多源遥感数据支持下的县域尺度生态效率测算及稳健性检验——以长江中游城市群为例
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摘要
生态效率是评价区域生态文明水平的重要依据,也是地理学与经济学开展资源环境综合研究的常用指标和变量,县域尺度生态效率测度的研究匮乏,制约了上述问题在县域层面上开展。在长江经济带生态优先和绿色发展国家战略下,以长江中游城市群为研究区域,依托多源遥感数据构建县域尺度生态效率测算指标体系,应用非合意产出超效率EBM模型测算2000-2015年县域生态效率,利用GIS空间分析工具揭示其时空分异规律和空间关联特征。并设计稳健性检验方案,对县域尺度生态效率测度路径科学性及稳健性进行检验。结果表明:(1)各年份长株潭城市群和环鄱阳湖城市群所辖县域的生态效率均优于武汉城市圈所辖县域;(2)研究期内生态效率维持高位区域包括武汉市辖区等12个县市,生态效率持续低值区域包括瑞昌市等7个县市;(3)县域生态效率H-H集聚区由衡阳市、株洲市及其周边至2015年成片消失,L-L集聚区则按照顺时针走向,逐步形成围绕武汉市的闭合环形区域;(4)基于市域生态效率排名对比的稳健性检验表明,县域生态效率测度路径和结果具有较高可信度。
Ecological efficiency is an important basis for evaluating the level of regional ecological civilization. It is also a common index and variable for the comprehensive study of resources and environment in geography and economics. The lack of research on the measure of ecological efficiency at the county level has restricted the above-mentioned problems to be researched at the county level. Constructing a scientific path for measuring ecological efficiency at the county level is conducive to accurately identifying the regional economic and social ecological development pattern and providing a possibility for county-level government green performance assessment. Under the national strategy of ecological priority and green development of the Yangtze River economic belt, taking the middle reaches of the Yangtze River as the research area and relying on the multi-source remote sensing data to construct the index system for estimating the ecological efficiency of the county scale, the ecological efficiency of the county area from 2000 to 2015 was calculated by using the non-consensual output EBM super efficiency model, and the GIS spatial analysis tool was used to reveal spatial differences and spatial correlation characteristics. A robust test scheme is designed to test the scientificity and robustness of the county-scale ecoefficiency measurement path. The results show that:(1) The ecological efficiency of the counties under the jurisdiction of ChangshaZhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration and Poyang Lake urban agglomeration is better than that of the counties under the jurisdiction of Wuhan urban agglomeration.(2) During the study period, the ecological efficiency of 12 counties and cities such as Wuhan maintained a high level, while that of 7 counties and cities such as Ruichang maintained a low level.(3) The H-H concentration area of ecological efficiency in the early stage is mainly in Hengyang, Zhuzhou and its surrounding areas. By 2015, these areas had disappeared. The L-L agglomeration area of ecological efficiency follows the clockwise trend and gradually forms a closed circular area around the city of Wuhan.(4) The robustness test based on the comparison of city ecological efficiency rankings shows that the measurement path and results of county ecological efficiency constructed in this paper have high reliability.
Ecological efficiency is an important basis for evaluating the level of regional ecological civilization. It is also a common index and variable for the comprehensive study of resources and environment in geography and economics. The lack of research on the measure of ecological efficiency at the county level has restricted the above-mentioned problems to be researched at the county level. Constructing a scientific path for measuring ecological efficiency at the county level is conducive to accurately identifying the regional economic and social ecological development pattern and providing a possibility for county-level government green performance assessment. Under the national strategy of ecological priority and green development of the Yangtze River economic belt, taking the middle reaches of the Yangtze River as the research area and relying on the multi-source remote sensing data to construct the index system for estimating the ecological efficiency of the county scale, the ecological efficiency of the county area from 2000 to 2015 was calculated by using the non-consensual output EBM super efficiency model, and the GIS spatial analysis tool was used to reveal spatial differences and spatial correlation characteristics. A robust test scheme is designed to test the scientificity and robustness of the county-scale ecoefficiency measurement path. The results show that:(1) The ecological efficiency of the counties under the jurisdiction of ChangshaZhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration and Poyang Lake urban agglomeration is better than that of the counties under the jurisdiction of Wuhan urban agglomeration.(2) During the study period, the ecological efficiency of 12 counties and cities such as Wuhan maintained a high level, while that of 7 counties and cities such as Ruichang maintained a low level.(3) The H-H concentration area of ecological efficiency in the early stage is mainly in Hengyang, Zhuzhou and its surrounding areas. By 2015, these areas had disappeared. The L-L agglomeration area of ecological efficiency follows the clockwise trend and gradually forms a closed circular area around the city of Wuhan.(4) The robustness test based on the comparison of city ecological efficiency rankings shows that the measurement path and results of county ecological efficiency constructed in this paper have high reliability.
引文
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① 水资源投入数据暂不可获，故未纳入准侧层。
② DMSP/OLS全球夜间灯光数据时间段为1998-2013年，故根据2012-2013的年增长率估算2015年能源消耗指数。
[2]陈梅,赵炜涛.新型城镇化下的旅游业与生态效率关系:以长江中游城市群为例.旅游学刊, 2018, 33(3):89-97.[CHEN M, ZHAO W T. A study on the relationship between eco-efficiency and tourism under the new-type urbanization:A case study of urban clusters in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River. Tourism Tribune, 2018, 33(3):89-97.]
[3]罗能生,李佳佳,罗富政.中国城镇化进程与区域生态效率关系的实证研究.中国人口·资源与环境, 2013, 23(11):53-60.[LUO N S, LI J J, LUO F Z. Empirical analysis on the relationship between the China urbanization and regional eco-efficiency. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2013, 23(11):53-60.]
[4] SCHALTEGGER S. STURM A. Okologische rationalitat-an-satzpunkte zur ausgestalung von okologieorientierten management instrumenten. Die Untemehmung, 1990,(4):273-290.
[5]姚治国,陈田.国外旅游生态效率研究综述.自然资源学报, 2015, 30(7):1222-1231.[YAO Z G, CHEN T. Review on overseas tourism eco-efficiency studies. Journal of Natural Resources, 2015, 30(7):1222-1231.]
[6]尹科,王如松,周传斌,等.国内外生态效率核算方法及其应用研究述评.生态学报, 2012, 32(11):3595-3605.[YIN K, WANG R S, ZHOU C B, et al. Review of eco-efficiency accounting method and its applications. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(11):3595-3605.]
[7] C?TéR, BOOTH A, LOUIS B. Eco-efficiency and SMEs in Nova Scotia, Canada. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2006,14(6-7):542-550.
[8] FERNáNDEZVI?éM B, GOMEZNAVARRO T, CAPUZRIZO S F. Eco-efficiency in the SMEs of Venezuela. Current status and future perspectives. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2010, 18(8):736-746.
[9]戴铁军,陆钟武.钢铁企业生态效率分析.东北大学学报, 2005,(12):1168-1173.[DAI T J, LU Z W. Analysis of ecoefficiency of steel industry. Journal of Northeastern University, 2005,(12):1168-1173.]
[10]谢琨,刘思峰.基于灰色评估的钢铁企业生态效率评价.生态经济, 2016, 32(5):111-116, 142.[XIE K, LIU S F. Evaluation of eco-efficiency index for steel enterprises based on grey evaluation. Ecological Economy, 2016, 32(5):111-116, 142.]
[11]贾卫平.循环经济模式下的新疆氯碱化工产业生态效率评价研究.新疆:石河子大学, 2016.[JIA W P. Study on evaluation of eco-efficiency of chlor alkali chemical industry under the mode of circular economy in Xinjiang Tianye as an example. Xinjiang:Shihezi University, 2016.]
[12]邹倩,朱兆阁,王艳秋.石化企业生态效率评价.生态经济, 2018, 34(8):70-74.[ZOU Q, ZHU Z G, WANG Y Q. Evaluation on ecological efficiency of petrochemical enterprises. Ecological Economy, 2018, 34(8):70-74.]
[13]关琬琳.华润电力生态效率指标体系研究.武汉:中南财经政法大学, 2017.[GUAN W L. Research on the construction of eco-efficiency indicator system in Huarun Electrical Co. Wuhan:Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, 2017.]
[14] MARTIN WILLISON J H, COTéR P. Counting biodiversity waste in industrial eco-efficiency:Fisheries case study.Journal of Cleaner Production, 2009, 17(3):348-353.
[15] KHAREL G P, CHARMONDUSIT K. Eco-efficiency evaluation of iron rod industry in Nepal. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2008, 16(13):1379-1387.
[16] KELLY J, HAIDER W, WILLIAMS P W, et al. Stated preferences of tourists for eco-efficient destination planning options. Tourism Management, 2007, 28(2):377-390.
[17]程翠云,任景明,王如松.我国农业生态效率的时空差异.生态学报, 2014, 34(1):142-148.[CHENG C Y, REN J M,WANG R S. Spatial-temporal distribution of agricultural eco-efficiency in China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(1):142-148.]
[18]姚治国,陈田,尹寿兵,等.区域旅游生态效率实证分析:以海南省为例究.地理科学, 2016, 36(3):417-423.[YAO Z G, CHEN T, YIN S B et al. Regional tourism eco-efficiency model and an empirical research of Hainan province. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016, 36(3):417-423.]
[19]范建平,肖慧,樊晓宏.考虑非期望产出的改进EBM-DEA三阶段模型:基于中国省际物流业效率的实证分析.中国管理科学, 2017, 25(8):166-174.[FAN J P, XIAO H, FAN X H. A modified three-stage dea model with undesirable output consideration:An empirical analysis based on Chinese provincial logistics efficiency. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2017, 25(8):166-174.]
[20] WURSTHORN S, POGANIETZ W R, SCHEBEK L. Economic environmental monitoring indicators for European countries:A disaggregated sector-based approach for monitoring eco-efficiency. Ecological Economics, 2011, 70(3):487-496.
[21] GóMEZ-CALVET A R, CONSEA D, et al. On the dynamics of eco-efficiency performance in the European Union.Computers&Operations Research, 2015, 66:336-350.
[22] MERCEDES B, ANDRES J. Assessing environmental performance in the European Union:Eco-innovation versus catching-up. Energy Policy, 2017, 104(5):240-252.
[23]王恩旭,武春友.基于超效率DEA模型的中国省际生态效率时空差异研究.管理学报, 2011, 8(3):443-450.[WANG E X, WU C Y. Spatial-temporal differences of provincial eco-efficiency in China based on super efficiency DEA model.Chinese Journal of Management, 2011, 8(3):443-450.]
[24]成金华,孙琼,郭明晶,等.中国生态效率的区域差异及动态演化研究.中国人口·资源与环境, 2014, 24(1):47-54.[CHENG J H, SUN Q, GUO M J, et al. Research on regional disparity and dynamic evolution of eco-efficiency in China. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2014, 24(1):47-54.]
[25]刘军,马勇,问鼎,等. 2000-2014年中国区域生态效率测度及其时空差异.生态环境学报, 2018, 27(3):498-508.[LIU J, MA Y, WEN D, et al. Measuring of regional eco-efficiency in china and its spatial-temporal differences from2000 to 2014. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2018, 27(3):498-508.]
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① 水资源投入数据暂不可获，故未纳入准侧层。
② DMSP/OLS全球夜间灯光数据时间段为1998-2013年，故根据2012-2013的年增长率估算2015年能源消耗指数。
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