论我国体育体制的管理主义取向及其消解——兼论体育体制与体育管理体制的分化
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摘要
主要基于我国现有体育体制研究中没有把管理型治理作为一种治理模式,没有把体育体制置于社会宏观体制之下,以及将体育管理体制等同于体育体制等问题。通过文献考察、逻辑思辨,以及从诠释学的角度对有关文本和概念进行解读和审视,旨在为我国体育体制研究引入"管理主义"及其应对、消解的分析框架,厘清、区分体育体制中"管理"的行政、管制性因素,为我国体育体制改革及体育发展方式的转变贡献理论资源。首先,对管理与治理予以区分,是认识我国体育体制的一个重要视角,管理的狭义为"管制""统治"等,指向文中提出的"管理主义"。其次,我国传统及当下体育体制具有较为浓厚的"管理主义"色彩与取向,其与"治理理论"及服务型政府相参照。最后,从3个方面对如何消解体育体制的管理主义进行反思:(1)治理理论和服务型政府的理念,如"参与式共治""服务"对象的全民性等对"管理主义"的反动和制约;(2)对体育体制的理解应与社会宏观"体制"的语境具有某种兼容,或对其要素予以引入;(3)重新审视"体育体制"概念,需去除其行政、权限等内涵而转向体育相关"体系"。此外,对体育管理体制与体育体制的认识一方面可对二者予以整合,另一方面,还可以在二者分化的意义加以把握,这有利于为我国体育体制改革引入和建立更为宏观的理论框架和视野。
This paper is mainly based on the fact that the existing sports system research in China does not regard management governance as a governance model,does not place the sports system under the social macro-system,and equates the sports management system with the sports system. Through document research and theoretical research,this paper also using the annotation research method to unscramble and reflect the concerned texts and concepts,this paper aims at introducing the analytical framework of "managerialism" and its response and resolution into the study of sports system in China,clarifying and distinguishing the administrative and regulatory factors of "management" in sports system,To contribute theoretical resources for the reform of China's sports system and the transformation of sports development mode. Cognizing the differences between management and governance is the important angle for understanding Chinese sports system,the narrow sense of management is"control"and"dominion"which is lead to the"managerialism"of this study. At present,there is strong"managerialism"in Chinese sports system,it contrasts with the"governance theory"and service-oriented government. This paper studies how to eliminate the managerialism of sports management system through three aspects:Firstly,the idea of governance theory and service-oriented government(including participating governance and universal service object etc)can restrict the"managerialism";Secondly,the understanding for sports system should have been compatible with the macro social"system",or taken in its factors;and thirdly,in view of the limitation for understanding the"system"with administration in the sports system in present literatures,this paper deem that the"system"should have been a concept without modified word else. Further,this paper separate sports management system from sports system except combining them together,it is conducive to import more macroscopical theory frame and visual angle for Chinese sports reforms.
This paper is mainly based on the fact that the existing sports system research in China does not regard management governance as a governance model,does not place the sports system under the social macro-system,and equates the sports management system with the sports system. Through document research and theoretical research,this paper also using the annotation research method to unscramble and reflect the concerned texts and concepts,this paper aims at introducing the analytical framework of "managerialism" and its response and resolution into the study of sports system in China,clarifying and distinguishing the administrative and regulatory factors of "management" in sports system,To contribute theoretical resources for the reform of China's sports system and the transformation of sports development mode. Cognizing the differences between management and governance is the important angle for understanding Chinese sports system,the narrow sense of management is"control"and"dominion"which is lead to the"managerialism"of this study. At present,there is strong"managerialism"in Chinese sports system,it contrasts with the"governance theory"and service-oriented government. This paper studies how to eliminate the managerialism of sports management system through three aspects:Firstly,the idea of governance theory and service-oriented government(including participating governance and universal service object etc)can restrict the"managerialism";Secondly,the understanding for sports system should have been compatible with the macro social"system",or taken in its factors;and thirdly,in view of the limitation for understanding the"system"with administration in the sports system in present literatures,this paper deem that the"system"should have been a concept without modified word else. Further,this paper separate sports management system from sports system except combining them together,it is conducive to import more macroscopical theory frame and visual angle for Chinese sports reforms.
引文
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[24]人民日报评论员.统筹推进新时代“五位一体”总体布局——六论学习贯彻党的十九大精神[N].人民日报,2017-11-3(1版).
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[2]郑晓均,刘捷.论我国服务型政府的建设与发展方向[J].湖南社会科学,2011(2):67-69.
[3]罗豪才,宋功德.公域之治的转型:对公共治理与公法互动关系的一种透视[J].中国法学,2005(5):323.
[4]王莹.社会治理创新的伦理学解读[J].道德与文明,2014(6):121-126.
[5]张康之.寻找公共行政的伦理视角[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002.
[6]贺豪威,任晓林.模式差异与重构:从管理型政府到服务型政府的变革[J].理论学习,2010(4):7-8.
[7]王锡锌,章永乐.我国行政决策模式之转型:从管理主义模式到参与式治理模式[J].法商研究,2010(5):3-12.
[8]石国亮.论社会治理领域中管理主义的兴衰[J].中国行政管理,2010(12):36-40,81-84.
[9]李传军.管理主义的终结:服务型政府兴起的历史与逻辑[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007.
[10]叶林,樊玉瑶.中国体育管理体制:沿革、现状与未来[J].甘肃行政学院学报,2018(2):47-50.
[11]国家体育总局.体育发展“十三五”规划[Z].2016-5-5.
[12]贾志强.新时期我国体育管理体制与运行机制研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2007,30(9):1179-1181.
[13]徐金华.关于我国体育体制特点及其发展的研究[J].南京体育学院学报,2003,17(6):44-46.
[14]戴敬东.中国体育体制研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2010,33(1):10-14.
[15]司虎克,蔡犁,王兴,等.我国现行体育管理体制对科技成果转化的影响[J].上海体育学院学报,2007,31(4):12-17.
[16]孙月霞,袁旦.中国传统体育管理体制解析[J].北京体育大学学报,2010,33(9):9-12.
[17]杨磊.砥砺奋进,破风前行——十八大以来中国体育改革成就综述)[EB/OL].http://sports.people.com.cn/GB/n1/2017/1009/c22155-29576029.html,2017-10-9.
[18]郑晓均,刘捷.论我国服务型政府的建设与发展方向[J].湖南社会科学,2011(2):67-69.
[19]李瑞存.服务型政府的理论基础及现实动力[J].河北工程大学学报:社会科学版,2012,29(1):42-44.
[20]燕继荣.服务型政府的研究路向:近十年来国内服务型政府研究综述[J].学海,2009(1):191-201.
[21]何强.服务型体育管理体制建构的路径分析[J].西安体育学院学报,2016,33(6):641-646.
[22]佚名.为什么说新时代是从十八大开启的?(中国纪检监察杂志)[EB/OL].http://zgjjjc.ccdi.gov.cn/bqml/bqxx/201711/t20171108_111343.html.
[23]温红彦,盛若蔚,江琳.坚决维护以习近平同志为核心的党中央权威——中直机关深入学习贯彻党的十八届六中全会精神扎实推进全面从严治党纪实[N].人民日报,2017-4-24(1版).
[24]人民日报评论员.统筹推进新时代“五位一体”总体布局——六论学习贯彻党的十九大精神[N].人民日报,2017-11-3(1版).
[25]辞海编辑委员会.辞海[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,2009:2238.
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