狗牙根与空心莲对水库消落带土壤氮磷释放影响的模拟
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摘要
通过水库水位涨落室内模拟试验,探究丹江口库区消落带优势物种狗牙根和空心莲2种草本植物对土壤氮磷释放过程影响。结果表明:(1)水淹结束后(32天),空心莲子草土壤TN、TP分别降低11.75%,25.28%,狗牙根分别降低3.62%,25.77%。(2)干湿交替环境主要影响土壤中NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N和AP的含量的变化,对土壤中的TN、TP含量的影响较小。(3)狗牙根的死亡增加土壤TN、NH_4~+-N、TP量,即不耐淹植被过滤带虽然能净化径流中N、P等污染物,但截留的污染物和植物吸收的养分随着植物体的分解再次进入水体或土壤,无法达到有效防控农业面源污染的目的。该研究为丹江口水库利用植被缓冲带防控水体富营养化提供一定理论依据。
In order to determine the effects of herbaceous plants on the release process of soil nitrogen and phosphorus, a simulation experiment of reservoir water level fluctuation was conducted under Cynodon dactylon and Alternanthera philoxeroides. The results showed that:(1) After the end of flooding(32 days), the soil total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) decreased by 11.75% and 25.28%, respectively in Alternanthera philoxeroides, and by 3.62% and 25.77%, respectively in Cynodon dactylon.(2) The dry-wet alternative environment mainly affected the changes of ammonium nitrogen(NH_4~+-N), nitrate nitrogen(NO_3~--N) and available phosphorus in the soil, and had little effect on TN and TP contents in the soil.(3) The death of Cynodon dactylon increased the amount of soil TN, NH_4~+-N and TP, indicating that the inundated vegetation filter belt could purify N, P and other pollutants in the runoff. However that part of nutrients absorbed by the plants would in turn release to water system by the decomposition of plant biomass. The decomposition of the plant biomass once again entered into the water system or the soil, and thus the purpose of effectively preventing and controlling agricultural non-point source pollution could not be achieved. This study provides a theoretical basis for the using of vegetation buffer zone to prevent and control the eutrophication of water system in the Danjiangkou Reservoir.
In order to determine the effects of herbaceous plants on the release process of soil nitrogen and phosphorus, a simulation experiment of reservoir water level fluctuation was conducted under Cynodon dactylon and Alternanthera philoxeroides. The results showed that:(1) After the end of flooding(32 days), the soil total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) decreased by 11.75% and 25.28%, respectively in Alternanthera philoxeroides, and by 3.62% and 25.77%, respectively in Cynodon dactylon.(2) The dry-wet alternative environment mainly affected the changes of ammonium nitrogen(NH_4~+-N), nitrate nitrogen(NO_3~--N) and available phosphorus in the soil, and had little effect on TN and TP contents in the soil.(3) The death of Cynodon dactylon increased the amount of soil TN, NH_4~+-N and TP, indicating that the inundated vegetation filter belt could purify N, P and other pollutants in the runoff. However that part of nutrients absorbed by the plants would in turn release to water system by the decomposition of plant biomass. The decomposition of the plant biomass once again entered into the water system or the soil, and thus the purpose of effectively preventing and controlling agricultural non-point source pollution could not be achieved. This study provides a theoretical basis for the using of vegetation buffer zone to prevent and control the eutrophication of water system in the Danjiangkou Reservoir.
引文
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[10] 张乖乖,简敏菲,余厚平,等.水淹胁迫下空心莲子草的光合和荧光特征及其生理和生态响应[J].湿地科学,2018,16(1):73-78.
[11] Piotr B.Transport of contaminants in agricultural catchments during snowmelt:Buffer strips vs.preferential flow paths [J].Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology,2013,13(1):31-40.
[12] 汤家喜,孙丽娜,孙铁珩,等.河岸缓冲带对氮磷的截留转化及其生态恢复研究进展[J].生态环境,2012,11(8):1514-1520.
[13] Hille S,Andersen D K,Kronvang B,et al.Structural and functional characteristics of buffer strip vegetation in an agricultural landscape-high potential for nutrient removal but low potential for plant biodiversity [J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,628(3):805-814.
[14] 郭佳,蒋先,周雪,等.三峡库区消落带周期性淹水-落干对硝化微生物生态过程的影响[J].微生物学报,2015,56(6):983-999.
[15] Shang F Z,Yang P L,Li Y K,et al.Effects of different chemical nitrogenous fertilizer application rates on soil nitrogen leaching and accumulation in deep vadose zone [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(7):103-110.
[16] 王建超,朱波,汪涛,等.三峡库区典型消落带草本植物氮磷养分浸泡释放实验[J].环境科学,2012,33(4):1144-1151.
[17] Zhou Y,Xu J F,Yin W,et al.Hydrological and environmental controls of the stream nitrate concentration and flux in a small agricultural watershed [J].Journal of Hydrology,2017,545(1):355-366.
[18] 周涛,李正魁,冯露露.氨氮和硝氮在太湖水华自维持中的不同作用[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(2):305-311.
[19] Panda D,Sharma S G,Sarkar R K.Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,CO2 photosynthetic rate and regeneration capacity as a result of complete submergence and subsequent re-emergence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) [J].Aquatic Botany,2008,88(2):127-133.
[20] 韩文娇,白林利,李昌晓.水淹胁迫对狗牙根光合、生长及营养元素含量的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(5):49-59.
[21] Huang H B,Ouyang W,Wu H T,et al.Long-term diffuse phosphorus pollution dynamics under the combined influence of land use and soil property variations [J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,579(1):1894-1903.
[22] 石艳,杨茜,江韬,等.三峡水库消落带典型土壤中磷的形态转化特征[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):325-331.
[2] 林俊杰,刘丹,张帅,等.淹水-落干与季节性温度升高耦合过程对消落带沉积物氮矿化影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(2):555-562.
[3] 肖丽微,朱波.水环境条件对三峡库区消落带狗牙根氮磷养分淹水浸泡释放的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(11):4580-4588.
[4] 刘娜.三峡库区消落带典型植物淹水后降解动态与养分释放特征研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2016.
[5] You Y.Effect of water level regulation on vegetation characteristics in the water - level- fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir [J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2017,23(6):1103-1109.
[6] 姚程,胡小贞,卢少勇,等.几种水陆交错带植物对底质氮磷释放的抑制作用[J].环境科学,2017,38(2):589-599.
[7] Heathwaite A L,Griffiths P,Parkinson R.Nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff from grassland with buffer strips following application of fertilizers and manures [J].Soil Use and Management,2006,14(3):142-148.
[8] 杨文航,任庆水,秦红,等.三峡库区消落带不同海拔狗牙根草地土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷含量特征[J].草业学报,2018,27(2):57-68.
[9] 邝臣坤,郑美燕,李建生.香根草及狗牙根对水库消落带淹水环境的适应性模拟研究[J].环境保护与循环经济,2018,38(4):41-45.
[10] 张乖乖,简敏菲,余厚平,等.水淹胁迫下空心莲子草的光合和荧光特征及其生理和生态响应[J].湿地科学,2018,16(1):73-78.
[11] Piotr B.Transport of contaminants in agricultural catchments during snowmelt:Buffer strips vs.preferential flow paths [J].Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology,2013,13(1):31-40.
[12] 汤家喜,孙丽娜,孙铁珩,等.河岸缓冲带对氮磷的截留转化及其生态恢复研究进展[J].生态环境,2012,11(8):1514-1520.
[13] Hille S,Andersen D K,Kronvang B,et al.Structural and functional characteristics of buffer strip vegetation in an agricultural landscape-high potential for nutrient removal but low potential for plant biodiversity [J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,628(3):805-814.
[14] 郭佳,蒋先,周雪,等.三峡库区消落带周期性淹水-落干对硝化微生物生态过程的影响[J].微生物学报,2015,56(6):983-999.
[15] Shang F Z,Yang P L,Li Y K,et al.Effects of different chemical nitrogenous fertilizer application rates on soil nitrogen leaching and accumulation in deep vadose zone [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(7):103-110.
[16] 王建超,朱波,汪涛,等.三峡库区典型消落带草本植物氮磷养分浸泡释放实验[J].环境科学,2012,33(4):1144-1151.
[17] Zhou Y,Xu J F,Yin W,et al.Hydrological and environmental controls of the stream nitrate concentration and flux in a small agricultural watershed [J].Journal of Hydrology,2017,545(1):355-366.
[18] 周涛,李正魁,冯露露.氨氮和硝氮在太湖水华自维持中的不同作用[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(2):305-311.
[19] Panda D,Sharma S G,Sarkar R K.Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,CO2 photosynthetic rate and regeneration capacity as a result of complete submergence and subsequent re-emergence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) [J].Aquatic Botany,2008,88(2):127-133.
[20] 韩文娇,白林利,李昌晓.水淹胁迫对狗牙根光合、生长及营养元素含量的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(5):49-59.
[21] Huang H B,Ouyang W,Wu H T,et al.Long-term diffuse phosphorus pollution dynamics under the combined influence of land use and soil property variations [J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,579(1):1894-1903.
[22] 石艳,杨茜,江韬,等.三峡水库消落带典型土壤中磷的形态转化特征[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):325-331.
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