西湖凹陷中深层河流相砂体地震沉积学解释与沉积演化分析
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摘要
西湖凹陷中央反转构造带渐新统花港组储层为河流相沉积,以厚层、块状砂岩为特点,部分发育薄砂体,是良好的油气储层,但受制于海上井资料匮乏、储层埋深较大、砂体非均质性强等因素,砂体预测难度大、可靠性较低。基于高分辨率层序地层学,利用地震沉积学方法中90°相位转换、等时地层切片等技术,综合测井相、地震相,对西湖凹陷中央反转带中南部黄岩区花港组沉积体系及砂体进行了识别与描述。研究认为:花港组可划分为上段、下段2个三级层序,在花上段5个四级层序中可识别出3种河道类型,其中曲流河宽0.2～1.2 km,单砂体厚8～30 m,宽厚比25∶1～40∶1;辨状河道宽0.8～2.0 km,单砂体厚20～40 m,宽厚比40∶1～50∶1;分流河道宽0.5～3.5 km,单砂体厚15～30 m,宽厚比30∶1～100∶1;自下而上由H5层三角洲平原分流河道逐渐向H4层三角洲前缘、H3层辫状河、H2—H1曲流河沉积体系演化;辫状河心滩、三角洲平原分流河道等复合砂体均钻遇较好油气显示,可作为优质的储层,是气田内部寻找剩余油气及周边挖潜的主要方向。
The Oligocene Huagang Formation reservoir in the central reversal tectonic belt of the Xihu sag belongs to the fluvial facies deposit, and is characterized by massive bulky sandstones with partially developed thin sandbodies, which is classified as the good oil and gas reservoir. However, due to the insufficient offshore well data, the large burial depth of the reservoir, and the strong heterogeneity of the sandbody, it is highly difficult to accurately make sandbody prediction. Under the guidance of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy theory, the techniques of 90° phase transformation and isochronous stratigraphic slice in seismic sedimentology, together with logging and seismic facies are used to identify and describe the sedimentary systems and sandbodies of Huagang Formation in the central southern part of the central reversal zone of the Xihu sag. According to the research, the Huagang Formation can be divided into two third-order sequences(SQ1\SQ2), and the SQ2 can be divided into five fourth-order sequences. Three types of channels have been identified in the five fourth-order sequences of SQ2. Amongthem, the meandering river facies has the width of 0.2～1.2 km, the single sandbody thickness of 8～30 m, and the width to thickness ratio of 25∶1～40∶1; the braided channel facies has the width of 0.8～2.0 km, single sandbody thickness of 20～40 m, and the width to thickness ratio of 40∶1～50∶1; the distributary channel facies has the width of 0.5～3.5 km, the single sandbody of 15～30 m thick, and the width to thickness ratio of 30∶1～100∶1. From bottom to top, the delta plain distributary channel facies in H5 layer gradually evolved into the sedimentary systems of delta front in H4 layer, braided channel in H3 layer, and meandering river in H2—H1 layers. Good oil and gas shows were encountered in the composite sandbodies such as the braided river channel bar and the delta plain distributary channel, which can serve as the high-quality reservoirs. It is the main targets of remaining oil seeking and peripheral potential tapping within the gas field.
The Oligocene Huagang Formation reservoir in the central reversal tectonic belt of the Xihu sag belongs to the fluvial facies deposit, and is characterized by massive bulky sandstones with partially developed thin sandbodies, which is classified as the good oil and gas reservoir. However, due to the insufficient offshore well data, the large burial depth of the reservoir, and the strong heterogeneity of the sandbody, it is highly difficult to accurately make sandbody prediction. Under the guidance of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy theory, the techniques of 90° phase transformation and isochronous stratigraphic slice in seismic sedimentology, together with logging and seismic facies are used to identify and describe the sedimentary systems and sandbodies of Huagang Formation in the central southern part of the central reversal zone of the Xihu sag. According to the research, the Huagang Formation can be divided into two third-order sequences(SQ1\SQ2), and the SQ2 can be divided into five fourth-order sequences. Three types of channels have been identified in the five fourth-order sequences of SQ2. Amongthem, the meandering river facies has the width of 0.2～1.2 km, the single sandbody thickness of 8～30 m, and the width to thickness ratio of 25∶1～40∶1; the braided channel facies has the width of 0.8～2.0 km, single sandbody thickness of 20～40 m, and the width to thickness ratio of 40∶1～50∶1; the distributary channel facies has the width of 0.5～3.5 km, the single sandbody of 15～30 m thick, and the width to thickness ratio of 30∶1～100∶1. From bottom to top, the delta plain distributary channel facies in H5 layer gradually evolved into the sedimentary systems of delta front in H4 layer, braided channel in H3 layer, and meandering river in H2—H1 layers. Good oil and gas shows were encountered in the composite sandbodies such as the braided river channel bar and the delta plain distributary channel, which can serve as the high-quality reservoirs. It is the main targets of remaining oil seeking and peripheral potential tapping within the gas field.
引文
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[2] 胡明毅,柯岭,梁建设,等.西湖凹陷花港组沉积相特征及相模式[J].石油天然气学报,2010,32(5):1-5.HU Mingyi,KE Ling,LIANG Jianshe,et al.The characteristics and pattern of sedimentary facies of Huagang Formation in Xihu depression[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2010,32(5):1-5.
[3] 张建培,徐发,钟韬,等.东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷平湖组—花港组层序地层模式及沉积演化[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2012,32(1):35-41.ZHANG Jianpei,XU Fa,ZHONG Tao,et al.Sequence stratigraphic models and sedimentary evolution of Pinghu and Huagang formation in Xihu trough[J].Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2012,32(1):35-41.
[4] 张国华,刘金水,秦兰芝,等.西湖凹陷渐新统花港组大型辫状河沉积体系特征[J].中国海上油气,2018,30(3):10-18.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2018.03.002.ZHANG Guohua,LIU Jinshui,QIN Lanzhi,et al.Characteristics of the large braided river depositional system of the Oligocene Huagang Formation in the Xihu sag[J].China offshore oil and gas,2018,30(3):10-18.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2018.03.002.
[5] 曾洪流,朱筱敏,朱如凯,等.陆相坳陷型盆地地震沉积学研究规范[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):275-284.ZENG Hongliu,ZHU Xiaomin,ZHU Rukai,et al.Guidelines for seismic sedimentologic study in non-marine postrift basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):275-284.
[6] ZENG Hongliu,BACKUS M M,BARROW K T.Facies mapping from three dimensional seismic data:Potential and guidelines from a tertiary sandstone-shale sequence model,Powder horn field,Calhoun County,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,1996,80(1):16-46.
[7] 曾洪流.地震沉积学在中国:回顾和展望[J].沉积学报,2011,29(3):417-426.ZENG Hongliu.Seismic sedimentology in China:A review[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(3):417-426.
[8] HENTZ T F,ZENG Hongliu.High frequency sequence stratigraphy from seismic sedimentology:Applied to Miocene,Vermilion Block 50,Tiger Shoal area,offshore Louisiana[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(2):153-174.
[9] ZENG Hongliu,LOUCKS R G,FRANK L.Mapping sediment-dispersal patterns and associated systems tracts in fourth and fifth order sequences using seismic sedimentology:Example from Corpus Christi Bay,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(7):981-1003.
[10] 陈志宏.地震沉积学几个关键问题的探讨[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(5):15-19.CHEN Zhihong.A discussion on several key problems in seismic sedimentology[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2014,26(5):15-19.
[11] 朱筱敏,刘长利,张义娜,等.地震沉积学在陆相湖盆三角洲砂体预测中的应用[J].沉积学报,2009,27(3):915-921.ZHU Xiaomin,LIU Changli,ZHANG Yina,et al.On seismic sedimentology of lacustrine deltaic depositional systems[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(3):915-921.
[12] 吴其林,但志伟,肖为,等.珠江口盆地H区块碳酸盐岩储层地震沉积学应用研究[J].沉积学报,2015,33(4):821-835.WU Qilin,DAN Zhiwei,XIAO Wei,et al.Seismic sedimentology study on carbonate reservoir in the Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2015,33(4):821-835.
[13] 董艳蕾,朱筱敏,耿晓洁,等.利用地层切片研究陆相湖盆深水滑塌浊积扇沉积特征[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):386-396.DONG Yanlei,ZHU Xiaomin,GENG Xiaojie,et al.Using the stratal slice to study the deposition characteristics of deep-water slumped turbidite fans in continental lake basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2015,22(1):386-396.
[14] 张晶,李双文,袁淑琴,等.地震沉积学在识别重力流沉积体系中的应用[J].沉积学报,2015,33(3):578-586.ZHANG Jing,LI Shuangwen,YUAN Shuqin,et al.Mapping gravity flow depositional systems using seismic sedimentology[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2015,33(3):578-586.
[15] 张锦伟,赵汗青,傅志飞,等.东海陆架盆地南部构造演化及对油气的控制作用[J].海洋石油,2011,31(2):8-12.ZHANG Jinwei,ZHAO Hanqing,FU Zhifei,et al.Tectonic evolution of the southern east china sea shelf basin and its control on hydrocarbon accumulation[J].Offshore Oil,2011,31(2):8-12.
[16] 赵省民,张正喜,吴必豪,等.东海陆架盆地古近—新近系高分辨率层序[J].地质力学学报,2002,8(3):239-247.ZHAO Xingmin,ZHANG Zhengxi,WU Bihao,et al.A Study on high-resolution sequence stratigraphy of Paleogene—Neogene oil-bearing strata in shelf basin,East China Sea [J].Journal of Geomechanics,2002,8(3):239-247.
[17] 胡光明,王军,纪友亮,等.河流相层序地层模式与地层等时对比[J].沉积学报,2010,28(4):745-751.HU Guangming,WANG Jun,JI Youliang,et al.Fluvial sequence stratigraphy mode and isochronous strata correlation[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(4):745-751.
[18] 赵省民,王计堂,吴必豪,等.高分辨率层序地层学在东海古新近系油气地质条件预测中的应用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2007,27(4):61-67.ZHAO Xingmin,WANG Jitang,WU Bihao,et al.Application of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy to prediction of tertiary petroleum geological elements in East China Sea Shelf basin[J].Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2007,27(4):61-67.
[19] 孙思敏,彭仕宓.东海西湖凹陷平湖油气田花港组高分辨率层序地层特征[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(4):184-187.SUN Simin,PENG Shimi.High resolution sequence stratigraphic characters in Huagang Formation of Pinghu oil and gas field in Xihu depression[J].Jouranl of Oil and Gas Technology,2006,28(4):184-187.
[20] 朱筱敏,董艳蕾,胡廷惠,等.精细层序地层格架与地震沉积学研究:以泌阳凹陷核桃园组为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(4):616-624.ZHU Xiaomin,DONG Yanlei,HU Tinghui,et al.Seismic sedimentology study of fine sequence stratigraphic framework:A case study of the Hetaoyuan Formation in the Biyang Sag[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2011,32(4):616-624.
[21] 蔡东梅,郝兰英,郭亚杰,等.地震沉积学在水下分流河道砂体预测中的应用[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(3):850-856.CAI Dongmei,HAO Lanying,GUO Yajie,et al.Application of seismic sedimentology to predicting underwater distributary channel sand body[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2016,47(3):850-856.
[22] 张尚锋,刘武波,殷一丹,等.地震沉积学在陆相湖盆沉积体系研究中的应用:以江陵凹陷上白垩统渔洋组为例[J].石油天然气学报,2014,36(5):59-63.ZHANG Shangfeng,LIU Wubo,YIN Yidan,et al.Application of seismic sedimentology in the study of continental lake basin:By taking Yuyang Formation in Upper Cretaceous of Jiangling Depression for example[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2014,36(5):59-63.
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