北部湾典型海域关键环境因子的时空分布与影响因素
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摘要
为研究北部湾典型海域关键环境因子的时空分布及其影响因素, 2016年9月至2017年8月对该海域29个站位进行了多学科月度综合调查,分析了该海域主要理化因子的时空分布特征,探讨了水文及生物因素对关键环境因子分布的影响。结果表明:硝氮(NO_3~--N)、活性磷酸盐(SRP)的时空分布具有一致性,高值区主要出现在近岸钦州湾海域,海峡口临近海域及30m等深线以深海域,各月份总有机碳(TOC)、溶解有机碳(DOC)的表底浓度无明显差异(P<0.05),高温季节溶解氧(DO)、pH的低值区主要位于30m等深线以深的底层海域。DO、pH、NO_3~--N、SRP、溶解硅酸盐(DSi)为影响该海域浮游植物生长的关键理化因子。近岸10m等深线以浅的区域I中, NO_3~--N浓度主要受地表径流带来的陆源污染影响,区域II中NO_3~--N、SRP在秋季受到南海水向北入侵影响,春、冬季受来自琼州海峡的混合水影响, 30m等深线以深的区域III中, NO_3~--N、SRP全年受到南海高盐水的影响。在球形棕囊藻囊体丰度较高的2017年2月至3月,有囊体站位表层的NO_3~--N/SRP显著低于底层(P<0.01),无囊体站位表底层的NO_3~--N/SRP之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),棕囊藻赤潮的生消可能是导致春季NO_3~--N、SRP表底分布出现差异的主要原因。
A field monthly investigation was conducted in the Beibu Gulf, Guangxi, South China during Sep. 2016 to August 2017 to understand the distributions of different environmental factors, and to analyze various situations affecting the temporal and spatial changes of these environmental factors. We sampled the water in 29 stations, and described the NO_3~--N, SRP(soluble reactive phosphorus), DSi(dissolved silicate),pH, dissolved oxygen(DO), etc. Moreover, the influence of hydrological and biological situation on the distribution was further analyzed. Results show that the spatial distribution and temporal changes ofNO_3~--N was similar to that of SRP and peaked in 3 areas: Qinzhou and Beihai coast, the adjacent waters to the western mouth of Qiongzhou Strait, and the deep water area over 30 m isobath. The TOC(total organic carbon) and DOC(dissolved organic carbon) concentrations were largely stable at all water depth in every station during the investigation(P<0.05). In the summer, DO and pH were low in NO_3~--N, SRP, and DSi were recognized as the main NO_3~--N concentration was mainly influenced by territorial discharge. In Zone II representing the area from 10 to 30 m isobath, the NO_3~--N and SRP were influenced by mixing water derived from the Qiongzhou Strait current in spring,and by invasive water from South China Sea in autumn. In Zone III that was defined as the area over 30 m isobath, the NO_3~--N and SRP were influenced by invasive water from the South China Sea in the whole year. In NO_3~--N/SRP ratio at surface was much smaller than that at bottom(P<0.01) in the stations where colonies of P. globosa distributed. However,NO_3~--N/SRP ratio between the surface and bottom in the stations having no P.globosa colonies(P>0.05). Therefore, the outbreak of P. globosa bloom in spring could be the main reason for the NO_3~--N/SRP ratio between the surface and bottom.
A field monthly investigation was conducted in the Beibu Gulf, Guangxi, South China during Sep. 2016 to August 2017 to understand the distributions of different environmental factors, and to analyze various situations affecting the temporal and spatial changes of these environmental factors. We sampled the water in 29 stations, and described the NO_3~--N, SRP(soluble reactive phosphorus), DSi(dissolved silicate),pH, dissolved oxygen(DO), etc. Moreover, the influence of hydrological and biological situation on the distribution was further analyzed. Results show that the spatial distribution and temporal changes ofNO_3~--N was similar to that of SRP and peaked in 3 areas: Qinzhou and Beihai coast, the adjacent waters to the western mouth of Qiongzhou Strait, and the deep water area over 30 m isobath. The TOC(total organic carbon) and DOC(dissolved organic carbon) concentrations were largely stable at all water depth in every station during the investigation(P<0.05). In the summer, DO and pH were low in NO_3~--N, SRP, and DSi were recognized as the main NO_3~--N concentration was mainly influenced by territorial discharge. In Zone II representing the area from 10 to 30 m isobath, the NO_3~--N and SRP were influenced by mixing water derived from the Qiongzhou Strait current in spring,and by invasive water from South China Sea in autumn. In Zone III that was defined as the area over 30 m isobath, the NO_3~--N and SRP were influenced by invasive water from the South China Sea in the whole year. In NO_3~--N/SRP ratio at surface was much smaller than that at bottom(P<0.01) in the stations where colonies of P. globosa distributed. However,NO_3~--N/SRP ratio between the surface and bottom in the stations having no P.globosa colonies(P>0.05). Therefore, the outbreak of P. globosa bloom in spring could be the main reason for the NO_3~--N/SRP ratio between the surface and bottom.
引文
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王艳,齐雨藻,李韶山,2007.球形棕囊藻生长的营养需求研究.水生生物学报,31(1):24-29
苏志,余纬东,黄理等,2009.北部湾海岸带的地理环境及其对气候的影响.气象研究与应用,30(3):44-47
苏纪兰,2005.中国近海水文.北京:海洋出版社
李斌,谭趣孜,李蕾鲜等,2018.2014年北部湾主要河流污染状况及污染物入海通量.广西科学,25(02):172-180
陈振华,2013.北部湾环流季节变化的数值模拟与动力机制分析.青岛:中国海洋大学博士学位论文,92
周毅频,李绪录,张军晓等,2012.大鹏湾中溶解态总氮和总磷的多年调查结果分析.生态环境学报,21(4):706-710
郑丙辉,曹承进,秦延文等,2008.三峡水库主要入库河流氮营养盐特征及其来源分析.环境科学,29(1):1-6
赵昌,吕新刚,乔方利,2010.北部湾潮波数值研究.海洋学报,32(4):1-11
贺成,宋书群,李才文,2019.广西北部湾海域球形棕囊藻囊体时空分布及其影响因素.海洋与湖沼,50(3).
徐明德,韦鹤平,李敏等,2006.长江口泥沙与沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附和解吸研究.太原理工大学学报,37(1):48-50,54
徐振华,雷方辉,娄安刚等,2010.北部湾潮汐潮流的数值模拟.海洋科学,34(2):10-14
曹西华,俞志明,邱丽霞,2017.改性黏土法消除球形棕囊藻赤潮的现场实验与效果评估.海洋与湖沼,48(4):753-759
Arrigo K R,Dunbar R B,Lizotte M P et al,2002.Taxon‐specific differences in C/P and N/P drawdown for phytoplankton in the Ross Sea,Antarctica.Geophysical Research Letters,29(19):1938
Baird M E,Middleton J H,2004.On relating physical limits to the carbon:nitrogen ratio of unicellular algae and benthic plants.Journal of Marine Systems,49(1-4):169-175
Baudoux A C,Brussaard C P D,2005.Characterization of different viruses infecting the marine harmful algal bloom species Phaeocystis globosa.Virology,341(1):80-90
Baumann M E M,Lancelot C,Brandini F P et al,1994.The taxonomic identity of the cosmopolitan prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis:a morphological and ecophysiological approach.Journal of Marine Systems,5(1):5-22
Chen S W,Gao K S,2011.Solar ultraviolet radiation and CO2-induced ocean acidification interacts to influence the photosynthetic performance of the red tide alga Phaeocystis globosa(Prymnesiophyceae).Hydrobiologia,675(1):105-117
Chen Y Q,Wang N,Zhang P et al,2002.Molecular evidence identifies bloom-forming Phaeocystis(Prymnesiophyta)from coastal waters of southeast China as Phaeocystis globosa.Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,30(1):15-22
Flynn K J,2002.How critical is the critical N:P ratio?Journal of Phycology,38(5):961-970
Hai D N,Lam N N,Dippner J W,2010.Development of Phaeocystis globosa blooms in the upwelling waters of the South Central coast of Viet Nam.Journal of Marine Systems,83(3-4):253-261
Hamm C E,Simson D A,Merkel R et al,1999.Colonies of Phaeocystis globosa are protected by a thin but tough skin.Marine Ecology Progress Series,187:101-111
Hodgkiss I J,Ho K C,1997.Are changes in N:P ratios in coastal waters the key to increased red tide blooms?Hydrobiologia,352(1-3):141-147
Larson A,Kirk M M,Kirk D L,1992.Molecular phylogeny of the volvocine flagellates.Molecular Biology and Evolution,9(1):85-105
Liu Z H,Yu J H,Zhang D,2011.Study on low-carbon building ecological city construction in harmonious Beibu Gulf culture.Procedia Environmental Sciences,10:1881-1886
Madhupratap M,Sawant S,Gauns M,2000.A first report on a bloom of the marine prymnesiophycean,Phaeocystis globosa from the Arabian Sea.Oceanologica Acta,23(1):83-90
Meng F P,Wang Z F,Cheng F L et al,2013.The assessment of environmental pollution along the coast of Beibu Gulf,northern South China Sea:An integrated biomarker approach in the clam Meretrix meretrix.Marine environmental research,85:64-75
Peperzak L,Colijn F,Koeman R et al,2003.Phytoplankton sinking rates in the Rhine region of freshwater influence.Journal of Plankton Research,25(4):365-383
Qi Y Z,Chen J F,Wang Z H et al,2004.Some observations on harmful algal bloom(HAB)events along the coast of Guangdong,southern China in 1998.Hydrobiologia,512(1-3):209-214
Redfield A C,Ketchum B H,Richards F A,1963.The influence of organisms on the chemical composition of seawater.In:Hill M N ed.The Sea.New York:Wiley Interscience,26-79
Riegman R,Van Boekel W,1996.The ecophysiology of Phaeocystis globosa:a review.Journal of Sea Research,35(4):235-242
Rousseau V,Chrétiennot-Dinet M J,Jacobsen A et al,2007.The life cycle of Phaeocystis:state of knowledge and presumptive role in ecology.Biogeochemistry,83(1-3):29-47
Skreslet S,1988.Buoyancy in Phaeocystis pouchetii(Hariot)Lagerheim.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,119(2):157-166
Smith W O Jr,Liu X,Tang K W et al,2014.Giantism and its role in the harmful algal bloom species Phaeocystis globosa.Deep Sea Research Part II:Topical Studies in Oceanography,101:95-106
Tan S,Hu X L,Yin P H et al,2016.Photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative stress to the toxic Phaeocystis globosa caused by a diketopiperazine isolated from products of algicidal bacterium metabolism.Journal of Microbiology,54(5):364-375
Tang D L,Kawamura H,Doan-Nhu H et al,2004.Remote sensing oceanography of a harmful algal bloom off the coast of southeastern Vietnam.Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,109(C3):C03014
王艳,齐雨藻,李韶山,2007.球形棕囊藻生长的营养需求研究.水生生物学报,31(1):24-29
苏志,余纬东,黄理等,2009.北部湾海岸带的地理环境及其对气候的影响.气象研究与应用,30(3):44-47
苏纪兰,2005.中国近海水文.北京:海洋出版社
李斌,谭趣孜,李蕾鲜等,2018.2014年北部湾主要河流污染状况及污染物入海通量.广西科学,25(02):172-180
陈振华,2013.北部湾环流季节变化的数值模拟与动力机制分析.青岛:中国海洋大学博士学位论文,92
周毅频,李绪录,张军晓等,2012.大鹏湾中溶解态总氮和总磷的多年调查结果分析.生态环境学报,21(4):706-710
郑丙辉,曹承进,秦延文等,2008.三峡水库主要入库河流氮营养盐特征及其来源分析.环境科学,29(1):1-6
赵昌,吕新刚,乔方利,2010.北部湾潮波数值研究.海洋学报,32(4):1-11
贺成,宋书群,李才文,2019.广西北部湾海域球形棕囊藻囊体时空分布及其影响因素.海洋与湖沼,50(3).
徐明德,韦鹤平,李敏等,2006.长江口泥沙与沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附和解吸研究.太原理工大学学报,37(1):48-50,54
徐振华,雷方辉,娄安刚等,2010.北部湾潮汐潮流的数值模拟.海洋科学,34(2):10-14
曹西华,俞志明,邱丽霞,2017.改性黏土法消除球形棕囊藻赤潮的现场实验与效果评估.海洋与湖沼,48(4):753-759
Arrigo K R,Dunbar R B,Lizotte M P et al,2002.Taxon‐specific differences in C/P and N/P drawdown for phytoplankton in the Ross Sea,Antarctica.Geophysical Research Letters,29(19):1938
Baird M E,Middleton J H,2004.On relating physical limits to the carbon:nitrogen ratio of unicellular algae and benthic plants.Journal of Marine Systems,49(1-4):169-175
Baudoux A C,Brussaard C P D,2005.Characterization of different viruses infecting the marine harmful algal bloom species Phaeocystis globosa.Virology,341(1):80-90
Baumann M E M,Lancelot C,Brandini F P et al,1994.The taxonomic identity of the cosmopolitan prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis:a morphological and ecophysiological approach.Journal of Marine Systems,5(1):5-22
Chen S W,Gao K S,2011.Solar ultraviolet radiation and CO2-induced ocean acidification interacts to influence the photosynthetic performance of the red tide alga Phaeocystis globosa(Prymnesiophyceae).Hydrobiologia,675(1):105-117
Chen Y Q,Wang N,Zhang P et al,2002.Molecular evidence identifies bloom-forming Phaeocystis(Prymnesiophyta)from coastal waters of southeast China as Phaeocystis globosa.Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,30(1):15-22
Flynn K J,2002.How critical is the critical N:P ratio?Journal of Phycology,38(5):961-970
Hai D N,Lam N N,Dippner J W,2010.Development of Phaeocystis globosa blooms in the upwelling waters of the South Central coast of Viet Nam.Journal of Marine Systems,83(3-4):253-261
Hamm C E,Simson D A,Merkel R et al,1999.Colonies of Phaeocystis globosa are protected by a thin but tough skin.Marine Ecology Progress Series,187:101-111
Hodgkiss I J,Ho K C,1997.Are changes in N:P ratios in coastal waters the key to increased red tide blooms?Hydrobiologia,352(1-3):141-147
Larson A,Kirk M M,Kirk D L,1992.Molecular phylogeny of the volvocine flagellates.Molecular Biology and Evolution,9(1):85-105
Liu Z H,Yu J H,Zhang D,2011.Study on low-carbon building ecological city construction in harmonious Beibu Gulf culture.Procedia Environmental Sciences,10:1881-1886
Madhupratap M,Sawant S,Gauns M,2000.A first report on a bloom of the marine prymnesiophycean,Phaeocystis globosa from the Arabian Sea.Oceanologica Acta,23(1):83-90
Meng F P,Wang Z F,Cheng F L et al,2013.The assessment of environmental pollution along the coast of Beibu Gulf,northern South China Sea:An integrated biomarker approach in the clam Meretrix meretrix.Marine environmental research,85:64-75
Peperzak L,Colijn F,Koeman R et al,2003.Phytoplankton sinking rates in the Rhine region of freshwater influence.Journal of Plankton Research,25(4):365-383
Qi Y Z,Chen J F,Wang Z H et al,2004.Some observations on harmful algal bloom(HAB)events along the coast of Guangdong,southern China in 1998.Hydrobiologia,512(1-3):209-214
Redfield A C,Ketchum B H,Richards F A,1963.The influence of organisms on the chemical composition of seawater.In:Hill M N ed.The Sea.New York:Wiley Interscience,26-79
Riegman R,Van Boekel W,1996.The ecophysiology of Phaeocystis globosa:a review.Journal of Sea Research,35(4):235-242
Rousseau V,Chrétiennot-Dinet M J,Jacobsen A et al,2007.The life cycle of Phaeocystis:state of knowledge and presumptive role in ecology.Biogeochemistry,83(1-3):29-47
Skreslet S,1988.Buoyancy in Phaeocystis pouchetii(Hariot)Lagerheim.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,119(2):157-166
Smith W O Jr,Liu X,Tang K W et al,2014.Giantism and its role in the harmful algal bloom species Phaeocystis globosa.Deep Sea Research Part II:Topical Studies in Oceanography,101:95-106
Tan S,Hu X L,Yin P H et al,2016.Photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative stress to the toxic Phaeocystis globosa caused by a diketopiperazine isolated from products of algicidal bacterium metabolism.Journal of Microbiology,54(5):364-375
Tang D L,Kawamura H,Doan-Nhu H et al,2004.Remote sensing oceanography of a harmful algal bloom off the coast of southeastern Vietnam.Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,109(C3):C03014
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