食品微生物定量风险分级模型初探与验证
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摘要
目的构建吉林省食品微生物定量风险分级模型并进一步验证。方法利用食物消费量、交叉污染和烹调行为等相关数据,以2014年吉林省食品微生物监测数据为例,通过风险矩阵对不同致病菌污染所致人群健康风险进行风险分级并利用Risk Ranger进一步验证。结果通过分级模型发现调理生猪肉中存在沙门菌污染,乳与乳制品和三明治中单增李斯特菌污染存在中风险;发现41.67%的食源性疾病病例由沙门菌引起;中式凉拌素菜导致的食源性疾病人数最多,占所有病例的69.06%;75.22%的食源性疾病病例是由于不完全烹调所致;经Risk Ranger进一步验证提出应对"调理生猪肉-沙门菌"组合优先进行风险评估,不完全烹调及其干预措施是评估的重点环节;根据年发病率推算,吉林省2 700万人中,每年约有3.6万人发生食源性疾病。结论吉林省食品微生物定量风险分级模型初步建立,但需要进一步修正模型参数,更加准确的估算发病率。
Objective To develop the quantitative food microbial risk ranking model in Jilin Province and further verify it. Methods Based on the real consumption data, parameters for cross-contamination and cooking habits, the food pathogen monitoring result from Jilin Province in 2014 was used as an example, a deterministic risk ranking model and matrix were used to prioritize the microbial hazards and food types combination, and Risk Ranger was used to further verify the risk. Results There was medium health risk caused by Salmonella in marinated raw pork and Listeria monocytogenes in milk and sandwich. 41.67% of the illness was salmonellosis and 69.06% of the cases were attributed to the Chinese vegetarian salad and 75.22% of the cases were caused by under cooked food. Risk Ranger further verified that priority should be given to the risk assessment of the "marinated raw pork-Salmonella" combination and under cooked food and interventions were the key aspects of the assessment. According to the annual incidence rate, about 36 000 people suffered from foodborne diseases each year among Jilin's 27 million population. Conclusion A quantitative risk ranking model for food microbial was preliminary developed in Jilin Province which needs further modification on the model parameters for more accurate estimation.
Objective To develop the quantitative food microbial risk ranking model in Jilin Province and further verify it. Methods Based on the real consumption data, parameters for cross-contamination and cooking habits, the food pathogen monitoring result from Jilin Province in 2014 was used as an example, a deterministic risk ranking model and matrix were used to prioritize the microbial hazards and food types combination, and Risk Ranger was used to further verify the risk. Results There was medium health risk caused by Salmonella in marinated raw pork and Listeria monocytogenes in milk and sandwich. 41.67% of the illness was salmonellosis and 69.06% of the cases were attributed to the Chinese vegetarian salad and 75.22% of the cases were caused by under cooked food. Risk Ranger further verified that priority should be given to the risk assessment of the "marinated raw pork-Salmonella" combination and under cooked food and interventions were the key aspects of the assessment. According to the annual incidence rate, about 36 000 people suffered from foodborne diseases each year among Jilin's 27 million population. Conclusion A quantitative risk ranking model for food microbial was preliminary developed in Jilin Province which needs further modification on the model parameters for more accurate estimation.
引文
[1] 毛雪丹,胡俊峰,刘秀梅.用文献综述法估计我国食源性非伤寒沙门菌病疾病负担[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2011,15(7):622-625.
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[9] 刘弘,顾其芳,吴春峰,等.生乳中金黄色葡萄球菌污染半定量风险评估研究[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2011,23(4):293-296.
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[11] 朱江辉,宋筱瑜,王晔茹,等.我国食品微生物定量风险分级模型初探与应用[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2016,28(4):516-522.
[12] 杨晓光,孔灵芝,翟凤英,等.中国居民营养与健康状况调查的总体方案[J].中华流行病学杂志,2005,26(7):471-474.
[13] 国际食品微生物标准委员会.微生物检验与食品安全控制[M].刘秀梅,陆苏彪,田静,等,译.北京:中国轻工业出版社,2012.
[14] FDA.Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins handbook[EB/OL].2012[2019-02-03].http://www.fda.gov/food/foodborneillnesscon-taminants/causesofillnessbadbugbook/defalt.htm.
[15] 宋晓红,乔玫,刘晔.2010年山西省食品中食源性致病菌监测分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2013,25(4):374-377.
[16] EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards.Scientific opinion on the development of a risk ranking framework on biological hazards[R].EFSA Journal,2012,10(6):2724-2788.
[17] 朱江辉,宋筱瑜,王晔茹,等.食品微生物风险分级研究进展[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2015,27(3):322-329.
[18] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Multistate outbreak of Salmonella Montevideo infections linked to raw sprouts [EB/OL].2018[2019-02-03].https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/montevideo-01-18/index.html.
[19] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Multistate outbreak of Salmonella Saintpaul infections linked to imported cucumbers[EB/OL].2013[2019-02-03]https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/saintpaul-04-13/index.html.
[2] 毛雪丹,胡俊峰,刘秀梅.2003—2007年中国1 060起细菌性食源性疾病流行病学特征分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2010,22(3):224-228.
[3] 刘璐,白光大,邢扬,等.2013年吉林省食源性疾病监测分析[J].实用预防医学,2015,22(7):886-889.
[4] 翟前前,赵勇,尹菲,等.2013—2015年吉林省食源性疾病流行病学特征分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2016,28(5):589-593.
[5] ELAINE S,ROBERT M H,FREDERICK J A,et al.Foodborne illness acquired in the United States—major pathogens[J].Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal,2011,17(1):7-15.
[6] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO).Hazard characterization for pathogens in food and water[EB/OL].2003[2019-02-03].http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/pathogen/en/.
[7] Codex Alimentarius Commission(CAC).Principles and guidelines for the conduct of microbiological risk assessment,CAC/GL30-1999 [EB/OL].1999 [2019-02-03].http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius /standards/list-of-stand-ards/en/.
[8] EVERS E G,CHARDON J E.A swift quantitative microbiological risk assessment (sQMRA) tool[J].Food Control,2010,73(21):319-330.
[9] 刘弘,顾其芳,吴春峰,等.生乳中金黄色葡萄球菌污染半定量风险评估研究[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2011,23(4):293-296.
[10] 吴云凤,袁宝君.零售鸡肉中沙门氏菌的半定量风险评估研究[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2014,5(12):4157-4162.
[11] 朱江辉,宋筱瑜,王晔茹,等.我国食品微生物定量风险分级模型初探与应用[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2016,28(4):516-522.
[12] 杨晓光,孔灵芝,翟凤英,等.中国居民营养与健康状况调查的总体方案[J].中华流行病学杂志,2005,26(7):471-474.
[13] 国际食品微生物标准委员会.微生物检验与食品安全控制[M].刘秀梅,陆苏彪,田静,等,译.北京:中国轻工业出版社,2012.
[14] FDA.Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins handbook[EB/OL].2012[2019-02-03].http://www.fda.gov/food/foodborneillnesscon-taminants/causesofillnessbadbugbook/defalt.htm.
[15] 宋晓红,乔玫,刘晔.2010年山西省食品中食源性致病菌监测分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2013,25(4):374-377.
[16] EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards.Scientific opinion on the development of a risk ranking framework on biological hazards[R].EFSA Journal,2012,10(6):2724-2788.
[17] 朱江辉,宋筱瑜,王晔茹,等.食品微生物风险分级研究进展[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2015,27(3):322-329.
[18] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Multistate outbreak of Salmonella Montevideo infections linked to raw sprouts [EB/OL].2018[2019-02-03].https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/montevideo-01-18/index.html.
[19] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Multistate outbreak of Salmonella Saintpaul infections linked to imported cucumbers[EB/OL].2013[2019-02-03]https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/saintpaul-04-13/index.html.
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