我国城市大气颗粒物重金属污染研究进展与趋势
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摘要
为研究我国城市大气重金属(Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn、As、Hg)污染水平与特征,本文收集了近年发表的相关文献,并梳理统计了国内46个主要城市重金属数据。研究发现,我国城市大气重金属污染水平差异很大,各重金属浓度大致呈Zn>Pb>Cr≈Cu>As>Ni>Cd>Hg的分布规律;在时空分布上,表现为北方高于南方,内地高于沿海,冬春季高于夏秋季。其中,北方城市大气重金属Pb、Cd、Cu、Ni、Zn、Hg、As分别比南方城市高40. 3%、14. 3%、42,7%、140%、60. 8%、27. 7%和86%。我国城市大气重金属来源多样,主要有生活来源、工业来源、交通来源和其他来源。此外,由于不同重金属赋存形态的差异,其生物有效性也存在很大差别。鉴于城市大气重金属污染已经对居民身体健康构成潜在威胁,建议今后应从大气细粒子和超细粒子、重金属赋存形态、重金属毒理学以及健康风险评价等方面加大研究力度。
To understand characteristics and distributions of atmospheric heavy metals in urban areas of China,this paper summarized previous studies and analyzed data collected from 46 main cities of China in the past decade. This study revealed the contents of heavy metals in atmospheric particles of China cities showed a notable trend of Zn>Pb>Cr≈Cu>As>Ni>Cd>Hg. Spatially,the northern cities were more polluted than the southern cities,and the inner cities were more polluted than the coastal cities. The contents of Pb,Cd,Cu,Ni,Zn,Hg and As in the northern cities were higher than the southern ones by 40. 3%,14. 3%,42,7%,140%,60. 8%,27. 7% and 86%,respectively. Temporal distributions showed the winter and spring seasons were more polluted than the summer season. In addition,sources of atmospheric heavy metals included mainly municipal source,industrial source,vehicle source and other sources. According to their chemical phases,heavy metals showed different biological availabilities. Undoubtedly,the present contaminations of heavy metals in China cities had yielded considerable human health risks. Hence,this paper suggested a few references to future studies,such as heavy metals on the finer particles,chemical speciation,toxicological response and the human health risk evaluations in China.
To understand characteristics and distributions of atmospheric heavy metals in urban areas of China,this paper summarized previous studies and analyzed data collected from 46 main cities of China in the past decade. This study revealed the contents of heavy metals in atmospheric particles of China cities showed a notable trend of Zn>Pb>Cr≈Cu>As>Ni>Cd>Hg. Spatially,the northern cities were more polluted than the southern cities,and the inner cities were more polluted than the coastal cities. The contents of Pb,Cd,Cu,Ni,Zn,Hg and As in the northern cities were higher than the southern ones by 40. 3%,14. 3%,42,7%,140%,60. 8%,27. 7% and 86%,respectively. Temporal distributions showed the winter and spring seasons were more polluted than the summer season. In addition,sources of atmospheric heavy metals included mainly municipal source,industrial source,vehicle source and other sources. According to their chemical phases,heavy metals showed different biological availabilities. Undoubtedly,the present contaminations of heavy metals in China cities had yielded considerable human health risks. Hence,this paper suggested a few references to future studies,such as heavy metals on the finer particles,chemical speciation,toxicological response and the human health risk evaluations in China.
引文
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