高放废物地质处置切缝药包定向爆破技术研究
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摘要
基于切缝药包定向断裂技术,详细研究了切缝药包在巷道爆破中的爆发过程及其破坏原理;并结合高放废物地质处置爆破工程的特殊性(围岩损伤要求尽可能的小),论述了甘肃北山坑探设施BET项目,设计了切缝药包定向爆破的参数。并从理论上分析了高放废物地质处置工程定向断裂爆破岩石破坏的起裂及破坏判据,其采用动态力学参数(动抗压强度、动抗拉强度、动态弹性模量、动泊松比、动断裂韧性、动应力强度因子等)对该破坏判据进行了刻画。进一步的,在同一巷道掌子面情况下,于不同左、右帮部位置处,实施了切缝药包爆破试验,发现在采用切缝药包的右帮位置处,光面爆破效果良好,并且在切缝药包处的围岩损伤范围与爆破振动速度均较普通药包情况下的损伤范围小,验证了通过上述方法计算得到的爆破参数是合理的,切缝药包技术应用于高放废物地质处置工程是可取的。需指出的是,钻爆施工涵盖多种不同的爆破参数,影响因素众多,该文爆破试验获取的爆破数据仅仅是对切槽药包定向断裂爆破在高放废物地质处置工程的初步探索,该研究可对后续工程开挖提供相应的试验数据与理论支撑,其对于深部地下工程的爆破开挖有一定的理论指导意义。
As the excavation damaged zone(EDZ) of the surrounding rock is required to be as low as possible for the geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste, the blasting theory was studied deeply with the cutting seam cartridge technology. Taking the Beishan exploration tunnel(BET) as an example, the blasting parameters were designed by the cutting seam cartridge technology. A rock failure criterion was proposed especially for judging the rock crack initiation and propagation, where the dynamic mechanical parameters were adopted.Furthermore, a blasting test was carried out under the same tunnel face with the left and right sides, which correspond to the common cartridge and cutting seam cartridge, respectively. It is found that the blasting effect of the cutting seam cartridge is better than the other side, which verified the cutting seam cartridge technology.Moreover, with the surrounding rock EDZ and blasting vibration monitoring, the EDZ area and blasting vibration velocity of the cutting seam cartridge were much smaller than those of the other side. The results and the theoretical knowledge can be applied to the blasting and excavation of deep geo-engineering and the High-Level radioactive Waste geo-disposal.
As the excavation damaged zone(EDZ) of the surrounding rock is required to be as low as possible for the geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste, the blasting theory was studied deeply with the cutting seam cartridge technology. Taking the Beishan exploration tunnel(BET) as an example, the blasting parameters were designed by the cutting seam cartridge technology. A rock failure criterion was proposed especially for judging the rock crack initiation and propagation, where the dynamic mechanical parameters were adopted.Furthermore, a blasting test was carried out under the same tunnel face with the left and right sides, which correspond to the common cartridge and cutting seam cartridge, respectively. It is found that the blasting effect of the cutting seam cartridge is better than the other side, which verified the cutting seam cartridge technology.Moreover, with the surrounding rock EDZ and blasting vibration monitoring, the EDZ area and blasting vibration velocity of the cutting seam cartridge were much smaller than those of the other side. The results and the theoretical knowledge can be applied to the blasting and excavation of deep geo-engineering and the High-Level radioactive Waste geo-disposal.
引文
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[10]王文龙.钻眼爆破[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1984.Wang Wenlong.Drilling and Blasting[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1984.(in Chinese)
[11]顾义磊,李晓红,杜云贵,等.隧道光面爆破合理爆破参数的确定[J].重庆大学学报:自然科学版,2005,28(3):95―97.Gu Yilei,Li Xiaohong,Du Yungui,et al.Reasonable smooth blasting factor used in tunnel[J].Journal of Chongqing University:Natural Science,2005,28(3):95―97.(in Chinese)
[12]戴俊,杨永琦.损伤岩石周边控制爆破分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(5):496―499.Dai Jun,Yang Yongqi.Analysis of controlled perimeter blasting in damaged rock[J].Journal of University of Mining and Technology,2000,29(5):496―499.(in Chinese)
[13]付玉华,李夕兵,董陇军.损伤条件下深部岩体巷道光面爆破参数研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(5):1420―1426.Fu Yuhua,Li Xibing,Dong Longjun.Analysis of smooth blasting parameters for tunnels in deep damaged rock mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(5):1420―1426.(in Chinese)
[14]黄霖.光面爆破主要参数的优选及校核[J].爆破,2002,19(3):20―21.Huang Lin.Optimization and check of the main parameters in smooth blasting[J].Blasting,2002,19(3):20―21.(in Chinese)
[15]陈俊桦,李新平,张家生.基于爆破损伤的岩台保护层开挖爆破参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(1):98―108.Chen Junhua,Li Xinping,Zhang Jiasheng.Study on blasting parameters of protective layer excavation of rock bench based on blasting induced damage[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(1):98―108.(in Chinese)
[16]Feng Dai,Xia K,Lizhong Tang.Rate dependence of the flexural tensile strength of Laurentian granite[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010(47):469―475.
[17]马芹永.光面爆破炮眼间距及光面层厚度的确定[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(6):590―594.Ma Qinyong.Definition of hole-space and burden in smooth blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1997,16(6):590―594.(in Chinese)
[18]胡红利.岩巷施工光面爆破参数选择与质量控制措施[J].中国矿业,2007,16(6):63―65.Hu Hongli.The selection of smooth blasting parameters and quality control of tunnel in rocks[J].China Mining Magazine,2007,16(6):63―65.(in Chinese)
[19]汪学清,单仁亮,黄宝龙.光面爆破技术在破碎的软岩巷道掘进中的应用研究[J].爆破,2008,25(3):12―16.Wang Xueqing,Shan Renliang,Huang Baolong.Application research on smooth blasting for cracked soft rock tunneling[J].Blasting,2008,25(3):12―16.(in Chinese)
[20]常东升,李延林,成光武.优化爆破参数对提高岩石巷道掘进效率的探讨与实践[J].煤炭技术,2007,26(2):135―137.Chang Dongsheng,Li Yanlin,Cheng Guangwu.Exploration and practice of optimizing blasting parameters to improve driving efficiency of rock roadway[J].Coal Technology,2007,26(2):135―137.(in Chinese)
[21]吕渊,张登龙.光面爆破施工中关于周边眼参数的探讨[J].煤矿爆破,2002,3(1):7―9.LüYuan,Zhang Denglong.Discussion on surrounding hole in smooth blasting construction[J].Coal Mine Blasting,2002,3(1):7―9.(in Chinese)
[22]郭义奎,张登龙.软岩中巷道掘进光面爆破参数的计算分析[J].矿山压力与顶班管理,2003,2(1):102―105.Guo Yikui,Zhang Denglong.Calculation and analysis of smooth blasting parameters for soft rock excavation[J].Mine pressure and overhead management,2003,2(1):102―105.(in Chinese)
[23]杨永琦,杨仁树,高全臣,等.定向断裂控制爆破机制与生产试验[J].爆破,1995,6(1):40―43.Yang Yongqi,Yang Renshu,Gao Quanchen,et al.Mechanism and production test of directional fracture blasting[J].Blasting,1995,6(1):40―43.(in Chinese)
[24]杨仁树,佟强,杨国梁.切缝药包掏槽爆破试验研究[J].煤矿安全,2010,2(5):11―14.Yang Renshu,Tong Qiang,Yang Guoliang.Experimental study on cut blasting with slotted cartridge[M].Coal Safety,2010,2(5):11―14.(in Chinese)
[25]田运生,田会礼,杨仁树,等.切缝药包定向爆破技术在岩巷中的应用[J].矿井技术,1997,7(6):10―12.Tian Yunsheng,Tian Huili,Yang Renshu.Study of the cut blasting with slotted cartridge on the rock tunnel[M].Mine Construction Technology,1997,7(6):10―12.(in Chinese)
[26]岳中文,郭洋,许鹏,等.定向断裂控制爆破的空孔效应试验分析[J].爆炸与冲击,2015,35(3):304―311.Yue Zhongwen,Guo Yang,Xu Peng.Analysis of empty hole effect in directional fracture controlled blasting[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2015,35(3):304―311.(in Chinese)
[27]杨仁树,高祥涛,左进京,等.切缝药包爆炸波传播机制试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,35(8):1434―1440.Yang Renshu,Gao Xiangtao,Zuo Jinjing,et al.Experimental study of blasting wave propagation mechanism on cutting seam cartridge[J].Journal of Coal Industry,2014,35(8):1434―1440.(in Chinese)
[28]杨仁树,丁晨曦,杨立云,等.含缺陷PMMA介质的定向断裂控制爆破试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(3):690―696.Yang Renshu,Ding Chenxi,Yang Liyun,et al.Experimental study on controlled directional blasting on PMMA mediums with flaws[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(3):690―696.(in Chinese)
[2]中华人民共和国环境保护部.放射性废物管理规定(GB14500―93)[R].北京:国家技术监督局,1993.Ministry of environmental Protection of the People’s republic of China.regulations on the management of radioactive waste(GB14500―93)[R].Beijing:State Bureau of Technical Supervision,1993.(in Chinese)
[3]国家核安全局.放射性废物地质处置选址(HAD401―06)[R].北京:国家核安全局,1998.National nuclear safety administration.Site selection for geological disposal of radioactive waste(HAD401―06)[R].Beijing,National Nuclear Safety Administration,1998.(in Chinese)
[4]中华人民共和国.中华人民共和国放射性污染防治法[M].北京:法律出版社,2003.People’s republic of china.Law of the people’s republic of china on the prevention and control of radioactive pollution[M].Beijing:Law Publishing House,2003.(in Chinese)
[5]国防科学技术工业委员会,科学技术部,国家环境保护总局.高放废物地质处置研究开发规划指南[R].北京:国家环境保护总局,2006.National Defense Science,Technology and industry Commission,Ministry of Science and Technology,State Environmental Protection Administration.Guidelines for Research and Development of Geological Disposal of High Level Radioactive Waste[R].Beijing:State Environmental Protection Administration,2006.(in Chinese)
[6]潘自强,钱七虎.高放废物地质处置战略研究[M].北京:原子能出版社,2009.Pan Ziqiang,Qian Qihu.Strategic study on geological disposal of High level radioactive waste[M].Beijing:Atomic Energy Press,2009.(in Chinese)
[7]钱七虎.中国岩石工程技术的新进展[M].北京:中国工程科学,2010,12(8):37―48.Qian Qihu.New progress of rock engineering technology in China[M].Beijing,China Engineering Science,2010,12(8):37―48.(in Chinese)
[8]王驹.论中国高放废物地质处置[J].中国地质,1998,7:33―35.Wang Ju.On the geological disposal of high level radioactive waste in china[J].Geology of China,1998,7:33―35.(in Chinese)
[9]杨永琦.矿山爆破技术与安全[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1991:37―39.Yang Yongqi.Technology and safety of blasting in mine[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1991:37―39.(in Chinese)
[10]王文龙.钻眼爆破[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1984.Wang Wenlong.Drilling and Blasting[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1984.(in Chinese)
[11]顾义磊,李晓红,杜云贵,等.隧道光面爆破合理爆破参数的确定[J].重庆大学学报:自然科学版,2005,28(3):95―97.Gu Yilei,Li Xiaohong,Du Yungui,et al.Reasonable smooth blasting factor used in tunnel[J].Journal of Chongqing University:Natural Science,2005,28(3):95―97.(in Chinese)
[12]戴俊,杨永琦.损伤岩石周边控制爆破分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(5):496―499.Dai Jun,Yang Yongqi.Analysis of controlled perimeter blasting in damaged rock[J].Journal of University of Mining and Technology,2000,29(5):496―499.(in Chinese)
[13]付玉华,李夕兵,董陇军.损伤条件下深部岩体巷道光面爆破参数研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(5):1420―1426.Fu Yuhua,Li Xibing,Dong Longjun.Analysis of smooth blasting parameters for tunnels in deep damaged rock mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(5):1420―1426.(in Chinese)
[14]黄霖.光面爆破主要参数的优选及校核[J].爆破,2002,19(3):20―21.Huang Lin.Optimization and check of the main parameters in smooth blasting[J].Blasting,2002,19(3):20―21.(in Chinese)
[15]陈俊桦,李新平,张家生.基于爆破损伤的岩台保护层开挖爆破参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(1):98―108.Chen Junhua,Li Xinping,Zhang Jiasheng.Study on blasting parameters of protective layer excavation of rock bench based on blasting induced damage[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(1):98―108.(in Chinese)
[16]Feng Dai,Xia K,Lizhong Tang.Rate dependence of the flexural tensile strength of Laurentian granite[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010(47):469―475.
[17]马芹永.光面爆破炮眼间距及光面层厚度的确定[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(6):590―594.Ma Qinyong.Definition of hole-space and burden in smooth blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1997,16(6):590―594.(in Chinese)
[18]胡红利.岩巷施工光面爆破参数选择与质量控制措施[J].中国矿业,2007,16(6):63―65.Hu Hongli.The selection of smooth blasting parameters and quality control of tunnel in rocks[J].China Mining Magazine,2007,16(6):63―65.(in Chinese)
[19]汪学清,单仁亮,黄宝龙.光面爆破技术在破碎的软岩巷道掘进中的应用研究[J].爆破,2008,25(3):12―16.Wang Xueqing,Shan Renliang,Huang Baolong.Application research on smooth blasting for cracked soft rock tunneling[J].Blasting,2008,25(3):12―16.(in Chinese)
[20]常东升,李延林,成光武.优化爆破参数对提高岩石巷道掘进效率的探讨与实践[J].煤炭技术,2007,26(2):135―137.Chang Dongsheng,Li Yanlin,Cheng Guangwu.Exploration and practice of optimizing blasting parameters to improve driving efficiency of rock roadway[J].Coal Technology,2007,26(2):135―137.(in Chinese)
[21]吕渊,张登龙.光面爆破施工中关于周边眼参数的探讨[J].煤矿爆破,2002,3(1):7―9.LüYuan,Zhang Denglong.Discussion on surrounding hole in smooth blasting construction[J].Coal Mine Blasting,2002,3(1):7―9.(in Chinese)
[22]郭义奎,张登龙.软岩中巷道掘进光面爆破参数的计算分析[J].矿山压力与顶班管理,2003,2(1):102―105.Guo Yikui,Zhang Denglong.Calculation and analysis of smooth blasting parameters for soft rock excavation[J].Mine pressure and overhead management,2003,2(1):102―105.(in Chinese)
[23]杨永琦,杨仁树,高全臣,等.定向断裂控制爆破机制与生产试验[J].爆破,1995,6(1):40―43.Yang Yongqi,Yang Renshu,Gao Quanchen,et al.Mechanism and production test of directional fracture blasting[J].Blasting,1995,6(1):40―43.(in Chinese)
[24]杨仁树,佟强,杨国梁.切缝药包掏槽爆破试验研究[J].煤矿安全,2010,2(5):11―14.Yang Renshu,Tong Qiang,Yang Guoliang.Experimental study on cut blasting with slotted cartridge[M].Coal Safety,2010,2(5):11―14.(in Chinese)
[25]田运生,田会礼,杨仁树,等.切缝药包定向爆破技术在岩巷中的应用[J].矿井技术,1997,7(6):10―12.Tian Yunsheng,Tian Huili,Yang Renshu.Study of the cut blasting with slotted cartridge on the rock tunnel[M].Mine Construction Technology,1997,7(6):10―12.(in Chinese)
[26]岳中文,郭洋,许鹏,等.定向断裂控制爆破的空孔效应试验分析[J].爆炸与冲击,2015,35(3):304―311.Yue Zhongwen,Guo Yang,Xu Peng.Analysis of empty hole effect in directional fracture controlled blasting[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2015,35(3):304―311.(in Chinese)
[27]杨仁树,高祥涛,左进京,等.切缝药包爆炸波传播机制试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,35(8):1434―1440.Yang Renshu,Gao Xiangtao,Zuo Jinjing,et al.Experimental study of blasting wave propagation mechanism on cutting seam cartridge[J].Journal of Coal Industry,2014,35(8):1434―1440.(in Chinese)
[28]杨仁树,丁晨曦,杨立云,等.含缺陷PMMA介质的定向断裂控制爆破试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(3):690―696.Yang Renshu,Ding Chenxi,Yang Liyun,et al.Experimental study on controlled directional blasting on PMMA mediums with flaws[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(3):690―696.(in Chinese)
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