移动云:架构、机制、挑战
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摘要
随着通信和计算机技术的发展,移动云计算的内涵不断扩大,目前由邻近移动设备通过自组织网形成的移动云成为新研究热点.由于移动云为其网络中设备提供的服务具有更少带宽占用、更低价格、更小延迟等特点,因此在移动云计算中具有重要地位.该文总结近年移动云的相关研究,并针对架构、机制、挑战3方面展开研究和论述.首先,根据计算节点分布及通信和控制架构,将其分为集中式移动云和分布式移动云,并针对两类架构及其组件展开论述;其次,分析移动云形成、运行和维持的特点,从激励机制、任务分配和调度机制、隐私安全机制和质量保障机制4个方面进行讨论;最后,总结现有文献对移动云研究的不足,在框架、形成、运行和发展4个方面对未来的研究提出展望,进一步明确了移动云的研究方向.
With the development of communication and computer technology, the conception of Mobile Cloud computing is increasingly expanding. Currently, the Mobile Cloud formed by the nearby mobile devices through ad hoc network has become a new research hot topic. For the services provided by the Mobile Cloud to its internal devices with less bandwidth, lower price, smaller delay and other characteristics, it has attract substantial attention in Mobile Cloud computing. This paper summarizes the related research of the Mobile Cloud, and discusses architecture, mechanism and challenges. First of all, according to the distribution of calculation nodes,communication and control architecture, we divide the architecture into centralized Mobile Cloud and distributed Mobile Cloud, discuss the two types of architecture and its components; secondly, through analyzing the characteristics of Mobile Cloud formation, maintenance and dissolution, its mechanism can be divide into four aspects, that is, incentive mechanism, task allocation and scheduling mechanism, privacy and security mechanism and quality assurance mechanism; finally, based on the summarize of the shortcomings of existing literature on Mobile Cloud research, the four challenges are discussed, the trends of the future development and the further research direction of Mobile Cloud are clarified.
With the development of communication and computer technology, the conception of Mobile Cloud computing is increasingly expanding. Currently, the Mobile Cloud formed by the nearby mobile devices through ad hoc network has become a new research hot topic. For the services provided by the Mobile Cloud to its internal devices with less bandwidth, lower price, smaller delay and other characteristics, it has attract substantial attention in Mobile Cloud computing. This paper summarizes the related research of the Mobile Cloud, and discusses architecture, mechanism and challenges. First of all, according to the distribution of calculation nodes,communication and control architecture, we divide the architecture into centralized Mobile Cloud and distributed Mobile Cloud, discuss the two types of architecture and its components; secondly, through analyzing the characteristics of Mobile Cloud formation, maintenance and dissolution, its mechanism can be divide into four aspects, that is, incentive mechanism, task allocation and scheduling mechanism, privacy and security mechanism and quality assurance mechanism; finally, based on the summarize of the shortcomings of existing literature on Mobile Cloud research, the four challenges are discussed, the trends of the future development and the further research direction of Mobile Cloud are clarified.
引文
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[3]Liu J,Ahmed E,Shiraz M,et al.Application partitioning algorithms in mobile cloud computing:taxonomy,review and future directions[J].Journal of Network&Computer Applications,2015,48(C):99-117.
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[8]张锋辉,符茂胜,郁书好,等.基于随机博弈的云代理与私有云盟的最优收益[J].计算机应用研究,2018,35(11):3 385-3 388.Zhang F H,Fu M S,Yu S H,et al.Optimal revenue of cloud broker and private cloud federation based on stochastic games[J].Application Research of Computers,2018,35(11):3 385-3 388.
[9]Fang W,Yao X,Zhao X,et al.A stochastic control approach to maximize profit on service provisioning for mobile cloudlet platforms[J].IEEE Transactions on Systems Man&Cybernetics Systems,2018,48(4):522-534.
[10]Fernando N,Loke S W,Rahayu W.Mobile cloud computing:A survey[J].Future Generation Computer Systems,2013,29(1):84-106.DOI:10.1016/j.future.2012.05.023.
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[14]Zhao W,Sun Y,Dai L.Improving computer basis teaching through mobile communication and cloud computing technology[C].IEEE International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering,Chengdu,China,2010:452-454.
[15]Jiang M,Zhang S,Wu K,et al.Scheduling parallelizable task in self-organized cloudlet using Hermes[C].IEEE Computer Communications Workshops,San Francisco,USA,2016:1 059-1 060.
[16]Lyu X,Tian H.Adaptive Receding Horizon offloading strategy under dynamic environment[J].IEEE Communications Letters,2016,20(5):878-881.DOI:10.1109/LCOMM.2016.2531047.
[17]Miluzzo E,Chen Y F.Vision:mClouds-computing on clouds of mobile devices[C].IEEE ACM Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing and Services,New York,USA,2012:9-14.
[18]Al Noor S,Hasan R,Haque M M.Cellcloud:A novel cost effective formation of mobile cloud based on bidding incentives[C].IEEE 7th International Conference on Cloud Computing,Anchorage,USA,2014:200-207.
[19]Song J,Cui Y,Li M,et al.Energy-traffic tradeoff cooperative offloading for mobile cloud computing[C].IEEE 22nd International Symposium of Quality of Service,Hongkong,China,2014:284-289.
[20]Mtibaa,Harras K A,Fahim A.Towards computational offloading in mobile device clouds[C].IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science,Bristol,UK,2014:331-338.
[21]Zhang F,Liu Y,Liu W,et al.Stochastic game between cloud broker and cloudlet for mobile cloud computing[C].2017 IEEE 86th Vehicular Technology Conference(VTC-Fall),Toronto,Canada,2018:1-5.
[22]Shila D M,Shen W,Cheng Y,et al.AMCloud:toward a secure autonomic mobile ad hoc cloud computing system[J].IEEE Wireless Communications,2017,24(2):74-81.DOI:10.1109/MWC.2016.1500119RP.
[23]Balasubramanian V,Karmouch A.An infrastructure as a Service for Mobile Ad-hoc Cloud[C].IEEE 7th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference,Las Vegas,USA,2017:1-7.
[24]Zhang D,Xiong H,Hsu C H,et al.BASA:building mobile ad-hoc social networks on top of android[J].IEEE Network,2014,28(1):4-9.DOI:10.1109/MNET.2014.6724100.
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[26]Jang M,Park M S,Shah S C.A mobile ad hoc cloud for automated video surveillance system[C].IEEE International Conference on Computing,NETWORKING and Communications,Kauai,USA,2017:1 001-1 005.
[27]Azar H,Majma M.Using a multi decision making model for managing computational resources at mobile adhoc cloud computing environment[C].IEEE International Conference on Engineering and Technology(ICET),Islamabad,Pakistan,2017:1-5.
[28]Yaqoob I,Ahmed E,Gani A,et al.Mobile ad hoc cloud:A survey[J].Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing,2016,16(16):2 572-2 589.DOI:10.1002/wcm.v16.16.
[29]Huerta-Canepa G,Lee D.A virtual cloud computing provider for mobile devices[C].ACM Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing&Services:Social Networks&Beyond,New York,USA.2010:1-6.
[30]Fernando N,Seng W L,Rahayu W.Dynamic mobile cloud computing:ad hoc and opportunistic job sharing[C].4th IEEE International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing,Beijing,China,2012:281-286.
[31]Zhou B,Dastjerdi A V,Calheiros R,et al.mCloud:Acontext-aware offloading framework for heterogeneous mobile cloud[J].IEEE Transactions on Services Computing,2017,10(5):797-810.DOI:10.1109/TSC.2015.2511002.
[32]Khalifa A,Azab M,Eltowissy M.Towards a mobile adhoc cloud management platform[C].IEEE/ACN,International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing,London,UK,2014:427-434.
[33]Yousafzai A,Chang V,Gani A,et al.Directory-based incentive management services for ad-hoc mobile clouds[J].International Journal of Information Management,2016,36(6):900-906.DOI:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.05.019.
[34]Song J,Cui Y,Li M,et al.Energy-traffic tradeoff cooperative offloading for mobile cloud computing[C].IEEE 22nd International Symposium of Quality of Service(IWQoS),Hongkong,China,2014:284-289.
[35]Wang X,Chen X,Wu W,et al.Cooperative application execution in mobile cloud computing:A stackelberg game approach[J].IEEE Communications Letters,2016,20(5):946-949.DOI:10.1109/LCOMM.2015.2506580.
[36]Tang L,He S,Li Q.Double-sided bidding mechanism for resource sharing in mobile cloud[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2017,66(2):1 798-1809.DOI:10.1109/TVT.2016.2565505.
[37]Zhang F,Deng R,Liang H.An optimal real-time distributed algorithm for utility maximization of mobile ad hoc cloud[J].IEEE Communications Letters,2018,22(4):824-827.DOI:10.1109/LCOMM.2018.2804928.
[38]Chilipirea C,PetreE A C,Dobre C,et al.Enabling mobile cloud wide spread through an evolutionary marketbased approach[J].IEEE Systems Journal,2016,10(2):839-846.DOI:10.1109/JSYST.2015.2415211.
[39]Lu Z,Zhao J,Wu Y,et al.Task allocation for mobile cloud computing in heterogeneous wireless networks[C].IEEE International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks,Las Vegas,USA,2015:1-9.
[40]Tham C K,Cao B.Stochastic programming methods for workload assignment in an ad hoc mobile cloud[J].IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,2017,17(7):1 709-1 722.
[41]Malhotra A,Dhurandher S K,Kumar B.Resource allocation in multi-hop mobile ad hoc cloud[C].IEEE Engineering and Computational Sciences,Chandigarh,India,2014:1-6.
[42]Truong-Huu T,Tham C K,Niyato D.A stochastic workload distribution approach for an ad hoc mobile cloud[C].IEEE,International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science,IEEE Computer Society,Singapore,2014:174-181.
[43]Chen X,Shi Q,Yang L,et al.ThriftyEdge:resource-efficient edge computing for intelligent IoTapplications[J].IEEE Network,2018,32(1):61-65.DOI:10.1109/MNET.2018.1700145.
[44]Venkatramsn B,Zaman F A,Karmouch A.Optimization of device selection in a mobile ad-hoc cloud based on composition score[C]IEEE 2nd International Conference on Communication Systems,Computing and ITApplications(CSCITA),Mumbai,India,2017:257-262.
[45]Huang B,Xia W,Zhang Y,et al.A task assignment algorithm based on particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing in ad-hoc mobile cloud[C].International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing,Nanjing,China,2017:1-6.
[46]Benkhelifa E,Welsh T,Tawalbeh L,et al.GA-based resource augmentation negotation for energy-optimised mobile ad-hoc cloud[C]IEEE International Conference on Mobile Cloud Computing,Services,and Engineering,Oxford,UK,2016:110-116.
[47]Li B,Pei Y,Wu H,et al.Heuristics to allocate highperformance cloudlets for computation offloading in mobile ad hoc clouds[J].Journal of Super Computing,2015,71(8):3 009-3 036.
[48]Chen W,Lea C T,Li K.Dynamic resource allocation in ad-hoc mobile cloud computing[C].IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking,Barcelona,Spain,2017:1-6.
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