基于混凝土损伤和断裂力学的重力坝体型优化设计研究
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摘要
重力坝体型优化设计一直以来都是一个重要的研究课题.在常规优化设计考虑应力和稳定性约束条件的基础上,采用有限元软件ANSYS的一阶优化法,将混凝土指数函数损伤理论与断裂力学运用到坝体优化中,将坝踵区损伤控制在峰值损伤之内,限制坝体损伤的进一步发展;重力坝在运行过程中不可避免的会产生裂缝,尤其是在坝踵附近,考虑裂缝的产生并采用K判据分析裂缝的稳定性.将该方法应用于某重力坝的体型优化设计中,得到的考虑损伤后的优化设计结果虽比常规优化设计断面面积稍有增大,但可以控制损伤的进一步发展,所以更加安全.在加入损伤约束的基础上进一步考虑裂缝的产生,得出了即便在产生裂缝的情况下,坝体也能安全工作的剖面形态,且在优化过程中可以节省材料.此方法可为今后的重力坝设计提供一定的理论基础.
The shape optimization design of gravity dams has always been an important research topic.On the basis of considering stress and stability constraints in conventional optimization design,the first-order optimization method of finite element software ANSYS was used,and the damage theory of exponential function of concrete and fracture mechanics was applied to dam.Damage in dam heel area was controlled within peak damage,limiting the further development of dam damage.Cracks will inevitably occur in the course of running,especially in the vicinity of dam heel.Considering the occurrence of cracks,K criterion was used to analyze the stability of cracks.Applying this method to the shape optimization design of a gravity dam,the result of the optimization design considering damage is slightly larger than that of the conventional optimization design,but it can control the further development of damage,so it is safer.On the basis of adding damage constraints,the generation of cracks is further considered.It is concluded that the dam can work safely even in the case of craclcs,and material can be saved in the optimization process.This method can provide a theoretical basis for future gravity dam.
The shape optimization design of gravity dams has always been an important research topic.On the basis of considering stress and stability constraints in conventional optimization design,the first-order optimization method of finite element software ANSYS was used,and the damage theory of exponential function of concrete and fracture mechanics was applied to dam.Damage in dam heel area was controlled within peak damage,limiting the further development of dam damage.Cracks will inevitably occur in the course of running,especially in the vicinity of dam heel.Considering the occurrence of cracks,K criterion was used to analyze the stability of cracks.Applying this method to the shape optimization design of a gravity dam,the result of the optimization design considering damage is slightly larger than that of the conventional optimization design,but it can control the further development of damage,so it is safer.On the basis of adding damage constraints,the generation of cracks is further considered.It is concluded that the dam can work safely even in the case of craclcs,and material can be saved in the optimization process.This method can provide a theoretical basis for future gravity dam.
引文
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[19]张林,徐进,陈新,等.碾压混凝土断裂实验研究[J].水利学报,2001,32(5):45-49.ZHANG L,XU J,CHEN X,et al.Experimental study on RCC fracture[J].Journal of water conservancy,2001,32(5):45-49.
[20]章洪,付文容.混凝土断裂韧性KIC的尺寸效应[J].水利水电工程设计,1997,16(1):11-15.ZHAN H,FU W R.J.Size effect of fracture toughness KICof concrete[J].Water conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Design,1997,16(1):11-15.
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[2]李芬花.水工建筑物[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2017:17-18.LI F H.Hydraulic structure[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2017:17-18.
[3]梅强,李春雷,张丹.基于VB.net的重力坝断面设计程序开发与研究[J].山西建筑,2017,43(1):257-258.MEI Q,LI C L,ZHANG D.Development and research of gravity dam section design program based on VB.net[J].Shanxi Architecture,2017,43(1):257-258.
[4]王栋.基于ANSYS的混凝土坝优化设计[J].中国农村水利水电,2012,10(3):76-80.WANG D.Optimization design of concrete dams based on ANSYS.net[J].Rural water conservancy and hydropower of China,2012,10(3):76-80.
[5]吴克倩.基于ANSYS和遗传算法的重力坝剖面优化设计[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.WU K Q.Optimization design of gravity dam profile based on ANSYS and genetic algorithm[D].Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2017.
[6]祁顺彬.考虑开裂约束的重力坝体型优化设计[D].南京:河海大学,2005.QI S B.Optimal design of gravity dam considering cracking constraint[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2005.
[7]CHAHMI O,GEORGE Z,VOYIADJIS T R.Modeling of damage-healing and nonlinear self-healing concrete behavior:Application to coupled and uncoupled self-healing mechanisms[J].Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics,2018,96:216-230.
[8]KURUMATANI M.An isotropic damage model based on fracture mechanics for concrete[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2016,155:49-66.
[9]ZHENG D,LI X X.Microcrack evolution and stress-strain relationship of saturated concrete[J].Advanced Materials Research,2011,243/249:4462-4465.
[10]FURSA T V,PETROV M V,DANN D D,et al.Developing an integrated technique to evaluate crack formation in reinforced concrete under uniaxial compression[J].Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing,2017,53(6):457-463.
[11]王玉琳,王向东,韩金启,等.基于损伤理论的混凝土Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂缝扩展角[J].河南科技大学学报,2015,36(6):51-54.WANG Y L,WANG X D,HANG J Q,et al.Concrete type I-II composite crack propagation angle based on damage theory[J].Journal of Henan University of Science andTechnology,2015,36(6):51-54.
[12]徐忠义,武清玺,武运磊.混凝土损伤对重力坝可靠度的影响[J].水利水电工程,2014,36(5):96-98.XU Z Y,WU Q X,WU Y L.Influence of concrete damage on reliability of gravity dams[J].Water conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,2014,36(5):96-98.
[13]杨露,沈新普.大体积混凝土结构的损伤理论与应用[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2016:11-12.YANG L,SHEN X P.Damage theory and application of mass concrete structure[M].Shenyang:Liaoning Science and Technology Press,2016:11-12.
[14]余天庆,钱济成.损伤理论及其应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1993:1-3.YU T Q,QIAN J C.Damage theory and its application[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1993:1-3.
[15]中华人民共和国水利部.NB/T35026-2014混凝土重力坝设计规范[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2015.Ministry of Water Resources of the People′s Republic of China.NB/T35026-2014Code for design of concrete gravity dams[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2015.
[16]徐道远,符晓陵,朱为玄,等.坝体混凝土损伤-断裂模型[J].大连理工大学报,1997,37(A1):3-8.XU D Y,FU X L,ZHU W X,et al.Damage fracture model of dam concrete[J].Dalian University of Technology newspaper,1997,37(A1):3-8.
[17]徐道元,张林兵,朱为玄.混凝土断裂临界值测试研究[J].福州大学学报,1994,22(4):222-227.XU D Y,ZHANG L B,ZHU W X.Study on critical value of concrete fracture[J].Journal of Fuzhou University,1994,22(4):222-227.
[18]徐俊祥.混凝土结构的损伤力学分析[D].南京:河海大学,2004.XU J X.Damage mechanics analysis of concrete structures[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2004.
[19]张林,徐进,陈新,等.碾压混凝土断裂实验研究[J].水利学报,2001,32(5):45-49.ZHANG L,XU J,CHEN X,et al.Experimental study on RCC fracture[J].Journal of water conservancy,2001,32(5):45-49.
[20]章洪,付文容.混凝土断裂韧性KIC的尺寸效应[J].水利水电工程设计,1997,16(1):11-15.ZHAN H,FU W R.J.Size effect of fracture toughness KICof concrete[J].Water conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Design,1997,16(1):11-15.
[21]徐道远,符晓陵,朱为玄,等.高强度混凝土损伤-断裂模型及其在大体积混凝土结构中的应用[R].国家“八五”攻关研究报告,1995.XU D Y,FU X L,ZHU W X,et al.Damage fracture model of high strength concrete and its application in mass concrete structure[R].Research Report on national“85”tackling key problems,1995.
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