塑料模具钢镦粗过程内部空洞缺陷的有限元模拟
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摘要
利用JmatPro软件模拟计算718类塑料模具钢(3Cr2MnNiMo)热物性参数。应用ABAQUS有限元模拟软件建立模具钢镦粗过程中孔洞模型,模拟不同压下率条件下孔洞的闭合规律。模拟结果表明:孔洞闭合分为开始闭合、闭合加速和闭合减速3个阶段;孔洞闭合的2个主要影响因素为孔洞表面等效应变ε_e、静水压力与等效应力之比σ_m/σ_e;随着孔洞所处位置不同,孔洞闭合度不同,根本原因为孔洞所处位置的等效应变不同。所得结果对于塑料模具钢实际锻造生产过程具有指导意义。
To simulate the closure of void defects in plastic die steel with different reduction rate, the model of upsetting process was established based on the finite element software ABAQUS. Before establishment of the model, the thermophysical parameters of 718 plastic die steels(3 Cr2 MnNiMo) were simulated by JmatPro software. The simulation results indicate that the closure of the void defect is divided into three stages:start stage, acceleration stage and deceleration stage. Two main influencing factors of the closure for a void defect are found to be equivalent strain ε_e and the ratio of the hydrostatic pressure to the equivalent stress of the void surface σ_m/σ_e. The closure degree changed with the location of void defects along axis height of cylinder, which is mainly attributed to the difference of equivalent strain to which the voids are subjected. The simulation results provide guidance for practical forging process of plastic die steel.
To simulate the closure of void defects in plastic die steel with different reduction rate, the model of upsetting process was established based on the finite element software ABAQUS. Before establishment of the model, the thermophysical parameters of 718 plastic die steels(3 Cr2 MnNiMo) were simulated by JmatPro software. The simulation results indicate that the closure of the void defect is divided into three stages:start stage, acceleration stage and deceleration stage. Two main influencing factors of the closure for a void defect are found to be equivalent strain ε_e and the ratio of the hydrostatic pressure to the equivalent stress of the void surface σ_m/σ_e. The closure degree changed with the location of void defects along axis height of cylinder, which is mainly attributed to the difference of equivalent strain to which the voids are subjected. The simulation results provide guidance for practical forging process of plastic die steel.
引文
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[16] Nakasaki M,Takasu I,Utsunomiya H.Application of hydrostatic integration parameter for free-forging and rolling[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2006,177(1/2/3):521.
[17] Kakimoto H,Arikawa T,Takahashi Y,et al.Development of forging process design to close internal voids[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2010,210(3):415.
[18] 李世键,孙明月,刘宏伟,等.25Cr2Ni4MoV钢锻造过程孔洞缺陷愈合规律研究[J].金属学报,2011,47(7):946.(Li S J,Sun M Y,Liu H W,et al.Study on void healing behavior during forging process for 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel [J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2011,47(7):946.)
[19] Park J J.Prediction of void closure in a slab during various deformation processes[J].Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology,2011,25(11):2871.
[20] Park C Y,Yang D Y.A study of void crushing in large forgings:Bonding mechanism and estimation model for bonding efficiency [J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1996,57(1/2):129.
[2] 崔崑.国内外模具用钢的发展概况[J].金属热处理,2007,32(1):1.(Cui K.Development of die and mould steels at home and abroad [J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2007,32(1):7.)
[3] 朱俊.我国模具钢的市场需求及发展趋势[J].冶金管理,2014(3):27.(Zhu J.Market demand and development trend of die steel in china [J].China Steel Focus,2014(3):27.)
[4] 胡名洋.我国工模具钢极具发展前景[J].中国钢铁业,2008(2):10.(Hu M Y.The development prospects of tool and die steels in China [J].China Steel,2008(2):10.)
[5] 孙学乐,孟宪玲,钟继利.国内模具钢的研究与开发状况[J].黑龙江冶金,2001(1):34.(Sun X L,Meng X L,Zhong J L.Research and development of die steel in China [J].Heilongjiang Metallurgy,2001(1):34.)
[6] 刘建华,马党参,康卓,等.新型耐蚀塑料模具钢的组织和性能[J].钢铁研究学报,2008,20(4):47.(Liu J H,Ma D S,Kang Z,et al.Microstructure and properties of new corrosion resisting plastic die steel [J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2008,20(4):47.)
[7] 李保健,钟利萍.国内模具材料发展及应用[J].新技术新工艺,2012(4):67.(Li B J,Zhong L P.Development and application of mold materials in China [J].New Technology and New Process,2012(4):67.)
[8] 三丰.2011年模具工业发展简要回顾及2012年展望——访中国模具工业协会专务周永泰[J].航空制造技术,2012(1):66.(San F.A Review of 2011 mold industry development and 2012 prospection—— Interview with Zhou Yongtai,specialist of china mold industry association [J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2012(1):66.)
[9] 张先鸣.国外耐腐蚀性塑料模具钢实物质量分析及探讨[J].模具制造,2016,16(2):84.(Zhang X M.Analysis and discussion on the quality of corrosion resistant plastic mold steel in foreign countries [J].Die and Mould Manufacture,2016,16(2):84.)
[10] 张红英,阳益贵.塑料模具钢材料的应用与发展[J].模具技术,2010(2):60.(Zhang H Y,Yang Y G.Application and development trend of plastic mold steels [J].Die and Mould Technology,2010(2):60.)
[11] 朱俊.探索模具钢的市场需求及发展趋势[J].中国钢铁业,2014(3):2.(Zhu J.Exploring the market demand and development trend of die steel[J].China Steel,2014(3):2.)
[12] 罗毅,吴晓春.预硬型塑料模具钢的研究进展[J].金属热处理,2007,32(12):22.(Luo Y,Wu X C.Research progress of pre-hardened plastic mould steel [J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2007,32(12):22.)
[13] Sigwrth G K,Wang C M.Mechanisms of porosity formation during solidification:A theoretical analysis [J].Metallurgical Transactions,1993,24B(2):349.
[14] 戚正风.固态金属中的扩散与相变[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998.(Qi Z F.Diffusion and Phase Transition in Solid Metals [M].Beijing:China Machine Press,1998.)
[15] 吕炎.锻造工艺学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1995:11.(Lü Y.The Theory and Process of Forging [M].Beijing:China Machine Press,1995:11.)
[16] Nakasaki M,Takasu I,Utsunomiya H.Application of hydrostatic integration parameter for free-forging and rolling[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2006,177(1/2/3):521.
[17] Kakimoto H,Arikawa T,Takahashi Y,et al.Development of forging process design to close internal voids[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2010,210(3):415.
[18] 李世键,孙明月,刘宏伟,等.25Cr2Ni4MoV钢锻造过程孔洞缺陷愈合规律研究[J].金属学报,2011,47(7):946.(Li S J,Sun M Y,Liu H W,et al.Study on void healing behavior during forging process for 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel [J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2011,47(7):946.)
[19] Park J J.Prediction of void closure in a slab during various deformation processes[J].Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology,2011,25(11):2871.
[20] Park C Y,Yang D Y.A study of void crushing in large forgings:Bonding mechanism and estimation model for bonding efficiency [J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1996,57(1/2):129.
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