中东地区孔隙型碳酸盐岩油藏水平井水淹模式
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摘要
水平井注水开发是中东地区孔隙型碳酸盐岩油藏的主体开发技术之一,而水平井水淹是制约注水开发效果的关键因素,为了尽快建立这类油藏的高效注水开发方式,需要对水平井水淹规律及其模式进行深入研究。与中国缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏不同,中东孔隙型碳酸盐油藏具有发育生物碎屑灰岩、孔隙结构呈多模态、物性夹层及高渗条带普遍分布等特征,注水开发效果存在很大不确定性。岩心分析和测井解释表明高渗条带、断裂带和高黏流体是薄层孔隙型碳酸盐岩油藏水平井水淹的主控因素,导致水平段各部分见水不均衡,表现为点状见水局部水淹、多点见水局部水淹和线状见水整体水淹三种类型。基于主控地质因素和动态响应特征建立四类水平井水淹模式,并分析了不同模式下水平井见水规律、剩余油分布特征及开发调整对策。研究成果可以为中东地区孔隙型碳酸盐岩油藏水平井水淹治理和注水开发调整提供理论和技术指导。
The water injection development with horizontal wells is one of the main development mode for porous carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East,while waterflooding performance in horizontal wells significantly influences the efficiency of water drive development. In order to establish the efficient water injection mode,it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the water-out performance and pattern for horizontal wells. Compared with fracturecavity carbonate reservoirs in northwestern China,porous carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East were characterized by bio-clastic limestone,multimodal pore structure,physical interlayer and high permeability zone,which results in uncertainty of water injection development. The core analysis and the logging interpretation indicate that the major controlling factors of non-uniform waterflooding in the horizontal wells are high-permeability layers,fault zones and high viscosity oil,which cause uneven water-out and displacement. The typical water-out types include single spot breakthrough-partial waterflooding,multi-spots breakthrough-local waterflooding and linear breakthrough-global waterflooding. Based on the analyses of geological and dynamic response characteristics,four types of waterflooding pattern are established. Then water-out performance,distribution characteristics of remaining oil and adjustment strategies are proposed. Theoretical and technical guidance for waterflooding management and efficient water injection adjustment in the Middle East are provided.
The water injection development with horizontal wells is one of the main development mode for porous carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East,while waterflooding performance in horizontal wells significantly influences the efficiency of water drive development. In order to establish the efficient water injection mode,it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the water-out performance and pattern for horizontal wells. Compared with fracturecavity carbonate reservoirs in northwestern China,porous carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East were characterized by bio-clastic limestone,multimodal pore structure,physical interlayer and high permeability zone,which results in uncertainty of water injection development. The core analysis and the logging interpretation indicate that the major controlling factors of non-uniform waterflooding in the horizontal wells are high-permeability layers,fault zones and high viscosity oil,which cause uneven water-out and displacement. The typical water-out types include single spot breakthrough-partial waterflooding,multi-spots breakthrough-local waterflooding and linear breakthrough-global waterflooding. Based on the analyses of geological and dynamic response characteristics,four types of waterflooding pattern are established. Then water-out performance,distribution characteristics of remaining oil and adjustment strategies are proposed. Theoretical and technical guidance for waterflooding management and efficient water injection adjustment in the Middle East are provided.
引文
1穆龙新,范子菲,许安著.海外油气田开发特点、模式与对策[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(4):690-697Mu Longxin,Fan Zifei,Xu Anzhu.Development characteristics,models and strategies for overseas oil and gas fields[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):690-697
2薄启亮.海外石油勘探开发技术及实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2010:1-17Bo Qiliang.Overseas petroleum exploration and development technology and practice[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2010:1-17
3王昱翔,周文,郭睿,等.伊拉克哈勒法耶油田中、上白垩统碳酸盐岩储层岩石类型及特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(5):764-772Wang Yixiang,Zhou Wen,Guo Rui,et al.Rock types and characteristics of the Middle-Upper Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs in Halfaya Oilfield,Iraq[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(5):764-772
4王君,郭睿,赵丽敏,等.颗粒滩储集层地质特征及主控因素:以伊拉克哈法亚油田白垩系Mishrif组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(3):367-377Wang Jun,Guo Rui,Zhao Limin,et al.Geological features of grain bank reservoirs and the main controlling factors:a case study on Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,Halfaya Oilfield,Iraq[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):367-377
5付美燕,赵丽敏,段天向,等.伊拉克HF油田Mishrif组厚壳蛤滩相储层沉积与早期成岩特征[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(5):1-9Fu Meiyan,Zhao Limin,Duan Tianxiang,et al.Reservoir and early diagenesis characteristics of rudist shoal of Mishrif Formation in HFOilfield of Iraq[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2016,40(5):1-9
6邓亚,郭睿,田中元,等.碳酸盐岩储集层隔夹层地质特征及成因:以伊拉克西古尔纳油田白垩系Mishrif组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(1):136-144Deng Ya,Guo Rui,Tian Zhongyuan,et al.Geologic features and genesis of the barriers and intercalations in carbonates:a case study of the Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,West Qurna Oilfield,Iraq[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(1):136-144
7张琪,李勇,李保柱,等.礁滩相碳酸盐岩油藏贼层识别方法及开发技术对策:以鲁迈拉油田Mishrif油藏为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(2):1-6Zhang Qi,Li Yong,Li Baozhu,et al.Identification methods and development strategy study of thief zone in reef-bank carbonate reservoirs:a case study of the Mishrif Reservoir in Rumaila Oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2016,23(2):1-6
8 Lawrence D A,Al Ali M,Vahrenkamp V C,et al.Sequence stratigraphy of a giant middle east oil field-integration of core,log and seismic data[C]//International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference.Abu Dhabi,UAE:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2010:SPE 138467
9宋新民,李勇.中东碳酸盐岩油藏注水开发思路与对策[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(4):679-689Song Xinmin,Li Yong.Optimum development options and strategies for water injection development of carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):679-689
10宋传真,刘传喜,徐婷,等.低渗孔隙型碳酸盐岩稠油油藏开发对策---以叙利亚O油田为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(2):297-305Song Chuanzhen,Liu Chuanxi,Xu Ting,et al.Development strategies for low-permeability carbonate heavy oil reservoirs:a case study from O Oilfield in Syria[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(2):297-305
11杜殿发,王玉靖,侯加根,等.薄层边底水油藏水淹模式:以陆梁油田陆9井区呼二三油藏为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(5):91-93Du Dianfa,Wang Yujing,Hou Jiagen,et al.Study on water flooding pattern of thin-layered reservoir with edge and bottom water-case of K1h32reservoir of Lu 9 wellblock in Luliang Oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2012,19(5):91-93
12姜汉桥,李俊键,李杰.底水油藏水平井水淹规律数值模拟研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(6):172-176Jiang Hanqiao,Li Junjian,Li Jie.Investigation on water out mechanism of bottom water driven reservoir in horizontal wells[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2009,31(6):172-176
13郑俊德,高朝阳,石成方,等.水平井水淹机理数值模拟研究[J].石油学报,2006,27(5):99-102Zheng Junde,Gao Chaoyang,Shi Chengfang,et al.Numerical simulation of watered out mechanism in horizontal well[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(5):99-102
14周代余,江同文,冯积累,等.底水油藏水平井水淹动态和水淹模式研究[J].石油学报,2004,25(6):73-77Zhou Daiyu,Jiang Tongwen,Feng Jilei,et al.Water flooding performance and pattern in horizontal well with bottom water reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2004,25(6):73-77
15刘广为,周代余,姜汉桥,等.塔里木盆地海相砂岩油藏水平井水淹规律及其模式[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(1):128-135Liu Guangwei,Zhou Daiyu,Jiang Hanqiao,et al.Water-out performance and pattern of horizontal wells for marine sandstone reservoirs in Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(1):128-135
16杨俊峰,刘仁静,姜汉桥.底水油藏水平井开发影响因素研究[J].科学技术与工程,2011,11(20):4870-4873Yang Junfeng,Liu Renjing,Jiang Hanqiao.Study on affecting factor of horizontal well in bottom water reservoir[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2011,20(11):4870-4873
17袁子龙,党琳琳.葡萄花油层水平井含水上升及控水分析研究[J].科学技术与工程,2011,11(36):9053-9056Yuan Zilong,Dang Linlin.Putaohua rising water level of wells and water-control analysis[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2011,11(36):9053-9056
18刘广为,姜汉桥,李龙元,等.边水油藏水平井见水时间预测新方法[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(2):84-86Liu Guangwei,Jiang Hanqiao,Li Longyuan,et al.New method of estinating water breakthrough time for horizontal wells in edgewater drive reservoirs[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(2):84-86
19 Kumar M,Sharma P,Gupta D K.Sensitivity study of horizontal length,offset from water oil contact and withdrawal rate of horizontal well in bottom water drive reservoir[J].Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology,2018,8(2):577-588
20 Al-Ghanim J A,Al-Nufaili S A.Middle East field water production mechanisms[C]//SPE Oil and Gas India Conference and Exhibition.Mumbai,India:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2010:SPE 127934
21 Banerjee T K,Fadli E H E,Ahmed F,et al.Optimized planning and placement of horizontal wells improved well productivity and controlled water cut in Umm Gudair field,Kuwait[C]//International Petroleum Technology Conference.Bangkok,Thailand,2011:IPTC 14257.doi:10.2523/IPTC-14257-MS
22李阳,康志江,薛兆杰,等.中国碳酸盐岩油气藏开发理论与实践[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(4):669-678Li Yang,Kang Zhijiang,Xue Zhaojie,et al.Theories and practices of carbonate reservoirs development in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):669-678
23柏松章,唐飞.裂缝性潜山基岩油藏开发模式[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997Bo Songzhang,Tang Fei.The development models of buried hill fractured basement reservoirs[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997
24李阳.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩溶洞型储集体识别及定量表征[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(1):1-7Li Yang.Ordovician carbonate fracture-cavity reservoirs identification and quantitative characterization in Tahe Oilfield[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2012,36(1):1-7
25李阳,范智慧.塔河奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏缝洞系统发育模式与分布规律[J].石油学报,2011,32(1):101-106Li Yang,Fan Zhihui.Developmental pattern and distribution rule of the fracture-cavity system of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Tahe Oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(1):101-106
26鲁新便,荣元帅,李小波,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏注采井网构建及开发意义:以塔河油田为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(4):658-664Lu Xinbian,Rong Yuanshuai,Li Xiaobo,et al.Construction of injection-production well pattern in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir and its development significance:a case study from Tahe Oilfield in Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(4):658-664
27吴文明,秦飞,欧阳冬,等.塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏堵水技术[J].油气地质与采收率,2013,20(6):104-107Wu Wenming,Qin Fei,Ouyang Dong,et al.Study on water plugging technology in fractured-cavity carbonate reservoirs,Tahe Oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery,2013,20(6):104-107
2薄启亮.海外石油勘探开发技术及实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2010:1-17Bo Qiliang.Overseas petroleum exploration and development technology and practice[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2010:1-17
3王昱翔,周文,郭睿,等.伊拉克哈勒法耶油田中、上白垩统碳酸盐岩储层岩石类型及特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(5):764-772Wang Yixiang,Zhou Wen,Guo Rui,et al.Rock types and characteristics of the Middle-Upper Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs in Halfaya Oilfield,Iraq[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(5):764-772
4王君,郭睿,赵丽敏,等.颗粒滩储集层地质特征及主控因素:以伊拉克哈法亚油田白垩系Mishrif组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(3):367-377Wang Jun,Guo Rui,Zhao Limin,et al.Geological features of grain bank reservoirs and the main controlling factors:a case study on Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,Halfaya Oilfield,Iraq[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):367-377
5付美燕,赵丽敏,段天向,等.伊拉克HF油田Mishrif组厚壳蛤滩相储层沉积与早期成岩特征[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(5):1-9Fu Meiyan,Zhao Limin,Duan Tianxiang,et al.Reservoir and early diagenesis characteristics of rudist shoal of Mishrif Formation in HFOilfield of Iraq[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2016,40(5):1-9
6邓亚,郭睿,田中元,等.碳酸盐岩储集层隔夹层地质特征及成因:以伊拉克西古尔纳油田白垩系Mishrif组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(1):136-144Deng Ya,Guo Rui,Tian Zhongyuan,et al.Geologic features and genesis of the barriers and intercalations in carbonates:a case study of the Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,West Qurna Oilfield,Iraq[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(1):136-144
7张琪,李勇,李保柱,等.礁滩相碳酸盐岩油藏贼层识别方法及开发技术对策:以鲁迈拉油田Mishrif油藏为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(2):1-6Zhang Qi,Li Yong,Li Baozhu,et al.Identification methods and development strategy study of thief zone in reef-bank carbonate reservoirs:a case study of the Mishrif Reservoir in Rumaila Oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2016,23(2):1-6
8 Lawrence D A,Al Ali M,Vahrenkamp V C,et al.Sequence stratigraphy of a giant middle east oil field-integration of core,log and seismic data[C]//International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference.Abu Dhabi,UAE:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2010:SPE 138467
9宋新民,李勇.中东碳酸盐岩油藏注水开发思路与对策[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(4):679-689Song Xinmin,Li Yong.Optimum development options and strategies for water injection development of carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):679-689
10宋传真,刘传喜,徐婷,等.低渗孔隙型碳酸盐岩稠油油藏开发对策---以叙利亚O油田为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(2):297-305Song Chuanzhen,Liu Chuanxi,Xu Ting,et al.Development strategies for low-permeability carbonate heavy oil reservoirs:a case study from O Oilfield in Syria[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(2):297-305
11杜殿发,王玉靖,侯加根,等.薄层边底水油藏水淹模式:以陆梁油田陆9井区呼二三油藏为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(5):91-93Du Dianfa,Wang Yujing,Hou Jiagen,et al.Study on water flooding pattern of thin-layered reservoir with edge and bottom water-case of K1h32reservoir of Lu 9 wellblock in Luliang Oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2012,19(5):91-93
12姜汉桥,李俊键,李杰.底水油藏水平井水淹规律数值模拟研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(6):172-176Jiang Hanqiao,Li Junjian,Li Jie.Investigation on water out mechanism of bottom water driven reservoir in horizontal wells[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2009,31(6):172-176
13郑俊德,高朝阳,石成方,等.水平井水淹机理数值模拟研究[J].石油学报,2006,27(5):99-102Zheng Junde,Gao Chaoyang,Shi Chengfang,et al.Numerical simulation of watered out mechanism in horizontal well[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(5):99-102
14周代余,江同文,冯积累,等.底水油藏水平井水淹动态和水淹模式研究[J].石油学报,2004,25(6):73-77Zhou Daiyu,Jiang Tongwen,Feng Jilei,et al.Water flooding performance and pattern in horizontal well with bottom water reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2004,25(6):73-77
15刘广为,周代余,姜汉桥,等.塔里木盆地海相砂岩油藏水平井水淹规律及其模式[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(1):128-135Liu Guangwei,Zhou Daiyu,Jiang Hanqiao,et al.Water-out performance and pattern of horizontal wells for marine sandstone reservoirs in Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(1):128-135
16杨俊峰,刘仁静,姜汉桥.底水油藏水平井开发影响因素研究[J].科学技术与工程,2011,11(20):4870-4873Yang Junfeng,Liu Renjing,Jiang Hanqiao.Study on affecting factor of horizontal well in bottom water reservoir[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2011,20(11):4870-4873
17袁子龙,党琳琳.葡萄花油层水平井含水上升及控水分析研究[J].科学技术与工程,2011,11(36):9053-9056Yuan Zilong,Dang Linlin.Putaohua rising water level of wells and water-control analysis[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2011,11(36):9053-9056
18刘广为,姜汉桥,李龙元,等.边水油藏水平井见水时间预测新方法[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(2):84-86Liu Guangwei,Jiang Hanqiao,Li Longyuan,et al.New method of estinating water breakthrough time for horizontal wells in edgewater drive reservoirs[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(2):84-86
19 Kumar M,Sharma P,Gupta D K.Sensitivity study of horizontal length,offset from water oil contact and withdrawal rate of horizontal well in bottom water drive reservoir[J].Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology,2018,8(2):577-588
20 Al-Ghanim J A,Al-Nufaili S A.Middle East field water production mechanisms[C]//SPE Oil and Gas India Conference and Exhibition.Mumbai,India:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2010:SPE 127934
21 Banerjee T K,Fadli E H E,Ahmed F,et al.Optimized planning and placement of horizontal wells improved well productivity and controlled water cut in Umm Gudair field,Kuwait[C]//International Petroleum Technology Conference.Bangkok,Thailand,2011:IPTC 14257.doi:10.2523/IPTC-14257-MS
22李阳,康志江,薛兆杰,等.中国碳酸盐岩油气藏开发理论与实践[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(4):669-678Li Yang,Kang Zhijiang,Xue Zhaojie,et al.Theories and practices of carbonate reservoirs development in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):669-678
23柏松章,唐飞.裂缝性潜山基岩油藏开发模式[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997Bo Songzhang,Tang Fei.The development models of buried hill fractured basement reservoirs[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997
24李阳.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩溶洞型储集体识别及定量表征[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(1):1-7Li Yang.Ordovician carbonate fracture-cavity reservoirs identification and quantitative characterization in Tahe Oilfield[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2012,36(1):1-7
25李阳,范智慧.塔河奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏缝洞系统发育模式与分布规律[J].石油学报,2011,32(1):101-106Li Yang,Fan Zhihui.Developmental pattern and distribution rule of the fracture-cavity system of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Tahe Oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(1):101-106
26鲁新便,荣元帅,李小波,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏注采井网构建及开发意义:以塔河油田为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(4):658-664Lu Xinbian,Rong Yuanshuai,Li Xiaobo,et al.Construction of injection-production well pattern in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir and its development significance:a case study from Tahe Oilfield in Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(4):658-664
27吴文明,秦飞,欧阳冬,等.塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏堵水技术[J].油气地质与采收率,2013,20(6):104-107Wu Wenming,Qin Fei,Ouyang Dong,et al.Study on water plugging technology in fractured-cavity carbonate reservoirs,Tahe Oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery,2013,20(6):104-107
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