北部湾海域微型、微微型浮游植物类群季节变化及其与棕囊藻赤潮的关系初探
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摘要
近年来,北部湾海域连年暴发球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystisglobosa)赤潮,对近海生态环境构成了潜在威胁。为了解北部湾海域球形棕囊藻赤潮生消过程及其与其他浮游植物类群的关系,自2016年9月至2017年8月期间,在北部湾海域开展了9个航次的调查,并应用流式细胞仪分析了微型真核藻类、微微型真核藻类、原绿球藻(Prochlorococcus spp.)和聚球藻(Synechococcus spp.)等4类浮游植物类群的变化情况。结果表明,北部湾海域各浮游植物类群主要分布在调查区北部钦州湾外侧海域和雷州半岛西侧近岸海域,其丰度有明显的季节变化。微微型真核藻类在春、秋两季丰度较高,而冬、夏季较低。微型真核藻类、聚球藻和原绿球藻的丰度均呈现夏季高、冬季低的特点,其中聚球藻丰度的季节变化最为显著,与水温变化密切相关。结合对球形棕囊藻赤潮生消过程以及调查海域水文条件的分析可以看出,北部湾海域球形棕囊藻赤潮发生过程中,海水温度下降至20°C左右,并且聚球藻和原绿球藻丰度具有明显变化,有望作为棕囊藻赤潮的预警指标,为该海域棕囊藻赤潮的预测和防控提供依据。
The occurrence of red tides formed by Phaeocystis globosa in the Beibu Gulf posed significant threats to the marine environment and ecosystems. To understand the relationship between Phaeocystis globosa red tides and phytoplankton assemblages, nine cruises were conducted in this area from September 2016 to August 2017. Distribution and dynamics of four representative phytoplankton assemblages, including picoeukaryotes, nanoeukaryotes,Synechococcus, and Prochlorococcus, were studied with flow cytometry. It is found that the phytoplankton assemblages distributed mainly in the sea areas around Qinzhou Bay, and the western side of the Leizhou Peninsula. Seasonal variations of the phytoplankton assemblages were obvious. The abundance of picoeukaryote was higher in spring and autumn but relatively lower in summer and winter. The other three assemblages had higher abundance in summer and lower abundance in winter. The seasonal variation of Synechococcus abundance was similar in the variation pattern of seawater temperature.The abundance of Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus changed remarkably before and after the red tides of Phaeocystis globosa, which is due probably to their different adaptive strategies to temperature. It is suggested that temperature below 20°C and a rapid decrease of either Synechococcus or Prochlorococcus are indicators to Phaeocystis blooming, for which monitoring and early-warning of Phaeocystis red tides can be motivated.
The occurrence of red tides formed by Phaeocystis globosa in the Beibu Gulf posed significant threats to the marine environment and ecosystems. To understand the relationship between Phaeocystis globosa red tides and phytoplankton assemblages, nine cruises were conducted in this area from September 2016 to August 2017. Distribution and dynamics of four representative phytoplankton assemblages, including picoeukaryotes, nanoeukaryotes,Synechococcus, and Prochlorococcus, were studied with flow cytometry. It is found that the phytoplankton assemblages distributed mainly in the sea areas around Qinzhou Bay, and the western side of the Leizhou Peninsula. Seasonal variations of the phytoplankton assemblages were obvious. The abundance of picoeukaryote was higher in spring and autumn but relatively lower in summer and winter. The other three assemblages had higher abundance in summer and lower abundance in winter. The seasonal variation of Synechococcus abundance was similar in the variation pattern of seawater temperature.The abundance of Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus changed remarkably before and after the red tides of Phaeocystis globosa, which is due probably to their different adaptive strategies to temperature. It is suggested that temperature below 20°C and a rapid decrease of either Synechococcus or Prochlorococcus are indicators to Phaeocystis blooming, for which monitoring and early-warning of Phaeocystis red tides can be motivated.
引文
于仁成,刘东艳,2016.我国近海藻华灾害现状、演变趋势与应对策略.中国科学院院刊,31(10):1167-1174
于仁成,张清春,孔凡洲等,2017.长江口及其邻近海域有害藻华的发生情况、危害效应与演变趋势.海洋与湖沼,48(6):1178-1186
白晓歌,2010.泛三大洋微微型浮游生物的分布及其与环境因子的相关性.青岛:中国海洋大学博士学位论文
冯宪栋,蒋霞敏,符方尧,2007.理化因子对原绿球藻生长及其色素含量的影响.水产科学,26(12):643-647
庄军莲,许铭本,张荣灿等,2010.广西防城港湾浮游植物数量周年变化特征.广西科学,17(4):387-390,395
刘子琳,蔡昱明,宁修仁,1998.象山港中、西部秋季浮游植物粒径分级、叶绿素a和初级生产力.东海海洋,16(3):19-25
刘凤树,于天常,1980.北部湾环流的初步探讨.海洋湖沼通报,(1):9-14
刘国强,史海燕,魏春雷等,2008.广西涠洲岛海域浮游植物和赤潮生物种类组成的初步研究.海洋通报,27(3):43-48
闭文妮,唐艳葵,洪鸣等,2014.钦州湾无机氮入海通量及其富营养化症状分析.环境科学与技术,37(1):174-178
杨士瑛,陈波,李培良,2006.用温盐资料研究夏季南海水通过琼州海峡进入北部湾的特征.海洋湖沼通报,(1):1-7
杨士瑛,鲍献文,陈长胜等,2003.夏季粤西沿岸流特征及其产生机制.海洋学报,25(6):1-8
陈达森,陈波,严金辉等,2006.琼州海峡余流场季节性变化特征.海洋湖沼通报,(2):12-17
陈菊芳,徐宁,江天久等,1999.中国赤潮新记录种-球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa).暨南大学学报(自然科学版),20(3):124-129
侍茂崇,2014.北部湾环流研究述评.广西科学,21(4):313-324
郑白雯,2014.北部湾北部浮游生物生态学研究.厦门:厦门大学硕士学位论文
屈佩,张学雷,王宗灵等,2010.南黄海夏季微微型浮游植物丰度的分布.海洋学报,32(4):155-167
钟瑜,黄良民,2008.海洋微型和微微型浮游生物的区域分布与影响因素.生态科学,27(3):179-185
姜发军,陈波,何碧娟等,2012.广西钦州湾浮游植物群落结构特征.广西科学,19(3):268-275
姜发军,赖俊翔,庄军莲等,2013.2010年秋季北部湾广西沿岸表层浮游植物分布特征.海洋环境科学,32(3):414-418,423
贺成,宋书群,李才文,2019.广西北部湾海域球形棕囊藻囊体时空分布及其影响因素.海洋与湖沼,50(3):630-643
徐姗楠,林华剑,戴明等,2014.广西近岸海域浮游植物群落的生态特征.生态学杂志,33(10):2733-2739
高劲松,陈波,侍茂崇,2015.北部湾夏季环流结构及生成机制.中国科学:地球科学,45(1):99-112
蓝文陆,王晓辉,黎明民,2011.应用光合色素研究广西钦州湾丰水期浮游植物群落结构.生态学报,31(13):3601-3608
赖俊翔,柯珂,姜发军等,2013.广西钦州湾及邻近海域营养盐特征与富营养化评价.海洋环境科学,32(6):860-866
Agawin N S R,Duarte C M,AgustíS,2000.Nutrient and temperature control of the contribution of picoplankton to phytoplankton biomass and production.Limnology and Oceanography,45(8):1891
Baumann M E M,Brandini F P,Staubes R,1994a.The influence of light and temperature on carbon-specific DMS release by cultures of Phaeocystis antarctica and three Antarctic diatoms.Marine Chemistry,45(1-2):123-129
Baumann M E M,Lancelot C,Brandini F P et al,1994b.The taxonomic identity of the cosmopolitan prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis:a morphological and ecophysiological approach.Journal of Marine Systems,5(1):5-22
Borkman D G,Libby P S,Mickelson M J et al,2016.Variability of winter-spring bloom Phaeocystis pouchetii abundance in Massachusetts Bay.Estuaries and Coasts,39(4):1084-1099
Buck K R,Chavez F P,Campbell L,1996.Basin-wide distributions of living carbon components and the inverted trophic pyramid of the central gyre of the North Atlantic Ocean,summer 1993.Aquatic Microbial Ecology,10(3):283-298
Campbell L,Liu H B,Nolla H A et al,1997.Annual variability of phytoplankton and bacteria in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean at Station ALOHA during the 1991-1994ENSO event.Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers,44(2):167-192
Campbell L,Nolla H A,Vaulot D,1994.The importance of Prochlorococcus to community structure in the central North Pacific Ocean.Limnology and Oceanography,39(4):954-961
Chang J,Chung C C,Gong G C,1996.Influences of cyclones on chlorophyll a concentration and Synechococcus abundance in a subtropical western Pacific coastal ecosystem.Marine Ecology Progress Series,140:199-205
Chen Y Q,Wang N,Zhang P et al,2002.Molecular evidence identifies bloom-forming Phaeocystis(Prymnesiophyta)from coastal waters of southeast China as Phaeocystis globosa.Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,30(1):15-22
DiTullio G R,Grebmeier J M,Arrigo K R et al,2000.Rapid and early export of Phaeocystis antarctica blooms in the Ross Sea,Antarctica.Nature,404(6778):595-598
Flombaum P,Gallegos J L,Gordillo R A et al,2013.Present and future global distributions of the marine Cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,110(24):9824-9829
Guo C,Liu H,Zheng L et al,2014.Seasonal and spatial patterns of picophytoplankton growth,grazing and distribution in the East China Sea.Biogeosciences,11(7):1847-1862
Jochem F,1988.On the distribution and importance of picocyanobacteria in a boreal inshore area(Kiel Bight,Western Baltic).Journal of Plankton Research,10(5):1009-1022
Keller M D,Bellows W K,Guillard R R L,1989,Dimethyl sulfide production in marine phytoplankton.ACSSymposium Series,393:167-182
Lancelot C,Billen G,Sournia A et al,1987.Phaeocystis blooms and nutrient enrichment in the continental coastal zones of the North Sea.Ambio,16(1):38-46
Le F F,Ning X R,Liu C G et al,2010.Community structure of picoplankton abundance and biomass in the southern Huanghai Sea during the spring and autumn of 2006.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,29(1):58-68
Liu J S,Van Rijssel M,Yang W D et al,2010.Negative effects of Phaeocystis globosa on microalgae.Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,28(4):911-916
Moore L R,Goericke R,Chisholm S W,1995.Comparative physiology of Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus:influence of light and temperature on growth,pigments,fluorescence and absorptive properties.Marine Ecology Progress Series,116(1-3):259-275
Pan L A,Zhang J,Zhang L H,2007.Picophytoplankton,nanophytoplankton,heterotrohpic bacteria and viruses in the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent coastal waters.Journal of Plankton Research,29(2):187-197
Peperzak L,Colijn F,Vrieling E G et al,2000.Observations of flagellates in colonies of Phaeocystis globosa(Prymnesiophyceae);a hypothesis for their position in the life cycle.Journal of Plankton Research,22(12):2181-2203
Rousseau V,Vaulot D,Casotti R et al,1994.The Life cycle of Phaeocystis(Prymnesiophycaea):evidence and hypotheses.Journal of Marine Systems,5(1):23-39
Sanderson M P,Bronk D A,Nejstgaard J C et al,2008.Phytoplankton and bacterial uptake of inorganic and organic nitrogen during an induced bloom of Phaeocystis pouchetii.Aquatic Microbial Ecology,51(2):153-168
Schoemann V,Becquevort S,Stefels J et al,2005.Phaeocystis blooms in the global ocean and their controlling mechanisms:a review.Journal of Sea Research,53(1-2):43-66
Seymour J R,Seuront L,Doubell M J et al,2008.Mesoscale and microscale spatial variability of bacteria and viruses during a Phaeocystis globosa bloom in the Eastern English Channel.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,80(4):589-597
Shi M C,Chen C S,Xu Q C et al,2002.The role of Qiongzhou Strait in the seasonal variation of the South China Sea circulation.Journal of Physical Oceanography,32(1):103-121
Sieburth J M,Smetacek V,Lenz J,1978.Pelagic ecosystem structure:heterotrophic compartments of the plankton and their relationship to plankton size fractions.Limnology and Oceanography,23(6):1256-1263
Smith W O Jr,Codispoti L A,Nelson D M et al,1991.Importance of Phaeocystis blooms in the high-latitude ocean carbon cycle.Nature,352(6335):514-516
Wang H L,Huang B Q,Hong H S,1997.Size-fractionated productivity and nutrient dynamics of phytoplankton in subtropical coastal environments.Hydrobiologia,352(1-3):97-106
Wang X D,Tang K W,Wang Y et al,2010.Temperature effects on growth,colony development and carbon partitioning in three Phaeocystis species.Aquatic Biology,9(3):239-249
于仁成,张清春,孔凡洲等,2017.长江口及其邻近海域有害藻华的发生情况、危害效应与演变趋势.海洋与湖沼,48(6):1178-1186
白晓歌,2010.泛三大洋微微型浮游生物的分布及其与环境因子的相关性.青岛:中国海洋大学博士学位论文
冯宪栋,蒋霞敏,符方尧,2007.理化因子对原绿球藻生长及其色素含量的影响.水产科学,26(12):643-647
庄军莲,许铭本,张荣灿等,2010.广西防城港湾浮游植物数量周年变化特征.广西科学,17(4):387-390,395
刘子琳,蔡昱明,宁修仁,1998.象山港中、西部秋季浮游植物粒径分级、叶绿素a和初级生产力.东海海洋,16(3):19-25
刘凤树,于天常,1980.北部湾环流的初步探讨.海洋湖沼通报,(1):9-14
刘国强,史海燕,魏春雷等,2008.广西涠洲岛海域浮游植物和赤潮生物种类组成的初步研究.海洋通报,27(3):43-48
闭文妮,唐艳葵,洪鸣等,2014.钦州湾无机氮入海通量及其富营养化症状分析.环境科学与技术,37(1):174-178
杨士瑛,陈波,李培良,2006.用温盐资料研究夏季南海水通过琼州海峡进入北部湾的特征.海洋湖沼通报,(1):1-7
杨士瑛,鲍献文,陈长胜等,2003.夏季粤西沿岸流特征及其产生机制.海洋学报,25(6):1-8
陈达森,陈波,严金辉等,2006.琼州海峡余流场季节性变化特征.海洋湖沼通报,(2):12-17
陈菊芳,徐宁,江天久等,1999.中国赤潮新记录种-球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa).暨南大学学报(自然科学版),20(3):124-129
侍茂崇,2014.北部湾环流研究述评.广西科学,21(4):313-324
郑白雯,2014.北部湾北部浮游生物生态学研究.厦门:厦门大学硕士学位论文
屈佩,张学雷,王宗灵等,2010.南黄海夏季微微型浮游植物丰度的分布.海洋学报,32(4):155-167
钟瑜,黄良民,2008.海洋微型和微微型浮游生物的区域分布与影响因素.生态科学,27(3):179-185
姜发军,陈波,何碧娟等,2012.广西钦州湾浮游植物群落结构特征.广西科学,19(3):268-275
姜发军,赖俊翔,庄军莲等,2013.2010年秋季北部湾广西沿岸表层浮游植物分布特征.海洋环境科学,32(3):414-418,423
贺成,宋书群,李才文,2019.广西北部湾海域球形棕囊藻囊体时空分布及其影响因素.海洋与湖沼,50(3):630-643
徐姗楠,林华剑,戴明等,2014.广西近岸海域浮游植物群落的生态特征.生态学杂志,33(10):2733-2739
高劲松,陈波,侍茂崇,2015.北部湾夏季环流结构及生成机制.中国科学:地球科学,45(1):99-112
蓝文陆,王晓辉,黎明民,2011.应用光合色素研究广西钦州湾丰水期浮游植物群落结构.生态学报,31(13):3601-3608
赖俊翔,柯珂,姜发军等,2013.广西钦州湾及邻近海域营养盐特征与富营养化评价.海洋环境科学,32(6):860-866
Agawin N S R,Duarte C M,AgustíS,2000.Nutrient and temperature control of the contribution of picoplankton to phytoplankton biomass and production.Limnology and Oceanography,45(8):1891
Baumann M E M,Brandini F P,Staubes R,1994a.The influence of light and temperature on carbon-specific DMS release by cultures of Phaeocystis antarctica and three Antarctic diatoms.Marine Chemistry,45(1-2):123-129
Baumann M E M,Lancelot C,Brandini F P et al,1994b.The taxonomic identity of the cosmopolitan prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis:a morphological and ecophysiological approach.Journal of Marine Systems,5(1):5-22
Borkman D G,Libby P S,Mickelson M J et al,2016.Variability of winter-spring bloom Phaeocystis pouchetii abundance in Massachusetts Bay.Estuaries and Coasts,39(4):1084-1099
Buck K R,Chavez F P,Campbell L,1996.Basin-wide distributions of living carbon components and the inverted trophic pyramid of the central gyre of the North Atlantic Ocean,summer 1993.Aquatic Microbial Ecology,10(3):283-298
Campbell L,Liu H B,Nolla H A et al,1997.Annual variability of phytoplankton and bacteria in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean at Station ALOHA during the 1991-1994ENSO event.Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers,44(2):167-192
Campbell L,Nolla H A,Vaulot D,1994.The importance of Prochlorococcus to community structure in the central North Pacific Ocean.Limnology and Oceanography,39(4):954-961
Chang J,Chung C C,Gong G C,1996.Influences of cyclones on chlorophyll a concentration and Synechococcus abundance in a subtropical western Pacific coastal ecosystem.Marine Ecology Progress Series,140:199-205
Chen Y Q,Wang N,Zhang P et al,2002.Molecular evidence identifies bloom-forming Phaeocystis(Prymnesiophyta)from coastal waters of southeast China as Phaeocystis globosa.Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,30(1):15-22
DiTullio G R,Grebmeier J M,Arrigo K R et al,2000.Rapid and early export of Phaeocystis antarctica blooms in the Ross Sea,Antarctica.Nature,404(6778):595-598
Flombaum P,Gallegos J L,Gordillo R A et al,2013.Present and future global distributions of the marine Cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,110(24):9824-9829
Guo C,Liu H,Zheng L et al,2014.Seasonal and spatial patterns of picophytoplankton growth,grazing and distribution in the East China Sea.Biogeosciences,11(7):1847-1862
Jochem F,1988.On the distribution and importance of picocyanobacteria in a boreal inshore area(Kiel Bight,Western Baltic).Journal of Plankton Research,10(5):1009-1022
Keller M D,Bellows W K,Guillard R R L,1989,Dimethyl sulfide production in marine phytoplankton.ACSSymposium Series,393:167-182
Lancelot C,Billen G,Sournia A et al,1987.Phaeocystis blooms and nutrient enrichment in the continental coastal zones of the North Sea.Ambio,16(1):38-46
Le F F,Ning X R,Liu C G et al,2010.Community structure of picoplankton abundance and biomass in the southern Huanghai Sea during the spring and autumn of 2006.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,29(1):58-68
Liu J S,Van Rijssel M,Yang W D et al,2010.Negative effects of Phaeocystis globosa on microalgae.Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,28(4):911-916
Moore L R,Goericke R,Chisholm S W,1995.Comparative physiology of Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus:influence of light and temperature on growth,pigments,fluorescence and absorptive properties.Marine Ecology Progress Series,116(1-3):259-275
Pan L A,Zhang J,Zhang L H,2007.Picophytoplankton,nanophytoplankton,heterotrohpic bacteria and viruses in the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent coastal waters.Journal of Plankton Research,29(2):187-197
Peperzak L,Colijn F,Vrieling E G et al,2000.Observations of flagellates in colonies of Phaeocystis globosa(Prymnesiophyceae);a hypothesis for their position in the life cycle.Journal of Plankton Research,22(12):2181-2203
Rousseau V,Vaulot D,Casotti R et al,1994.The Life cycle of Phaeocystis(Prymnesiophycaea):evidence and hypotheses.Journal of Marine Systems,5(1):23-39
Sanderson M P,Bronk D A,Nejstgaard J C et al,2008.Phytoplankton and bacterial uptake of inorganic and organic nitrogen during an induced bloom of Phaeocystis pouchetii.Aquatic Microbial Ecology,51(2):153-168
Schoemann V,Becquevort S,Stefels J et al,2005.Phaeocystis blooms in the global ocean and their controlling mechanisms:a review.Journal of Sea Research,53(1-2):43-66
Seymour J R,Seuront L,Doubell M J et al,2008.Mesoscale and microscale spatial variability of bacteria and viruses during a Phaeocystis globosa bloom in the Eastern English Channel.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,80(4):589-597
Shi M C,Chen C S,Xu Q C et al,2002.The role of Qiongzhou Strait in the seasonal variation of the South China Sea circulation.Journal of Physical Oceanography,32(1):103-121
Sieburth J M,Smetacek V,Lenz J,1978.Pelagic ecosystem structure:heterotrophic compartments of the plankton and their relationship to plankton size fractions.Limnology and Oceanography,23(6):1256-1263
Smith W O Jr,Codispoti L A,Nelson D M et al,1991.Importance of Phaeocystis blooms in the high-latitude ocean carbon cycle.Nature,352(6335):514-516
Wang H L,Huang B Q,Hong H S,1997.Size-fractionated productivity and nutrient dynamics of phytoplankton in subtropical coastal environments.Hydrobiologia,352(1-3):97-106
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