庐山地区大气降水中稳定同位素变化特征
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摘要
氢氧稳定同位素技术被广泛用来研究水循环过程中的水汽来源、水量平衡及不同水体间的补给关系。以2016年4月至2017年4月在庐山地区三个不同研究点(庐山西北面莲花镇,山顶牯岭镇和东南面海会镇)采集的102个次降水样品同位素资料为基础,应用线性回归分析和对比分析等方法,对庐山地区大气降水中氢氧稳定同位素和氘盈余的时空分布特征及大气水汽来源进行了研究。结果发现:庐山地区夏半年降水中的稳定同位素值δ18O平均值(-6.1‰)小于冬半年(-4.8‰);氢氧同位素特征和氘盈余呈现明显的季节差异;平均氘盈余值(10.6‰)大于全球大部分地区的评估值(10.0‰);当地大气降水线(LMWL)δD=7.45δ18O+8.36与全球大气降水线(GMWL)δD=8δ18O+10相比,其斜率和截距均偏小。结合HYSPLIT后向轨迹模型分析同位素特征发现,庐山地区大气水汽夏半年主要来源于低纬度南海和印度洋,冬半年来自于干燥的华北和西北内陆;局地水汽影响和地理位置差异导致了降雨同位素特征的空间差异性。本研究可为今后展开庐山地区水循环过程的研究提供科学依据。
Stable isotope technique is widely used to study the source of water vapor during water cycle, the supply relationship and water balance among different waters. From April2016 to April 2017, the thesis selects three different sites in the Mount Lu area(Lianhua Town lies to the west of Mount Lu, Guling Town at the top of hill, and Haihui Town to the east of Mount Lu). Based on the isotopic data of 102 precipitation samples collected from the three places, we used linear regression analysis and comparative analysis to explore the temporal and spatial characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes and deuterium excess in precipitation in the Mount Lu area and their influencing factors. The results show that: In the study area, the stable isotope value of δ~(18)O in summer precipitation was lighter than that in winter. The seasonal difference of water vapor source is obvious. The deuterium excess also showed a significant seasonal difference, and the deuterium excess value was higher than that in most parts of the world, being 10.0‰. Compared with the global meteoritic water line(GMWL) δD=8δ~(18)O + 10, the slope and intercept of the local meteoritic water line(LMWL)δD=7.45δ~(18)O +8.36 are smaller in the Mount Lu area than in the global meteoritic water line(GMWL) δD= 8δ~(18)O+10. Based on the HYSPLIT model, the atmospheric water vapor in this region is mainly derived from the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean at low latitudes in summer, and the dry inland in North and Northwest China in winter. The influence of local water vapor and geographical location differences lead to the spatial differences of rainfall isotopic characteristics. This study provides a scientific basis for the future study of water cycle in Mount Lu area.
Stable isotope technique is widely used to study the source of water vapor during water cycle, the supply relationship and water balance among different waters. From April2016 to April 2017, the thesis selects three different sites in the Mount Lu area(Lianhua Town lies to the west of Mount Lu, Guling Town at the top of hill, and Haihui Town to the east of Mount Lu). Based on the isotopic data of 102 precipitation samples collected from the three places, we used linear regression analysis and comparative analysis to explore the temporal and spatial characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes and deuterium excess in precipitation in the Mount Lu area and their influencing factors. The results show that: In the study area, the stable isotope value of δ~(18)O in summer precipitation was lighter than that in winter. The seasonal difference of water vapor source is obvious. The deuterium excess also showed a significant seasonal difference, and the deuterium excess value was higher than that in most parts of the world, being 10.0‰. Compared with the global meteoritic water line(GMWL) δD=8δ~(18)O + 10, the slope and intercept of the local meteoritic water line(LMWL)δD=7.45δ~(18)O +8.36 are smaller in the Mount Lu area than in the global meteoritic water line(GMWL) δD= 8δ~(18)O+10. Based on the HYSPLIT model, the atmospheric water vapor in this region is mainly derived from the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean at low latitudes in summer, and the dry inland in North and Northwest China in winter. The influence of local water vapor and geographical location differences lead to the spatial differences of rainfall isotopic characteristics. This study provides a scientific basis for the future study of water cycle in Mount Lu area.
引文
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[2] POSMENTIER E S, FENG X H, ZHAO M X. Seasonal variations of precipitationδ18O in Eastern Asia. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2004, 109:1-9.
[3] YEPEZ E A, HUXMAN T E, IGNACE D D, et al. Dynamics of transpiration and evaporation following a moisture pulse in semiarid grassland:A chamber-based isotope method for partitioning flux components. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2005, 132(3-4):359-376.
[4] GAT J R. Oxygen and hydrogen isotope in the hydrologic. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 1996,(24):225-262.
[5] SCHMIDT G A, HOFFMANN G, SHINDELL D T, et al. Modeling atmospheric stable water isotopes and the potential for constraining cloud processes and stratosphere-troposphere water exchange. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2005,110:1-15.
[6] WILLIAMS D G, CABLE W, HULTINE K, et al. Evapotranspiration components determined by stable isotope, sap flow and eddy covariance techniques. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2004, 125(3-4):241-258.
[7]柳鉴容,宋献方,袁国富,等.西北地区大气降水δ18O的特征及水汽来源.地理学报, 2008, 63(1):12-22.[LIU J R,SONG X F, YUAN G F, et al. Characteristics ofδ18O in precipitation over Northwest China and its water vapor sources.Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008, 63(1):12-22.]
[8]董小芳,邓黄月,郑祥民,等.长江流域降水中氢氧同位素特征及水汽来源.环境科学与技术, 2017, 40(4):78-84.[DONG X F, DENG H Y, ZHENG X M, et al. Hydrogen oxygen isotopic characteristics and water vapor sources in precipitation in the Yangtze River Basin. Environmental Science and Technology, 2017, 40(4):78-84.]
[9]赵良菊,尹力,肖洪浪,等.黑河源区水汽来源及地表径流组成的稳定同位素证据.科学通报, 2011, 56(1):58-67.[ZHAO L J, YIN L, XIAO H L, et al. Stable isotope evidence of water vapor source and surface runoff composition in Heihe area. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2011, 56(1):58-67.]
[10]郝玥,余新晓,邓文平,等.北京西山大气降水中D和18O组成变化及水汽来源.自然资源学报, 2016, 31(7):1211-1221.[HAO Y, YU X X, DENG W P, et al. The variations of hydrogen and oxygen compositions and moisture sources in the precipitation in Western Mountain areas of Beijing. Journal of Natural Resources, 2016, 31(7):1211-1221.]
[11]李小飞,张明军,李亚举,等.西北干旱区降水中δ18O变化特征及其水汽输送.环境科学, 2012, 33(3):711-719.[LI X F, ZHANG M J, LI Y J, et al. Variation characteristics ofδ18O in precipitation in Northwest arid region and its water vapor transport. Environmental Science, 2012, 33(3):711-719.]
[12]章新平,刘晶淼,中尾正义,等.我国西南地区降水中过量氘指示水汽来源.冰川冻土, 2009, 31(4):613-619.[ZHANG X P, LIU J M, MASAYOSHI N, et al. Vapor origins revealed by deuterium excess in precipitation in Southwest China. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2009, 31(4):613-619.]
[13]胡菡,王建力.云南地区大气降水中氢氧同位素特征及水汽来源分析.西南师范大学学报:自然科学版, 2015, 40(5):142-149.[HU H, WANG J L. On characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotope in precipitation in Yunnan and analysis of moisture sources. Journal of Southwest China Normal University:Natural Science Edition, 2015, 40(5):142-149.]
[14]郑征,李佑荣,张树斌,等.西双版纳海拔变化对水湿状况的影响.山地学报, 2007, 25(1):33-38.[ZHENG Z, LI Y R,ZHANG S B, et al. Influence of the altitudinal increase on water and humidity conditions, Xishuangbanna. Journal of Mountain Science, 2007, 25(1):33-38.]
[15]黄一民,章新平,孙葭,等.长沙大气水汽、降水中稳定同位素季节变化及与水汽输送关系.地理科学, 2015, 35(4):498-506.[HUANG Y M, ZHANG X P, SUN J, et al. Seasonal variations of stable isotope in precipitation and atmospheric water vapor and their relationship with moisture transportation in Changsha. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2015,35(4):498-506.]
[16]邓志民,张翔,潘国艳.武汉市大气降水的氢氧同位素变化特征.长江科学院院报, 2016, 33(7):12-17.[DENG Z M,ZHANG X, PAN G Y. Variations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in meteoric precipitation in Wuhan, China. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2016, 33(7):12-17.]
[17]沈业杰,彭新华.鹰潭地区大气降水中氢氧稳定同位素特征研究.生态环境学报, 2014, 23(1):101-105.[SHEN Y J,PENG X H. Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in the precipitation of Yingtan. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2014, 23(1):101-105.]
[18]章新平,孙维贞,刘晶淼.西南水汽通道上昆明站降水中的稳定同位素.长江流域资源与环境, 2005, 14(5):665-669.[ZHANG X P, SUN W Z, LIU J M. Stable isotopes in precipitation in the vapor transport path in Kunming of Southwest China. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2005, 14(5):665-669.]
[19]李广,章新平,张新主,等.云南腾冲地区大气降水中氢氧稳定同位素特征.长江流域资源与环境, 2013, 22(11):1458-1465.[LI G, ZHANG X P, ZHANG X Z, et al. Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes characteristics of atmospheric precipitation from Tengchong, Yunnan. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2013, 22(11):1458-1465.]
[20]马潜,张明军,王圣杰,等.基于氢氧同位素的中国东南部降水局地蒸发水汽贡献率.地理科学进展, 2013, 32(11):1712-1720.[MA Q, ZHANG M J, WANG S J, et al. Contributions of moisture from local evaporation to precipitations in Southeast China based on hydrogen and oxygen isotopes. Progress in Geography, 2013, 32(11):1712-1720.]
[21]张应华,仵彦卿.黑河流域大气降水水汽来源分析.干旱区地理, 2008, 31(3):403-408.[ZHANG Y H, WU Y Q. Precipitation from different water vapor sources in the Heihe River Basin, China. Arid Land Geography, 2008, 31(3):403-408.]
[22]支树林.台风“碧利斯”影响庐山降水的探测资料分析.气象与减灾研究, 2006, 29(3):60-64.[ZHI S L. Analysis of the rainfall data on Mount Lu influenced by the typhoon"Bilis". Meteorology and Disaster Reduction Research, 2006,29(3):60-64.]
[23]桑博.庐山雨水和云雾水的化学元素特征.济南:山东大学, 2012.[SANG B. Characteristics of chemical elements in rain water and cloud/fog water at Mt. Lushan. Jinan:Shan Dong University, 2012.]
[24]任美锷.庐山地形的初步研究.地理学报, 1953, 19(1):61-73.[REN M E. A preliminary study on the topography of Mount Lu. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1953, 19(1):61-73.]
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