黄河三角洲表层土壤重金属空间分布与潜在生态风险评价
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摘要
研究黄河三角洲表层土壤中重金属空间分布特征,评价其潜在生态风险。结果表明:表层土壤(0-20 cm)Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Pb、Ni、As和Hg的平均含量为27.87,79.19,69.01,0.383,21.98,33.42,13.76,0.025 mg/kg。除Cd外,其他重金属含量平均值均小于国家二级标准值;各重金属空间分布均呈现自西北向东南递减的趋势,且实验区含量最高,核心区含量最小;Hakanson潜在生态风险指数评价表明,Cd为中等-较强生态危害,其余重金属单项均为轻微生态危害,潜在风险程度由高到低依次为Cd>Hg>As>Ni>Cu>Pb>Cr>Zn;保护区综合潜在生态风险为轻微-中等生态危害,呈实验区>缓冲区>核心区的规律。重金属受人类活动影响较大,距离人类活动较近区域含量高,较远区域含量低。
The distribution and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the topsoil(0—20 cm) of the Yellow River Delta were investigated. The results showed that the average contents of Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, As and Hg in the topsoil were 27.87, 79.19, 69.01, 0.383, 21.98, 33.42, 13.76 and 0.025 mg/kg, respectively, and these values were all less than the national standard value II, except the content of Cd. The spatial distribution of above heavy metals decreased from northwest to southeast, and the highest content was found in experimental zone, while the lowest was found in core area. The evaluation of potential ecological risk index of Hakasnon showed that Cd was medium-strong ecological hazard, and the other heavy metals were minor ecological hazards, the potential risks of the different heavy metals followed the order of Cd>Hg>As>Ni>Cu>Pb>Cr>Zn. The comprehensive potential ecological risk of the protected area was minor to moderate ecological hazard, and the ecological hazard level of each functional area was experimental zone>buffer zone>core zone. Heavy metals were greatly affected by human activities, which were higher in areas close to human activities and lower in distant areas.
The distribution and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the topsoil(0—20 cm) of the Yellow River Delta were investigated. The results showed that the average contents of Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, As and Hg in the topsoil were 27.87, 79.19, 69.01, 0.383, 21.98, 33.42, 13.76 and 0.025 mg/kg, respectively, and these values were all less than the national standard value II, except the content of Cd. The spatial distribution of above heavy metals decreased from northwest to southeast, and the highest content was found in experimental zone, while the lowest was found in core area. The evaluation of potential ecological risk index of Hakasnon showed that Cd was medium-strong ecological hazard, and the other heavy metals were minor ecological hazards, the potential risks of the different heavy metals followed the order of Cd>Hg>As>Ni>Cu>Pb>Cr>Zn. The comprehensive potential ecological risk of the protected area was minor to moderate ecological hazard, and the ecological hazard level of each functional area was experimental zone>buffer zone>core zone. Heavy metals were greatly affected by human activities, which were higher in areas close to human activities and lower in distant areas.
引文
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[20] Sungur A,Hasan ?.Chemometric and geochemical study of the heavy metal accumulation in the soils of a salt marsh area (Kavak Delta,NW Turkey) [J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2015,15(2):323-331.
[21] Fatoba P O,Ogunkunle C O,Folarin O O,et al.Heavy metal pollution and ecological geochemistry of soil impacted by activities of oil industry in the Niger Delta,Nigeria [J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(4):1-9.
[22] Nargis A,Sultana S,Raihan M J,et al.Multielement analysis in sediments of the River Buriganga (Bangladesh):Potential ecological risk assessment [J].International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,2018,16(3):1-14.
[23] Luo Y,Xu L,Rysz M,et al.Occurrence and transport of tetracycline,sulfonamide,quinolone,and macrolide antibiotics in the Haihe River Basin,China [J].Environmental Science and Technology,2011,45(5):1827-1833.
[24] Azzi D E,Probst J L,Teisserenc R,et al.Trace element and pesticide dynamics during a flood event in the save agricultural watershed:Soil-river transfer pathways and controlling factors [J].Water Air and Soil Pollution,2016,227(12):e442.
[2] 廉欢,高柏,李志勇,等.临水河表层沉积物中的重金属污染评价[J].环境工程,2017,35(8):159-162.
[3] Li Y,Zhang H B,Chen X B,et al.Distribution of heavy metals in soils of the Yellow River Delta:Concentrations in different soil horizons and source identification [J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2014,14(6):1158-1168.
[4] 刘志杰,李培英,张晓龙,等.黄河三角洲滨海湿地表层沉积物重金属区域分布及生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2012,33(4):1182-1188.
[5] 缪雄谊,郝玉培,阳莲锦,等.黄河三角洲表层土壤重金属元素的空间分布及其影响因素[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2016,36(1):57-68.
[6] 吴晓燕,刘汝海,秦洁,等.黄河口沉积物重金属含量变化特征研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2007(增刊1):69-74.
[7] 方淑波,贾晓波,安树青,等.盐城海岸带土壤重金属潜在生态风险控制优先格局[J].地理学报,2012,67(1):27-35.
[8] 侯学会,李新华.黄河三角洲自然保护区1992-2010年土地覆被变化分析[J].亚热带植物科学,2015,44(4):309-314.
[9] Bai J H,Huang L B,Yan D H,et al.Contamination characteristics of heavy metals in wetland soils along a tidal ditch of the Yellow River Estuary,China [J].Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment,2011,25(5):671-676.
[10] 鲍士旦,土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2010.
[11] Hakanson L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control,a sedimentological approach [J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[12] 庞绪贵,代杰瑞,胡雪平,等.山东省土壤地球化学背景值[J].山东国土资源,2018,34(1):39-43.
[13] 吴健,王敏,张辉鹏,等.复垦工业场地土壤和周边河道沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险[J].环境科学,2018,39(12):5620-5627.
[14] 李有文,曹春,巨天珍,等.白银市不同区域蔬菜地土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(11):3205-3213.
[15] 国家环境保护局.GB 15618-1995 土壤环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995:1-2.
[16] Liu Y F,Huang H H,Sun T,et al.Comprehensive risk assessment and source apportionment of heavy metal contamination in the surface sediment of the Yangtze River Anqing section,China [J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2018,77(13):e493.
[17] Li J G,Pu L J,Zhu M,et al.Spatial pattern of heavy metal concentration in the soil of rapid urbanization area:A case of Ehu Town,Wuxi City,Eastern China [J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2014,71(8):3355-3362.
[18] 叶华香,臧淑英,张丽娟,等.扎龙湿地沉积物重金属空间分布特征及其潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1333-1339.
[19] Xiao R,Bai J H,Huang L B,et al.Distribution and pollution,toxicity and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments from urban and rural rivers of the Pearl River delta in southern China [J].Ecotoxicology,2013,22(10):1564-1575.
[20] Sungur A,Hasan ?.Chemometric and geochemical study of the heavy metal accumulation in the soils of a salt marsh area (Kavak Delta,NW Turkey) [J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2015,15(2):323-331.
[21] Fatoba P O,Ogunkunle C O,Folarin O O,et al.Heavy metal pollution and ecological geochemistry of soil impacted by activities of oil industry in the Niger Delta,Nigeria [J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(4):1-9.
[22] Nargis A,Sultana S,Raihan M J,et al.Multielement analysis in sediments of the River Buriganga (Bangladesh):Potential ecological risk assessment [J].International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,2018,16(3):1-14.
[23] Luo Y,Xu L,Rysz M,et al.Occurrence and transport of tetracycline,sulfonamide,quinolone,and macrolide antibiotics in the Haihe River Basin,China [J].Environmental Science and Technology,2011,45(5):1827-1833.
[24] Azzi D E,Probst J L,Teisserenc R,et al.Trace element and pesticide dynamics during a flood event in the save agricultural watershed:Soil-river transfer pathways and controlling factors [J].Water Air and Soil Pollution,2016,227(12):e442.
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