关键驱动力作用下的新疆生态系统服务时空格局分析
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摘要
[目的]恶劣的生态环境和有限的资源驱动着新疆特殊生态系统服务的形成,人类又通过对生态系统服务的消费来满足和提高自身福祉,需要研究其时空变化并辨识主要驱动因素,支持区域可持续发展。[方法]文章构建了融合不同土地利用类型生态系统服务的价值量排序及服务功能强度矩阵的生态系统服务评估体系,并耦合3种关键驱动因子以评估各个因子的驱动强度,实现对生态系统服务热点与冷点变化的驱动及迁移分析。[结果]2000—2010年全疆生态系统服务总体增加,这一时期生态系统服务的热点区大部分转变为2010—2015年的冷点区,且15年来生态系统服务总体呈现小幅下降趋势。3个时期北疆和南疆人为干扰强度均呈增加趋势,由其驱动的生态系统服务则相应减小;南疆地区植被覆盖范围极其有限,故对生态系统服务驱动强度低;降水在北疆和南疆都能够产生高生态系统服务,但降水量的不稳定性能够使生态系统服务产生较大波动。相比于南疆地区,北疆生态系统在外界干扰下能够体现出更强的抗性和整体性,从而实现相对高效的生态系统服务输出。[结论]对关键驱动因子作用下的生态系统服务进行时空变化分析,有助于理解当地生态系统产生变化的原因,从而为当地生态环境保护提供参考。
The harsh environment and the limited resources seriously drive the specific formation of ecosystem services of Xinjiang, and people satisfy their will-being through consumption ecosystem services. Therefore, analyzing main driving factors of formation and changing of ecosystem services that can support sustainable development in this region. In this research, the ecosystem services evaluation system which combined value ranking and ecosystem services function intensity matrix was constructed. Combing three key drive factors coupling, driving intensity of each factor was assessed, and then completed driving and migration analysis of hot and cold spots of ecosystem services. The results showed that the ecosystem services increased from 2000 to 2010. However, the hotspots during this period were mostly transformed into cold spots during 2010-2015, while the whole ecosystem service benefits showed a slight decline in the past 15 years. Because of urbanization process, the layout of construction area tended to be more compact. The human disturbance indexes of three periods were increasing in both northern and southern Xinjiang, thus the ecosystem services driving by human disturbance index were all decreasing. The driving intensity of vegetation coverage was low in south Xinjiang due to the extremely limit. Precipitation accounted for high contribution of total ecosystem services, but it can also make the service efficiency fluctuate greatly. Compared with the southern Xinjiang, the northern Xinjiang region ecosystem showed stronger resistance and integrity under external interference, so as to achieve relatively high efficient output of ecosystem services. The spatio-temporal change analysis of ecosystem service under the effect of key driving factors is helpful to understand the cause of local ecological environment changes and guide for local ecological environment.
The harsh environment and the limited resources seriously drive the specific formation of ecosystem services of Xinjiang, and people satisfy their will-being through consumption ecosystem services. Therefore, analyzing main driving factors of formation and changing of ecosystem services that can support sustainable development in this region. In this research, the ecosystem services evaluation system which combined value ranking and ecosystem services function intensity matrix was constructed. Combing three key drive factors coupling, driving intensity of each factor was assessed, and then completed driving and migration analysis of hot and cold spots of ecosystem services. The results showed that the ecosystem services increased from 2000 to 2010. However, the hotspots during this period were mostly transformed into cold spots during 2010-2015, while the whole ecosystem service benefits showed a slight decline in the past 15 years. Because of urbanization process, the layout of construction area tended to be more compact. The human disturbance indexes of three periods were increasing in both northern and southern Xinjiang, thus the ecosystem services driving by human disturbance index were all decreasing. The driving intensity of vegetation coverage was low in south Xinjiang due to the extremely limit. Precipitation accounted for high contribution of total ecosystem services, but it can also make the service efficiency fluctuate greatly. Compared with the southern Xinjiang, the northern Xinjiang region ecosystem showed stronger resistance and integrity under external interference, so as to achieve relatively high efficient output of ecosystem services. The spatio-temporal change analysis of ecosystem service under the effect of key driving factors is helpful to understand the cause of local ecological environment changes and guide for local ecological environment.
引文
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[12] 李婧昕,杨立,杨蕾,等.基于熵理论的城市生态系统服务流定量评估——以北京市为例.应用生态学报,2018,29(3):987-996.
[13] 刘园,周勇.长江经济带生态系统服务价值时空变化特征分析及灰色预测.生态经济,2019,35(4):196-201.
[14] 闫丹丹,沙金霞,刘彬,等.地下水生态系统服务价值评估.水电能源科学,2019,37(2):59-62,90.
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[17] 李佳鸣,冯长春.基于土地利用变化的生态系统服务价值及其改善效果研究——以内蒙古自治区为例.生态学报,2019(13):1-9.(2019-04-17)[2019-04-22].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2031.Q.20190417.0950.026.html.
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[19] 王宗明,张树清,张柏.土地利用变化对三江平原生态系统服务价值的影响.中国环境科学,2004(1):126-129.
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[23] 赵俊芳,郭建平,徐精文,等.基于湿润指数的中国干湿状况变化趋势.农业工程学报,2010,26(8):18-24,386-387.
[24] 姚俊强,杨青,陈亚宁,等.西北干旱区气候变化及其对生态环境影响.生态学杂志,2013,32(5):1283-1291.
[25] 普宗朝,张山清,李景林,等.近36年新疆天山山区气候暖湿变化及其特征分析.干旱区地理,2008(3):409-415.
[26] 塔里木河流域气候暖湿化及人类活动对地表水资源的影响.沙漠与绿洲气象,2011,5(1):65.
[27] 徐羹慧.新疆生态环境近期变化与应对措施的初步分析.新疆气象,2004(4):5-6.
[28] 徐羹慧.南疆极干旱区生态环境保护、修复、建设的基本认识及应对分析.新疆气象,2005(1):28-30.
[29] jin J,Wang Q.Assessing ecological vulnerability in western China based on Time-Integrated NDVI data.Journal of Arid land,2016,8(4):533-545.
[30] 李晓东,傅华,李凤霞,等.气候变化对西北地区生态环境影响的若干进展.草业科学,2011,28(2):286-295.
[31] 热比古丽·热杰普.南疆三地州人口压力及贫困问题研究.新疆大学,2017.
[32] 徐羹慧.南疆塔里木河流域生态环境近期变化的成因解释.新疆气象,2005(2):28-31.
[33] 王向辉.西北地区环境变迁与农业可持续发展研究.西北农林科技大学,2012.
[34] 许尔琪,张红旗.中国生态脆弱区土地可持续利用评价研究.中国农业资源与区划,2012,33(3):1-6.
[35] Liu F,Zhang H,Qin Y,et al.Semi-natural areas of Tarim Basin in northwest China:Linkage to desertification.Science of the Total Environment,2016,573:178-188.
[36] 新疆维吾尔自治区统计局,国家统计局新疆调查总队.新疆统计年鉴2018.北京:中国统计出版社.
[37] 王文静,延军平,刘永林.新疆旱涝气候的南北差异性分析.干旱区研究,2016,33(3):609-618.
[38] 程超.南北疆经济社会差异特征与协调发展的对策建议.新疆大学,2016.
[39] Costanza R,dArge R,deGroot R,et al.The value of the world′s ecosystem services and natural capital.Nature,1997,387:253-260.
[40] 谢高地,张钇锂,鲁春霞,等.中国自然草地生态系统服务价值.自然资源学报,2001(1):47-53.
[41] 谭云娟.近50年来我国气候干湿区的变化规律及其成因分析.南京信息工程大学,2016.
[42] 李稚,汪洋,王志成,李卫红.1982—2012年西北干旱区蒸散发组分时空变化分析.灌溉排水学报,2018,37(7):120-128.
[43] 吴燕锋.北疆近52年气象干旱时空演变特征.新疆农业大学,2016.
[44] Han S,Xu D,Wang S.Decreasing potential evaporation trends in China from 1956 to 2005:Accelerated in regions with significant agricultural influence?.Agricultural &Forest Meteorology,2012,154-155:44-56.
[45] 贡璐,张海峰,安尼瓦尔·阿木提,等.干旱区内陆河流域典型绿洲土地利用格局变化中的人为影响空间分异研究.干旱区地理,2009,32(4):585-591.
[46] Cai W,Gibbs D,Zhang L,et al.Identifying hotspots and management of critical ecosystem services in rapidly urbanizing Yangtze River Delta Region,China.Journal of Environmental Management,2017,191:258-267.
[47] Zhenmin Z,Bojie F,Xiaoming F.GIS-based analysis for hotspot identification of tradeoff between ecosystem services:A case study in Yanhe Basin,China.Chinese Geographical Science,2016,26(4):466-477.
[48] 新疆维吾尔自治区统计局,国家统计局新疆调查总队.新疆统计年鉴2001.北京:中国统计出版社.
[49] 新疆维吾尔自治区统计局,国家统计局新疆调查总队.新疆统计年鉴2016.北京:中国统计出版社.
[50] Mapping the hotspots and coldspots of ecosystem services in conservation priority setting.Journal of Geographical Sciences.2017,27(6):681-696.
[2] Burkhard B,Kandziora M,Hou Y,et al.Ecosystem Service Potentials,Flows and Demands-Concepts for Spatial Localisation,Indication and Quantification.Landscape Online,2014,34(1):1-32.
[3] Cumming G S,Buerkert A,Hoffmann E M,et al.Implications of agricultural transitions and urbanization for ecosystem services.Nature,2014,515(7525):50.
[4] Rodríguez JP,Beard TD,Bennett EM,Cumming GS,Cork SJ,Agard J,Dobson AP,Peterson GD.Trade-offs across space,time,and ecosystem services.Ecology and Society,2006,11(1):28.
[5] 李双成,张才玉,刘金龙,等.生态系统服务权衡与协同研究进展及地理学研究议题.地理研究,2013,32(8):1379-1390.
[6] 傅伯杰,于丹丹.生态系统服务权衡与集成方法.资源科学,2016,38(1):1-9.
[7] 刘黎明.土地资源学.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2010.
[8] 彭建,胡晓旭,赵明月,等.生态系统服务权衡研究进展:从认知到决策.地理学报,2017,72(6):960-973.
[9] 赵文武,刘月,冯强,等.人地系统耦合框架下的生态系统服务.地理科学进展,2018,37(1):139-151.
[10] 傅伯杰,于丹丹.生态系统服务权衡与集成方法.资源科学,2016,38(1):1-9.
[11] 林珍铭,夏斌.熵视角下的广州城市生态系统可持续发展能力分析.地理学报,2013,68(1):45-57.
[12] 李婧昕,杨立,杨蕾,等.基于熵理论的城市生态系统服务流定量评估——以北京市为例.应用生态学报,2018,29(3):987-996.
[13] 刘园,周勇.长江经济带生态系统服务价值时空变化特征分析及灰色预测.生态经济,2019,35(4):196-201.
[14] 闫丹丹,沙金霞,刘彬,等.地下水生态系统服务价值评估.水电能源科学,2019,37(2):59-62,90.
[15] Estimates of shifts in ecosystem service values due to changes in key factors in the Manas River Basin,northwest China.Science of the Total Environment,2019,659:177-187.
[16] 谢高地,张彩霞,张昌顺,等.中国生态系统服务的价值.资源科学,2015,37(9):1740-1746.
[17] 李佳鸣,冯长春.基于土地利用变化的生态系统服务价值及其改善效果研究——以内蒙古自治区为例.生态学报,2019(13):1-9.(2019-04-17)[2019-04-22].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2031.Q.20190417.0950.026.html.
[18] 陈万旭,李江风,朱丽君.长江中游地区生态系统服务价值空间分异及敏感性分析.自然资源学报,2019,34(2):325-337.
[19] 王宗明,张树清,张柏.土地利用变化对三江平原生态系统服务价值的影响.中国环境科学,2004(1):126-129.
[20] 马赫,石龙宇,付晓.泸沽湖生态系统格局变化与驱动力分析.生态学报,2019(10):1-9.(2019-03-08)[2019-04-23].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2031.Q.20190308.1616.044.html.
[21] 严恩萍,林辉,王广兴,等.1990—2011年三峡库区生态系统服务价值演变及驱动力.生态学报,2014,34(20):5962-5973.
[22] 包翠荣.内蒙古自治区湿地生态系统特征及驱动力分析.中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(7):85-91.
[23] 赵俊芳,郭建平,徐精文,等.基于湿润指数的中国干湿状况变化趋势.农业工程学报,2010,26(8):18-24,386-387.
[24] 姚俊强,杨青,陈亚宁,等.西北干旱区气候变化及其对生态环境影响.生态学杂志,2013,32(5):1283-1291.
[25] 普宗朝,张山清,李景林,等.近36年新疆天山山区气候暖湿变化及其特征分析.干旱区地理,2008(3):409-415.
[26] 塔里木河流域气候暖湿化及人类活动对地表水资源的影响.沙漠与绿洲气象,2011,5(1):65.
[27] 徐羹慧.新疆生态环境近期变化与应对措施的初步分析.新疆气象,2004(4):5-6.
[28] 徐羹慧.南疆极干旱区生态环境保护、修复、建设的基本认识及应对分析.新疆气象,2005(1):28-30.
[29] jin J,Wang Q.Assessing ecological vulnerability in western China based on Time-Integrated NDVI data.Journal of Arid land,2016,8(4):533-545.
[30] 李晓东,傅华,李凤霞,等.气候变化对西北地区生态环境影响的若干进展.草业科学,2011,28(2):286-295.
[31] 热比古丽·热杰普.南疆三地州人口压力及贫困问题研究.新疆大学,2017.
[32] 徐羹慧.南疆塔里木河流域生态环境近期变化的成因解释.新疆气象,2005(2):28-31.
[33] 王向辉.西北地区环境变迁与农业可持续发展研究.西北农林科技大学,2012.
[34] 许尔琪,张红旗.中国生态脆弱区土地可持续利用评价研究.中国农业资源与区划,2012,33(3):1-6.
[35] Liu F,Zhang H,Qin Y,et al.Semi-natural areas of Tarim Basin in northwest China:Linkage to desertification.Science of the Total Environment,2016,573:178-188.
[36] 新疆维吾尔自治区统计局,国家统计局新疆调查总队.新疆统计年鉴2018.北京:中国统计出版社.
[37] 王文静,延军平,刘永林.新疆旱涝气候的南北差异性分析.干旱区研究,2016,33(3):609-618.
[38] 程超.南北疆经济社会差异特征与协调发展的对策建议.新疆大学,2016.
[39] Costanza R,dArge R,deGroot R,et al.The value of the world′s ecosystem services and natural capital.Nature,1997,387:253-260.
[40] 谢高地,张钇锂,鲁春霞,等.中国自然草地生态系统服务价值.自然资源学报,2001(1):47-53.
[41] 谭云娟.近50年来我国气候干湿区的变化规律及其成因分析.南京信息工程大学,2016.
[42] 李稚,汪洋,王志成,李卫红.1982—2012年西北干旱区蒸散发组分时空变化分析.灌溉排水学报,2018,37(7):120-128.
[43] 吴燕锋.北疆近52年气象干旱时空演变特征.新疆农业大学,2016.
[44] Han S,Xu D,Wang S.Decreasing potential evaporation trends in China from 1956 to 2005:Accelerated in regions with significant agricultural influence?.Agricultural &Forest Meteorology,2012,154-155:44-56.
[45] 贡璐,张海峰,安尼瓦尔·阿木提,等.干旱区内陆河流域典型绿洲土地利用格局变化中的人为影响空间分异研究.干旱区地理,2009,32(4):585-591.
[46] Cai W,Gibbs D,Zhang L,et al.Identifying hotspots and management of critical ecosystem services in rapidly urbanizing Yangtze River Delta Region,China.Journal of Environmental Management,2017,191:258-267.
[47] Zhenmin Z,Bojie F,Xiaoming F.GIS-based analysis for hotspot identification of tradeoff between ecosystem services:A case study in Yanhe Basin,China.Chinese Geographical Science,2016,26(4):466-477.
[48] 新疆维吾尔自治区统计局,国家统计局新疆调查总队.新疆统计年鉴2001.北京:中国统计出版社.
[49] 新疆维吾尔自治区统计局,国家统计局新疆调查总队.新疆统计年鉴2016.北京:中国统计出版社.
[50] Mapping the hotspots and coldspots of ecosystem services in conservation priority setting.Journal of Geographical Sciences.2017,27(6):681-696.
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