Studies on eco-environmental change in source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers of China:present and future
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摘要
The source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers are important in the field of eco-environmental change research in China because of its distinct alpine ecosystem and cryosphere environment. At present, there are three different concepts on the extent of source areas of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers: hydrological, geographical, and eco-environmental. Over the past decades, annual average air temperature has warmed significantly; moreover, the temperature rise rate increases notably with increase of time of the data series. Annual precipitation has no obvious increase or decrease trend, and the climate has become warm and dry in the source regions. As a result, the cryosphere in the regions has shrunk significantly since 1960 s. A warm and dry climate and changing cryosphere together induced a substantial declination of alpine wetlands, marked decrease in river runoff, significant degradation of alpine grassland, and a reduction of engineering stability.The ecological environment, however, has a tendency for restoration in the regions because the climate has become gradually warm and wet since 2000. Thus, studies on eco-environmental change is transforming from a single element to multidisciplinary integration. Climate change-cryopshere change-physical and socioeconomic impacts/risk-adaptation constitute a chain of multidisciplinary integration research.
The source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers are important in the field of eco-environmental change research in China because of its distinct alpine ecosystem and cryosphere environment. At present, there are three different concepts on the extent of source areas of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers: hydrological, geographical, and eco-environmental. Over the past decades, annual average air temperature has warmed significantly; moreover, the temperature rise rate increases notably with increase of time of the data series. Annual precipitation has no obvious increase or decrease trend, and the climate has become warm and dry in the source regions. As a result, the cryosphere in the regions has shrunk significantly since 1960 s. A warm and dry climate and changing cryosphere together induced a substantial declination of alpine wetlands, marked decrease in river runoff, significant degradation of alpine grassland, and a reduction of engineering stability.The ecological environment, however, has a tendency for restoration in the regions because the climate has become gradually warm and wet since 2000. Thus, studies on eco-environmental change is transforming from a single element to multidisciplinary integration. Climate change-cryopshere change-physical and socioeconomic impacts/risk-adaptation constitute a chain of multidisciplinary integration research.
The source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers are important in the field of eco-environmental change research in China because of its distinct alpine ecosystem and cryosphere environment. At present, there are three different concepts on the extent of source areas of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers: hydrological, geographical, and eco-environmental. Over the past decades, annual average air temperature has warmed significantly; moreover, the temperature rise rate increases notably with increase of time of the data series. Annual precipitation has no obvious increase or decrease trend, and the climate has become warm and dry in the source regions. As a result, the cryosphere in the regions has shrunk significantly since 1960 s. A warm and dry climate and changing cryosphere together induced a substantial declination of alpine wetlands, marked decrease in river runoff, significant degradation of alpine grassland, and a reduction of engineering stability.The ecological environment, however, has a tendency for restoration in the regions because the climate has become gradually warm and wet since 2000. Thus, studies on eco-environmental change is transforming from a single element to multidisciplinary integration. Climate change-cryopshere change-physical and socioeconomic impacts/risk-adaptation constitute a chain of multidisciplinary integration research.
引文
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Ding YJ,Xiao CD,2013.Challenges in the study of cryospher‐ic changes and their impacts.Advances in Earth Science,28(10):1067-1076.DOI:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2013.10.1067.
Du JZ,Wang GX,Yang Y,et al.,2015a.Temporal and spatial variation of the distributive patterns and driving force anal‐ysis in the Yangtze River and Yellow River source regions wetland.Acta Ecological Sinica,35(18):6173-6182.DOI:10.5846/stxb201401260196.
Du JZ,Wang GX,Li YS,2015b.Rate and causes of degrada‐tion of alpine grassland in the source regions of the Yang‐tze and Yellow Rivers during the last 45 years.Acta Prata‐culturae Sinica,24(6):5-15.DOI:10.11686/cyxb2014302.
Fang YP,Qin DH,Ding YJ,2011.Frozen soil change and adap‐tation of animal husbandry:a case of the source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers.Environmental Science&Poli‐cy,14(5):555-568.DOI:10.1016/j.envsci.2011.03.012.
Fang YP,Zhao C,Ding YJ,et al.,2016.Impacts of snow disas‐ter on meat production and adaptation:an empirical analy‐sis in the yellow river source region.Sustainability Sci‐ence,11:246-260.DOI:10.1007/s11625-015-0325-5.
Fang YP,Qin DH,Deng MZ,et al.,2012.Change and effect‐ing element of grassland ecosystem in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers based on sociological per‐spective.Arid Land Geography,35(1):73-81.DOI:http://ir.casnw.net/handle/362004/20411.
Fang YP,Qin DH,Ding YJ,2009.Scientific issues of ecosys‐tem vulnerability research in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers.Journal of Mountain Science,27(2):140-148.DOI:10.1016/S1003-6326(09)60084-4.
Feng YQ,Liang SH,Wu QB,et al.,2016.Vegetation respons‐es to permafrost degradation in the Qinghai-Tibetan Pla‐teau.Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Sci‐ence).52(3):311-316.DOI:10.16360/j.cnki.jbnuns.2016.03.010.
Hu LW,Yang GH,Feng YZ,et al.,2007.Tendency research of climate warm dry in source regions of the Yangtze River,the Yellow River and the Lantsang River.Journal of North‐west A&F University(Nat.Sci.Ed.),35(7):141-146.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1671-9387.2007.07.027.
Institute of Geography,CAS,1990.Atlas of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Beijing:Science Press,pp.77-79.
Jiang YJ,Li SJ,Shen DF,et al.,2012.Climate change and its impact on the regional environment in the source regions of the Yangtze,Yellow and Lantsang Rivers in QinghaiTibetan Plateau during 1971-2008.Journal of Mountain Science,30(4):461-469.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-2786.2012.04.012.
Jin HJ,Wang SL,Lv LZ,et al.,2010.Features and degradation of frozen ground in the source area of the Yellow River,China.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,32(1):10-17.DOI:http://ir.casnw.net/handle/362004/8970.
Jing K,You LY,1982.Geographical investigation in the source region of the Yellow region.In:Investigation works in the headwater region of the Yellow River.Xining:Qinghai Peo‐ple Press,pp.169-189.(in Chinese)
Lemke P,Ren J,Alley RB,et al.,2007.Observations:Changes in Snow,Ice and Frozen Ground.In:Climate Change 2007:The Physical Science Basis.Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.In:Solomon S,Qin D,Manning M,et al.(eds.).Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,United Kingdom and New York,NY,USA.
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