两种幼龄乔木修复林下土壤改良及植被多样性研究
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摘要
以辽宁省抚顺市榆树铁矿和傲牛铁矿植被恢复区为研究对象,两矿山分别选用先锋树种樟子松和刺槐进行单纯乔木层植被修复。通过调查样方植被株高及胸径、测定土壤指标,参照全国第二次土壤普查分级标准分析两矿山已恢复样地土壤肥力状况,再综合香农-维纳多样性指数和德尔菲法确定的指标权重计算植被多样性指数,进而分析恢复初期林下草本层植被多样性及土壤基质变化情况。结果表明:幼龄林恢复期间,樟子松和刺槐的胸径和树高逐年升高,刺槐年均树高增长可达樟子松的1.94—4.43倍,两种乔木均可将酸性土壤改良至中性,但幼龄樟子松林较幼龄刺槐林更易积累贫瘠地中的营养物质;植被多样性调查共出现19种草本植物,隶属于11科16属,植被多样性评价显示刺槐林草本层植被多样性指数均高于樟子松林。综上,推荐抚顺市废弃矿山乔木层混交种植樟子松和刺槐,以共同作用促进草本层自然演替过程,并引入灌木种形成"乔-灌-草"复合系统加快矿山修复进程。
In this paper, Yushu Iron Mine and Aoniu Iron Mine vegetation restoration areas in Fushun City, Liaoning Province, were taken as the research objects. The local pioneer species, Pinus sylvestris and locust were selected for vegetation restoration in tree layer.The soil fertility status of the restored sample plots in the two mines was analyzed by investigating plant height and DBH, determining soil fertility index, and referring to the second national soil census grading standards, then the vegetation diversity index was calculated by combining Shannon-Wiener diversity index and the weight of the index determined by Delphi method. The vegetation diversity and the change of soil matrix in the understory herbaceous layer at the initial stage of restoration were analyzed. The results show that the tree height and DBH of Pinus sylvestris and locust increased year by year during the recovery of young forest; the average annual growth of locust tree height could reach 1.94-4.43 times than that of Pinus sylvestris. Two species of trees could improve the acidic soils to neutral soil. However, the young Pinus sylvestris was more likely to enhance the nutrient content of barren wasteland than the young locus forest. There were 19 herbs in the survey of vegetation diversity, belonging to 11 families of 16 genera.The vegetation diversity evaluation showed that the herb layer vegetation diversity index of Robinia pseudoacacia forest was higher than that of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest. In conclusion, mixed planting of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and locust in abandoned mines in Fushun is recommended to promote the natural succession of herbaceous layer and introduce shrub species to form a "tree-shrub-grass" composite repair system to accelerate the process of mine restoration.
In this paper, Yushu Iron Mine and Aoniu Iron Mine vegetation restoration areas in Fushun City, Liaoning Province, were taken as the research objects. The local pioneer species, Pinus sylvestris and locust were selected for vegetation restoration in tree layer.The soil fertility status of the restored sample plots in the two mines was analyzed by investigating plant height and DBH, determining soil fertility index, and referring to the second national soil census grading standards, then the vegetation diversity index was calculated by combining Shannon-Wiener diversity index and the weight of the index determined by Delphi method. The vegetation diversity and the change of soil matrix in the understory herbaceous layer at the initial stage of restoration were analyzed. The results show that the tree height and DBH of Pinus sylvestris and locust increased year by year during the recovery of young forest; the average annual growth of locust tree height could reach 1.94-4.43 times than that of Pinus sylvestris. Two species of trees could improve the acidic soils to neutral soil. However, the young Pinus sylvestris was more likely to enhance the nutrient content of barren wasteland than the young locus forest. There were 19 herbs in the survey of vegetation diversity, belonging to 11 families of 16 genera.The vegetation diversity evaluation showed that the herb layer vegetation diversity index of Robinia pseudoacacia forest was higher than that of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest. In conclusion, mixed planting of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and locust in abandoned mines in Fushun is recommended to promote the natural succession of herbaceous layer and introduce shrub species to form a "tree-shrub-grass" composite repair system to accelerate the process of mine restoration.
引文
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[4]王柏莉,仇昕昕,仇旭,等.我国石灰石矿山开采生态环境问题及环保对策建议[J].工程勘察,2011,4:48-51.
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[7]袁王俊,卢训令,张维瑞,等.不同植被类型植物物种多样性[J].生态学报,2015,35(14):4651-4657.
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[11]单奇华,俞元春,张建锋,等.城市森林土壤肥力质量综合评价[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(4):186-190.
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[15]徐学红,王顺忠,马克平.生物多样性评估指标体系[C]//第七届全国生物多样性保护与持续利用研讨会,2006:28-36.
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[17]袁勤俭,宗乾进,沈洪洲.德尔菲法在我国的发展及应用研究-南京大学知识图谱研究组系列论文[J].现代情报,2011,31(5):3-7.
[18]杜占江,王金娜,肖丹.构建基于德尔菲法与层次分析法的文献信息资源评价指标体系[J].现代情报,2011,31(10):9-14.
[19]师刚强,赵艺,施泽明,等.土壤p H值与土壤有效养分关系探讨[J].现代农业科学,2009,16(5):93-94.
[20]管东生,何坤志,陈玉娟.广州城市绿地土壤特征及其对树木生长的影响[J].环境科学研究,1998,11(4):51-54.
[21]冯万忠,段文标,许皞.不同土地利用方式对城市土壤理化性质及其肥力的影响-以保定市为例[J].河北农业大学学报,2008,31(2):61-64.
[22]郭阿君,王志英,邹丽.樟子松挥发性有机物释放动态及其抑菌作用[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(4):115-118.
[23]韩芬,王辉,边银霞,等.华北落叶松枝叶挥发性物质的化学成分及其化感作用[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(11):2327-2332.
[2]陈明,徐慧,蔡忠萍,等.植物改良矿山废弃地的研究进展[J].有色金属科学与工程,2014,5(4):77-82.
[3]杨修,高林.德兴铜矿矿山废弃地植被恢复与重建研究[J].生态学报,2001,21(11):1932-1940.
[4]王柏莉,仇昕昕,仇旭,等.我国石灰石矿山开采生态环境问题及环保对策建议[J].工程勘察,2011,4:48-51.
[5]赵楠.辽宁省矿山废弃地植被恢复技术研究[J].防护林科技,2015,7:63-64.
[6]彭东海,侯晓龙,何宗明,等.金尾矿废弃地不同植被恢复模式对土壤理化性质的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(1):50-55.
[7]袁王俊,卢训令,张维瑞,等.不同植被类型植物物种多样性[J].生态学报,2015,35(14):4651-4657.
[8]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013.
[9]阚文杰,吴启堂.一个定量综合评价土壤肥力的方法初探[J].土壤通报,1994,25(6):245-247.
[10]田绪庆,陈为峰,申宏伟.日照市城区绿地土壤肥力质量评价[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(6):138-143.
[11]单奇华,俞元春,张建锋,等.城市森林土壤肥力质量综合评价[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(4):186-190.
[12]王堃,吕进英.退耕地的自然演替与人工恢复[J].中国农业资源与区划,2000,21(4):51-55.
[13]孟雪松,欧阳志云,崔国发,等.北京城市生态系统植物种类构成及其分布特征[J].生态学报,2004,24(10):2200-2206.
[14]马晓波,王兆印,程东升,等.东江中游河边植被多样性调查评价[J].水利学报,2006,37(3):348-352.
[15]徐学红,王顺忠,马克平.生物多样性评估指标体系[C]//第七届全国生物多样性保护与持续利用研讨会,2006:28-36.
[16]RESCHER N.Predicting the future[D].Albany,NY:State University of New York Press,1998.
[17]袁勤俭,宗乾进,沈洪洲.德尔菲法在我国的发展及应用研究-南京大学知识图谱研究组系列论文[J].现代情报,2011,31(5):3-7.
[18]杜占江,王金娜,肖丹.构建基于德尔菲法与层次分析法的文献信息资源评价指标体系[J].现代情报,2011,31(10):9-14.
[19]师刚强,赵艺,施泽明,等.土壤p H值与土壤有效养分关系探讨[J].现代农业科学,2009,16(5):93-94.
[20]管东生,何坤志,陈玉娟.广州城市绿地土壤特征及其对树木生长的影响[J].环境科学研究,1998,11(4):51-54.
[21]冯万忠,段文标,许皞.不同土地利用方式对城市土壤理化性质及其肥力的影响-以保定市为例[J].河北农业大学学报,2008,31(2):61-64.
[22]郭阿君,王志英,邹丽.樟子松挥发性有机物释放动态及其抑菌作用[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(4):115-118.
[23]韩芬,王辉,边银霞,等.华北落叶松枝叶挥发性物质的化学成分及其化感作用[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(11):2327-2332.
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