奥里诺科重油带MPE-3区块Oficina组辫状河三角洲沉积相定量刻画
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摘要
委内瑞拉盆地奥里诺科重油带MPE-3区块Oficina组辫状河三角洲沉积相定量刻画难度大,是制约该区块水平井高效开发的关键地质因素。在区域沉积背景研究的基础上,利用岩芯描述和分析化验资料,确定该地区为辫状河三角洲沉积,区内主要发育辫状河三角洲平原和三角洲前缘亚相,心滩、复合心滩坝、辫状河道、决口扇/溢岸、泛滥平原、水下分流河道、分流间湾、席状砂和潮汐砂坝等微相。综合利用地震和测井资料、现代沉积测量类比和经验公式等三种方法,实现了研究区主要沉积微相的定量刻画,认为辫状河河道带宽度介于1～5 km,水下分流河道宽度在1 km左右,建立了心滩宽与心滩长、心滩宽与辫状河道宽度、水下分流河道单河道宽度与深度之间关系的经验公式,进一步阐明了Oficina组沉积时期辫状河三角洲沉积演化规律,为提高研究区超重油油藏采出程度提供了重要地质依据。
Quantitative description of braided river delta sedimentary facies of the Oficina Formation in MPE-3 block of the Orinoco heavy oil belt in Venezuela Basin is difficult, which is the key geological factor restricting the efficient development of horizontal wells in this block. Based on the study of regional sedimentary background, it shows that the braided river delta deposits dominates this area which is determined by core description and analysis of laboratory data,mainly developing the subfacies of braided river delta plain and delta front and microfacies such as the mid-channel bar, composite mid-channel bar, braided channel, splay/overflow, flood plain, underwater distributary channel, interdistributary bay, sand sheet and tidal sand bar. Quantitative characterization of major sedimentary microfacies in the study area has been achieved by using three methods: seismic and logging data, analogy of modern sedimentary surveys and empirical formulas. The results suggest that the width of braided channel ranges from 1 km to 5 km, and the width of underwater distributary channel is about 1 km. Empirical formulas between the width and length of the heart beach, the width of the heart beach and the braided channel, the width and depth of the single channel of the underwater distributary channel are established, and the evolution law of the braided river delta during the deposition of the Oficina Formation is further clarified. The research results provide an important geological basis for improving the recovery degree of super heavy oil reservoirs in the study area.
Quantitative description of braided river delta sedimentary facies of the Oficina Formation in MPE-3 block of the Orinoco heavy oil belt in Venezuela Basin is difficult, which is the key geological factor restricting the efficient development of horizontal wells in this block. Based on the study of regional sedimentary background, it shows that the braided river delta deposits dominates this area which is determined by core description and analysis of laboratory data,mainly developing the subfacies of braided river delta plain and delta front and microfacies such as the mid-channel bar, composite mid-channel bar, braided channel, splay/overflow, flood plain, underwater distributary channel, interdistributary bay, sand sheet and tidal sand bar. Quantitative characterization of major sedimentary microfacies in the study area has been achieved by using three methods: seismic and logging data, analogy of modern sedimentary surveys and empirical formulas. The results suggest that the width of braided channel ranges from 1 km to 5 km, and the width of underwater distributary channel is about 1 km. Empirical formulas between the width and length of the heart beach, the width of the heart beach and the braided channel, the width and depth of the single channel of the underwater distributary channel are established, and the evolution law of the braided river delta during the deposition of the Oficina Formation is further clarified. The research results provide an important geological basis for improving the recovery degree of super heavy oil reservoirs in the study area.
引文
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[18] 李宇鹏,吴胜和,岳大力.现代曲流河道宽度与点坝长度的定量关系[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2008,27(6):19-22.[Li Yupeng,Wu Shenghe,Yue Dali.Quantitative relation of the channel width and point-bar length of modern meandering river[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2008,27(6):19-22.
[19] 陈仕臻,林承焰,任丽华,等.砂质辫状河沉积模式的建立:以委内瑞拉奥里诺科重油带H区块为例[J].沉积学报,2015,33(5):965-971.[Chen Shizhen,Lin Chengyan,Ren Lihua,et al.Establishment of the depositional model of sandy braided river:A case from the H Block in Orinoco heavy oil belt,Venezuela[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2015,33(5):965-971.]
[20] Zeng H L,Hentz T F.High-frequency sequence stratigraphy from seismic sedimentology:applied to Miocene,vermilion block 50,Tiger Shoal area,offshore Louisiana[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(2):153-174.
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[23] 董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.地震沉积学的概念、方法和技术[J].沉积学报,2006,24(5):698-704.[Dong Chunmei,Zhang Xianguo,Lin Chengyan.Conception,method and technology of the seismic sedimentology[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(5):698-704.]
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[25] 段冬平,侯加根,刘钰铭,等.河控三角洲前缘沉积体系定量研究:以鄱阳湖三角洲为例[J].沉积学报,2014,32(2):270-277.[Duan Dongping,Hou Jiagen,Liu Yuming,et al.Quantitative research of fluvial-dominated delta front sedimentary system:A case study of Poyang Lake delta[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(2):270-277.]
[26] Lorenz J C,Heinze D M,Clark J A,et al.Determination of widths of meander-belt sandstone reservoirs from vertical downhole data,mesaverde group,Piceance Creek Basin,Colorado[J].AAPG Bulletin,1985,69(5):710-721.
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[2] 穆龙新,韩国庆,徐宝军.委内瑞拉奥里诺科重油带地质与油气资源储量[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(6):784-789.[Mu Longxin,Han Guoqing,Xu Baojun.Geology and reserve of the Orinoco heavy oil belt,Venezuela[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(6):784-789.]
[3] Solórzano E J,Buatois L A,Rodríguez W J,et al.From freshwater to fully marine:exploring animal-substrate interactions along a salinity gradient (Miocene Oficina Formation of Venezuela)[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2017,482:30-47.
[4] Rodríguez W,Buatois L A,Mángano M G,et al.Sedimentology,ichnology,and sequence stratigraphy of the Miocene Oficina Formation,Junín and Boyacá areas,Orinoco Oil Belt,Eastern Venezuela Basin[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2018,92:213-233.
[5] Martinius A W,Hegner J,Kaas I,et al.Sedimentology and depositional model for the Early Miocene Oficina Formation in the Petrocedeňo Field (Orinoco heavy-oil belt,Venezuela[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2012,35(1):354-380.
[6] 陈浩,陈和平,黄文松,等.委内瑞拉奥里诺科重油带Carabobo油区M区块Morichal段地层沉积演化特征[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,31(1):45-52.[Chen Hao,Chen Heping,Huang Wensong,et al.Sedimentary evolution characteristics of Morichal member in M block of Carabobo area of Orinoco heavy-oil belt,Venezuela[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University (Natural Science Edition),2016,31(1):45-52.]
[7] 陈浩,陈和平,黄文松,等.委内瑞拉奥里诺科重油带沉积特征[J].地质科技情报,2016,35(4):103-110.[Chen Hao,Chen Heping,Huang Wensong,et al.Sedimentary characteristics of the Orinoco heavy-oil belt,Venezuela[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2016,35(4):103-110.]
[8] 穆龙新,韩国庆.奥里诺科重油带构造成因分析[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):488-493.[Mu Longxin,Han Guoqing.Genesis analysis of fault structures in the Orinoco heavy oil belt[J].Progress in Geophysics,2009,24(2):488-493.]
[9] Escalona A,Mann P.An overview of the petroleum system of Maracaibo Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(4):657-678.
[10] 徐文明,叶德燎,陈荣林.委内瑞拉油气资源及勘探开发潜力分析[J].石油实验地质,2005,27(5):473-478.[Xu Wenming,Ye Deliao,Chen Ronglin.Analysis on the potential of hydrocarbon resources and exploration and production in Venezuelan[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2005,27(5):473-478.]
[11] 张义娜,朱筱敏,孙作兴.中亚南部湖盆浅水辫状河三角洲识别标志与沉积模式研究[J].石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2011,33(7):28-31.[Zhzng Yina,Zhu Xiaomin,Sun Zuoxin.Identification marks and sedimentary mode of shallow braided river delta in the south of central Asia[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology (Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute),2011,33(7):28-31.]
[12] 朱筱敏,邓秀芹,刘自亮,等.大型坳陷湖盆浅水辫状河三角洲沉积特征及模式:以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组为例[J].地学前缘,2013,20(2):19-28.[Zhu Xiaomin,Deng Xiuqin,Liu Ziliang,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and model of shallow braided delta in large-scale lacustrine:An example from Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2013,20(2):19-28.]
[13] 潘荣,朱筱敏,刘芬,等.新疆库车坳陷克拉苏冲断带白垩系辫状河三角洲沉积特征及其与储集层发育的关系[J].古地理学报,2013,15(5):707-716.[Pan Rong,Zhu Xiaomin,Liu Fen,et al.Sedimentary characteristics of braided delta and relationship to reservoirs in the Cretaceous of Kelasu tectonic zone in Kuqa Depression,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2013,15(5):707-716.]
[14] Tye R S.Geomorphology:an approach to determining subsurface reservoir dimensions[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(8):1123-1147.
[15] 金振奎,杨有星,尚建林,等.辫状河砂体构型及定量参数研究:以阜康、柳林和延安地区辫状河露头为例[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(3):311-317.[Jin Zhenkui,Yang Youxing,Shang Jianlin,et al.Sandbody architecture and quantitative parameters of single channel sandbodies of braided river:Cases from outcrops of braided river in Fukang,Liulin and Yanan areas[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(3):311-317.]
[16] 孙天建,穆龙新,吴向红,等.砂质辫状河储层构型表征方法:以苏丹穆格莱特盆地Hegli油田为例[J].石油学报,2014,35(4):715-724.[Sun Tianjian,Mu Longxin,Wu Xianghong,et al.A quantitative method for architectural characterization of sandy braided-river reservoirs:Taking Hegli oilfield of Muglad Basin in Sudan as an example[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(4):715-724.]
[17] 孙天建,穆龙新,赵国良.砂质辫状河储集层隔夹层类型及其表征方法:以苏丹穆格莱特盆地Hegli油田为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(1):112-120.[Sun Tianjian,Mu Longxin,Zhao Guoliang.Classification and characterization of barrier-intercalation in sandy braided river reservoirs:Taking Hegli oilfield of Muglad Basin in Sudan as an example[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(1):112-120.]
[18] 李宇鹏,吴胜和,岳大力.现代曲流河道宽度与点坝长度的定量关系[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2008,27(6):19-22.[Li Yupeng,Wu Shenghe,Yue Dali.Quantitative relation of the channel width and point-bar length of modern meandering river[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2008,27(6):19-22.
[19] 陈仕臻,林承焰,任丽华,等.砂质辫状河沉积模式的建立:以委内瑞拉奥里诺科重油带H区块为例[J].沉积学报,2015,33(5):965-971.[Chen Shizhen,Lin Chengyan,Ren Lihua,et al.Establishment of the depositional model of sandy braided river:A case from the H Block in Orinoco heavy oil belt,Venezuela[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2015,33(5):965-971.]
[20] Zeng H L,Hentz T F.High-frequency sequence stratigraphy from seismic sedimentology:applied to Miocene,vermilion block 50,Tiger Shoal area,offshore Louisiana[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(2):153-174.
[21] Zeng H L.From seismic stratigraphy to seismic sedimentology:a sensible transition[J].GCAGS Transactions,2001,51:413-420.
[22] 林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):69-72.[Lin Chengyan,Zhang Xianguo,Dong Chunmei.Concept of seismic sedimentology and its preliminary application[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):69-72.]
[23] 董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.地震沉积学的概念、方法和技术[J].沉积学报,2006,24(5):698-704.[Dong Chunmei,Zhang Xianguo,Lin Chengyan.Conception,method and technology of the seismic sedimentology[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(5):698-704.]
[24] 朱筱敏,刘长利,张义娜,等.地震沉积学在陆相湖盆三角洲砂体预测中的应用[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):915-921.[Zhu Xiaomin,Liu Changli,Zhang Yina,et al.On seismic sedimentology of lacustrine deltaic depositional systems[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(5):915-921.]
[25] 段冬平,侯加根,刘钰铭,等.河控三角洲前缘沉积体系定量研究:以鄱阳湖三角洲为例[J].沉积学报,2014,32(2):270-277.[Duan Dongping,Hou Jiagen,Liu Yuming,et al.Quantitative research of fluvial-dominated delta front sedimentary system:A case study of Poyang Lake delta[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(2):270-277.]
[26] Lorenz J C,Heinze D M,Clark J A,et al.Determination of widths of meander-belt sandstone reservoirs from vertical downhole data,mesaverde group,Piceance Creek Basin,Colorado[J].AAPG Bulletin,1985,69(5):710-721.
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