et al.Response inhibition in borderline personality disorder:event-related potentials in a Go/Nogo task[J].Journal of Neural Transmission,2008,115(1):127-133.
[11]GOLDSTEIN M,BRENDEL G,TUESCHER O,et al.Neural substrates of the interaction of emotional stimulus processing and motor inhibitory control:an emotional linguistic go/no-go fMRI study[J].NeuroImage,2007,36(3):1026-1040.
[12]徐立彬,李安民,陈爱国.乒乓球运动员单一特征信息模式识别的神经机制研究[J].西安体育学院学报,2014,33(4):488-499.
[13]JANETTE L,SMITH A B,STUART J,et al.Movement-related potentials in the Go/NoGo task:The P3 reflects both cognitive and motor inhibition[J].Clinical Neurophysiology,2008,119(3):704-714.
[14]PLISZKA S R,LIOTTI M,WOLDORFF M G.Inhibitory control in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder:event-related potentials identify the processing component and timing of an impaired right-frontal response-inhibition mechanism[J].Biological psychiatry,2000,48(3):238-246.
[15]BOBO S S,WANG A,SUMICH S,et al.Reduction in N2 amplitude in response to deviant drug-related stimuli during a two-choice oddball task in long-term heroin abstainers[J].Psychopharmacology,2017,234(21):3195-3205.
[16]ROSSI B,ZANI A,TADDEI F,et al.Chronometric aspects of information processing in high level fencers as compared to non-athletes:an ERPs and RT study[J].Journal Human Movement Studies,1992,23(3):17-28.
[17]DI RUSSO F,TADDEI F,APNILE T,et al.Neural correlates of fast stimulus discrimination and response selection in top-level fencers[J].Neuroscience letters,2006,408(2):113-118.
[18]沈汪兵,刘昌,张小将,等.三字字谜顿悟的时间进程和半球效应:一项ERP研究[J].心理学报,2011,43(3):229-240.
[19]SMITH J L,JOHNSTONE S J,BARRY R J.Movement-related potentials in the Go/NoGo task:the P3 reflects both cognitive and motor inhibition[J].Clinical Neurophysiology,2008,119(3):704-714.
[20]马启伟,张力为.体育运动心理学[M].杭州:浙江教育出版社,1998:287-390.
[21]SALTHOUSE T A.The processing-speed theory of adult age differences incognition[J].Psychology Review,1996,103(3):403-428.
[22]PFEFFERBAUM A,FORD J M,WELLER B J,et al.ERPs to response production and inhibition[J].Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology,1985,60(5):423-434.
[23]KOK A.Effects of degradation of visual stimuli on components of the event-related potential(ERP)in go/nogo reaction tasks[J].Biological Psychology,1986,23(1):21-38.
[24]VAN BOXTEL G J,VAN DER MOLEN M W,JENNINGS J R,et al.Apsychophysiological analysis of inhibitory motor control in the stop-signal paradigm[J].Biological psychology,2001,58(3):229-262.
[25]NIEUWENHUIS S,YEUNG N,VAN DEN WILDENBERG W,et al.Electrophysiological correlates of anterior cingulate function in a go/no-go task:effects of response conflict and trial type frequency[J].Cognitive,Affective,&Behavioral Neuroscience,2003,3(1):17-26.
[26]DONKERS F C,VAN BOXTEL G J.The N2 in go/no-go tasks reflects conflict monitoring not response inhibition[J].Brain and cognition,2004,56(2):165-176.
[27]KOK A,RAMAUTAR J R,DE RUITER M B,et al.ERP components associated with successful and unsuccessful stopping in a stop-signal task[J].Psychophysiology,2004,41(1):9-20.
[28]RAMAUTAR J R,KOK A,RIDDERINKHOF K R.Effects of stop-signal probability in the stop-signal paradigm:the N2/P3 complex further validated[J].Brain and cognition,2004,56(2):234-252.
[29]BEKKER E M,KENEMANS J L,HOEKSMA M R,et al.The pure electrophysiology of stopping[J].International Journal of Psychophysiology,2005,55(2):191-198.
[30]DIMOSKA A,JOHNSTONE S J,BARRY R J.The auditory-evoked N2and P3 components in the stop-signal task:indices of inhibition,response-conflict or error-detection[J].Brain and cognition,2006,62(2):98-112.
[31]SMITH J L,JOHNSTONE S J,BARRY R J.Effects of pre-stimulus processing on subsequent events in a warned Go/NoGo paradigm:response preparation,execution and inhibition[J].International Journal of Psychophysiology,2006,61(2):121-133.
[32]SMITH J L,JOHNSTONE S J,BARRY R J.Response priming in the Go/NoGo task:The N2 reflects neither inhibition nor conflict[J].Clinical Neurophysiology,2007,118(2):343-355.
[33]MELYNYTE S,RUKSENAS O,GRISKOVA-BULANOVA I.Sex differences inequiprobable auditory Go/NoGo task:effects on N2 and P3[J].Experimental Brain Research,2017,235(5):1565-1574.
[34]SUB,WANG S,SUMICH A,et al.Reduction in N2 amplitude in response to deviant drug-related stimuli during a two-choice oddball task in long-term heroin abstainers[J].Psychopharmacology,2017,234(21):3195-3205.
[35]陈爱国,朱丽娜,金柳,等.运动干预对聋哑儿童执行控制及其脑网络功能连接的影响[J].体育与科学,2016,37(6):94-101.
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