物源及沉积体系研究对识别岩性圈闭的意义——以黄骅坳陷歧口凹陷歧南斜坡为例
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摘要
针对研究区物源波及范围不明确、沉积相带划分证据不充分等问题,首先通过单井资料及地震资料的综合研究,明确了歧南西斜坡区沙三段沉积期的2个物源区位置及砂体分布特征。一是位于西部的羊三木凸起物源区,砂体由凸起向东呈扇形分布,厚度依次减薄;二是东部埕宁隆起物源区,砂体由南向北呈条带状展布。其次,在参考前人研究成果,明确该区古背景、古地形条件下,利用钻井取心、测井及录井等资料,识别出辫状河三角洲、扇三角洲2种主要沉积相类型,结合物源体系综合分析,明确了2个物源区辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体在斜坡区内的展布特征:西部砂体受斜坡背景控制,向西斜坡高部位形成上倾尖灭形态,是形成砂岩上倾尖灭岩性油气藏较为有利的目标区;东部砂体位于斜坡相对较低部位,其物源方向由南向北,在区内形成透镜状,是形成砂岩透镜体油气藏的有利目标区。物源及沉积体系研究为歧南西斜坡区沙三段的岩性尖灭圈闭和透镜体圈闭的识别提供了依据,为下一步刻画及评价这2类岩性圈闭油气藏奠定基础。
Aiming at the problems of unclear provenance distribution scope and insufficient evidence for the division of sedimentary facies zones in the study area,firstly,two provenance locations and sand body distribution characteristics of the third member of Shahejie Formation in the west slope area of Qi'nan are determined through the comprehensive study of single well data and seismic data:one is the provenance area of Yangsanmu uplift in the west,where the sand body is fan-shaped from the uplift to the east,and its thickness decreases in turn;The other is the provenance area of Chengning uplift in the east,where the sand bodies are striped from south to north.Secondly,based on the previous research results,two main sedimentary facies types of braided river delta and fan delta are identified according to the paleo-background and paleotopographic conditions and the coring,logging and mud logging data of the area.Combined with the comprehensive analysis of provenance system,the distribution characteristics of the subaqueous distributary channel sand bodies in braided river delta front in two provenance areas in the slope area are defined:The sandbody in the west is controlled by the slope background,and the upward pinch-out form is formed in the high part of the west slope,which is a favorable target area for the formation of upward pinch-out lithologic reservoirs of sandstone;The sand body in the east is located in the relatively low part of the slope,and its provenance direction is from south to north,forming lenticular shape in the area,which is a favorable target area for the formation of lenticular sandstone reservoirs.The study of provenance and sedimentary system provides a basis for identifying lithologic pinch-out traps and lenticular traps in Es3 member of Western Qinan slope area,and lays a foundation for further characterization and evaluation of these two types of lithologic traps.
Aiming at the problems of unclear provenance distribution scope and insufficient evidence for the division of sedimentary facies zones in the study area,firstly,two provenance locations and sand body distribution characteristics of the third member of Shahejie Formation in the west slope area of Qi'nan are determined through the comprehensive study of single well data and seismic data:one is the provenance area of Yangsanmu uplift in the west,where the sand body is fan-shaped from the uplift to the east,and its thickness decreases in turn;The other is the provenance area of Chengning uplift in the east,where the sand bodies are striped from south to north.Secondly,based on the previous research results,two main sedimentary facies types of braided river delta and fan delta are identified according to the paleo-background and paleotopographic conditions and the coring,logging and mud logging data of the area.Combined with the comprehensive analysis of provenance system,the distribution characteristics of the subaqueous distributary channel sand bodies in braided river delta front in two provenance areas in the slope area are defined:The sandbody in the west is controlled by the slope background,and the upward pinch-out form is formed in the high part of the west slope,which is a favorable target area for the formation of upward pinch-out lithologic reservoirs of sandstone;The sand body in the east is located in the relatively low part of the slope,and its provenance direction is from south to north,forming lenticular shape in the area,which is a favorable target area for the formation of lenticular sandstone reservoirs.The study of provenance and sedimentary system provides a basis for identifying lithologic pinch-out traps and lenticular traps in Es3 member of Western Qinan slope area,and lays a foundation for further characterization and evaluation of these two types of lithologic traps.
引文
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[13] 钟玮,蒲秀刚,何幼斌,等.渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷孔南地区古近系孔店组二段物源分析[J].古地理学报,2012,14(6):707-718.ZHONG Wei,PU Xiugang,HE Youbin,et al.Provenance of the Member 2 of Paleogene Kongdian Formation in Kongnan area,Huanghua Depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2012,14(6):707-718.
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[16] 贾东力,田景春,张翔,等.塔里木盆地东河砂岩层序地层及沉积演化规律[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(6):1124-1133.JIA Dongli,TIAN Jingchun,ZHANG Xiang,et al.Sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary evolution of Donghe Sandstone in Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2017,38(6):1124-1133.
[17] 王开燕,徐清彦,张桂芳,等.地震属性分析技术综述[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(2):816-820.WANG Kaiyan,XU Qingyan,ZHANG Guifang,et al.Summary of seismic attribute analysis[J].Progress in Geophysics,2013,28(2):816-820.
[18] 吴鹏,高计县,郭俊超,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴地区太原组桥头砂岩层序地层及沉积特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(1):67-75.WU Peng,GAO Jixian,GUO Junchao,et al.Sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary characteristic analysis of Qiaotou sandstone of Taiyuan Fm in Linxing area,eastern margin of Ordos Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2018,39(1):67-75.
[19] 吴永平,杨池银,王华,等.歧口凹陷构造-层序-沉积一体化研究及其应用[J].大地构造与成矿学,2010,34(4):451-460.WU Yongping,YANG Chiyin,WANG Hua,et al.Integrated study of tectonics-sequence stratrigraphy-sedimentology in the Qikou Sag and its applications[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2010,34(4):451-460.
[20] 何幼斌,王文广.沉积岩与沉积相[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007.
[21] 陈平,苏俊青,陆永潮,等.歧口凹陷歧深地区沙三段层序地层格架及其演化[J].大地构造与成矿学,2010,34(4):529-535.CHEN Ping,SU Junqing,LU Yongchao,et al.Stratigraphic framework and evolution in the Qishen Area of the Qikou Depression[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2010,34(4):529-535.
[22] 赵贤正,蒲秀刚,周立宏,等.渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷古近系沉积体系重建与储集层评价[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2017,44(5):565-576.ZHAO Xianzheng,PU Xiugang,ZHOU Lihong,et al.Reconstruction of Paleogene sedimentary system and reservoir evaluation in Qikou Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition),2017,44(5):565-576.
[23] 吴立群,蒲秀刚,焦养泉,等.断陷盆地单因素精细取证下的沉积体系综合分析:以歧口凹陷古近系沙三二亚段为例[J].大地构造与成矿,2010,34(4):499-511.WU Liqun,PU Xiugang,JIAO Yangquan,et al.Comprehensive analysis of depositional systems in fault basin based on the detailed study of individual factor:a case study of the Second Sub-member of the Third Member of the Paleogenic Shahejie Formation in the Qikou Sag[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2010,34(4):499-511.
[2] 李丕龙,陈冬霞,庞雄奇.岩性油气藏成因机理研究现状及展望[J].油气地质与采收率,2002,9(5):1-3.LI Pilong,CHEN Dongxia,PANG Xiongqi.Research progress and prospect about origin mechanism of lithologic deposit[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2002,9(5):1-3.
[3] 常迈,刘震,梁全胜,等.准噶尔盆地阜东斜坡带中上侏罗统岩性圈闭形成条件及成藏主控因素分析[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,22(6):20-23.CHANG Mai,LIU Zhen,LIANG Quansheng,et al.Forming conditions and main controlling factors of the Middle-Upper Jurassic lithologic traps on East Fukang Slope,Jungar Basin[J].Journal of Xi′an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2007,22(6):20-23.
[4] 刘群明,王烽,梁涛,等.三湖坳陷北斜坡区岩性圈闭预测[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,26(6):26-31.LIU Qunming,WANG Feng,LIANG Tao,et al.Prediction of lithologic trap in the northern slope of Sanhu Depression[J].Journal of Xi′an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2011,26(6):26-31.
[5] 金博,常广发,庞文珠,等.Melut 盆地 P 地区白垩系 Galhak 组岩性圈闭识别及其勘探意义[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,29(5):9-16.JIN Bo,CHANG Guangfa,PANG Wenzhu,et al.Identification and exploration significance of lithologic traps in Cretaceous Galhak Formation in P area of Melut Basin[J].Journal of Xi′an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2014,29(5):9-16.
[6] 于红枫,王英民,辛仁臣,等.东营凹陷八面河地区坡折带特征及其对地层岩性圈闭的控制作用[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2005,20(3):26-31.YU Hongfeng,WANG Yingmin,XIN Renchen,et al.Patterns of the slope-breaks in Bamianhe area of Dongying Sag and the controls of the slope-breaks on subtle traps[J].Journal of Xi′an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2005,20(3):26-31.
[7] 刘震,韩军,关强,等.地层岩性圈闭识别和评价的关键问题[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,22(3):31-37.LIU Zhen,HAN Jun,GUAN Qiang,et al.Key problems to the identification and evaluation of stratigraphic and lithologic traps[J].Journal of Xi′an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2007,22(3):31-37.
[8] 金凤鸣,崔周旗,王权.冀中坳陷地层岩性油气藏分布特征与主控因素[J].岩性油气藏,2017,29(2):19-27.JIN Fengming,CUI Zhouqi,WANG Quan,et al.Distribution characteristics and main controlling factors of stratigraphic-lithologic reservoirs in Jizhong Depression[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(2):19-27.
[9] 大港油田科技丛书编委会.第三系石油地质基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.
[10] 赵红格,刘池洋.物源分析方法及研究进展[J].沉积学报,2003,21(3):409-415.ZHAO Hongge,LIU Chiyang.Approaches and prospects of provenance analysis[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2003,21(3):409-415.
[11] 刘正华,杨香华,陈红汉,等.黄骅坳陷歧南凹陷古近系沙河街组储集层物性影响因素分析[J].古地理学报,2009,11(4):436-445.LIU Zhenghua,YANG Xianghua,CHEN Honghan,et al.Analysis of controlling factors on reservoir petrophysics of the Paleogene Shahejie For mation in Qinan Sag of Huanghua Depression[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2009,11(4):436-445.
[12] 孔德博,袁淑琴,张文彬,等.歧南斜坡沙一段中部重力流水道优质砂体分布与演化[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,43(6):680-686.KONG Debo,YUAN Shuqin,ZHANG Wenbin,et al.Distribution and evolution of high-quality sand bodies of gravity flow channel in the middle Member 1 of Shahejie Formation in Qinan slope,Bohai Gulf,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition),2016,43(6):680-686.
[13] 钟玮,蒲秀刚,何幼斌,等.渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷孔南地区古近系孔店组二段物源分析[J].古地理学报,2012,14(6):707-718.ZHONG Wei,PU Xiugang,HE Youbin,et al.Provenance of the Member 2 of Paleogene Kongdian Formation in Kongnan area,Huanghua Depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2012,14(6):707-718.
[14] 张晶,李双文,王书香,等.歧南斜坡深层成岩演化与次生孔隙形成机制[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(6):1071-1076.ZHANG Jing,LI Shuangwen,WANG Shuxiang,et al.Deep diagenetic evolution and formation mechanisms of secondary porosity in Qinan Ramp,Qikou Sag[J].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2014,43(6):1071-1076.
[15] 顾家裕,张兴阳.陆相层序地层学进展与在油气勘探开发中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(5):484-489.GU Jiayu,ZHANG Xingyang.Progress in continental sequence stratigraphy and its application in petroleum exploration and development[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2004,25(5):484-489.
[16] 贾东力,田景春,张翔,等.塔里木盆地东河砂岩层序地层及沉积演化规律[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(6):1124-1133.JIA Dongli,TIAN Jingchun,ZHANG Xiang,et al.Sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary evolution of Donghe Sandstone in Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2017,38(6):1124-1133.
[17] 王开燕,徐清彦,张桂芳,等.地震属性分析技术综述[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(2):816-820.WANG Kaiyan,XU Qingyan,ZHANG Guifang,et al.Summary of seismic attribute analysis[J].Progress in Geophysics,2013,28(2):816-820.
[18] 吴鹏,高计县,郭俊超,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴地区太原组桥头砂岩层序地层及沉积特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(1):67-75.WU Peng,GAO Jixian,GUO Junchao,et al.Sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary characteristic analysis of Qiaotou sandstone of Taiyuan Fm in Linxing area,eastern margin of Ordos Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2018,39(1):67-75.
[19] 吴永平,杨池银,王华,等.歧口凹陷构造-层序-沉积一体化研究及其应用[J].大地构造与成矿学,2010,34(4):451-460.WU Yongping,YANG Chiyin,WANG Hua,et al.Integrated study of tectonics-sequence stratrigraphy-sedimentology in the Qikou Sag and its applications[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2010,34(4):451-460.
[20] 何幼斌,王文广.沉积岩与沉积相[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007.
[21] 陈平,苏俊青,陆永潮,等.歧口凹陷歧深地区沙三段层序地层格架及其演化[J].大地构造与成矿学,2010,34(4):529-535.CHEN Ping,SU Junqing,LU Yongchao,et al.Stratigraphic framework and evolution in the Qishen Area of the Qikou Depression[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2010,34(4):529-535.
[22] 赵贤正,蒲秀刚,周立宏,等.渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷古近系沉积体系重建与储集层评价[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2017,44(5):565-576.ZHAO Xianzheng,PU Xiugang,ZHOU Lihong,et al.Reconstruction of Paleogene sedimentary system and reservoir evaluation in Qikou Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition),2017,44(5):565-576.
[23] 吴立群,蒲秀刚,焦养泉,等.断陷盆地单因素精细取证下的沉积体系综合分析:以歧口凹陷古近系沙三二亚段为例[J].大地构造与成矿,2010,34(4):499-511.WU Liqun,PU Xiugang,JIAO Yangquan,et al.Comprehensive analysis of depositional systems in fault basin based on the detailed study of individual factor:a case study of the Second Sub-member of the Third Member of the Paleogenic Shahejie Formation in the Qikou Sag[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2010,34(4):499-511.
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